Deafblind Communication methods and strategies

Deafblind Information Australia
20 May 202112:12

Summary

TLDR视频《聋盲沟通:方法与策略》介绍了澳大利亚聋盲人士常用的面对面沟通方法。视频强调了聋盲人群的多样性,包括视力和听力损失的程度、年龄以及可能伴随的其他残疾。所有聋盲人士都需要特殊的沟通支持,视频提供了如何接近聋盲人士、环境和语言调整、使用澳大利亚手语(Auslan)、触觉沟通、手指拼写、手掌打印等沟通技巧。特别指出,聋盲人士通常使用多种沟通方式,取决于上下文和沟通伙伴。视频鼓励与聋盲人士沟通时,了解并尊重他们的沟通偏好和需求,以减少孤立感,提供学习和社交的机会。

Takeaways

  • 👋 **接近方式**:与视障听障人士交流时,应从前方接近,挥手引起注意,说出对方名字,如果不确定是否引起注意,可轻拍对方手臂。
  • 🌐 **环境调整**:为了优化使用语言的交流,应减少背景噪音,选择声学效果好的房间,靠近交流对象,确保光源照向自己而非对方,站在对方偏好的一侧,清晰、大声地说话,并保持嘴唇可见。
  • 🗣️ **语音交流**:对于有足够听力理解语言的视障听障人士,可以使用语音交流,并通过写下关键信息、使用音频回环和FM系统等辅助技术来提高交流效率。
  • 🤝 **手语交流**:使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的手语(Auslan),对于视野受限的视障听障人士,需要在他们的视野范围内进行手语交流。
  • 👀 **视觉追踪**:随着Usher综合征患者视力的减退,他们可能开始用手掌心覆盖在手语者的手腕上,以便追踪手语的方向并获取额外的触觉信息。
  • ✋ **触觉手语**:对于听力和视力都不足以理解语言或手语的视障听障人士,可以使用触觉Auslan,通过将手放在交流伙伴的手上感受手语。
  • 🖐 **近距离手语**:对于中心视野受限的Auslan使用者,手语交流应在近距离内进行,以确保他们能够看清楚手语。
  • 💖 **社交触觉交流**:社交触觉交流是一种触觉交流方式,可以为视障听障人士提供关于房间布局、群体中人物的面部表情或进出房间等信息。
  • 📝 **手指拼写**:视障听障手指拼写通常由那些晚年失去视力和听力的人使用,他们具有良好的文化素养,但视力和听力不足以听语言或看手语。
  • 🖊️ **掌上打印**:对于没有手语知识的人来说,通过在接收者手掌上用食指画出大写字母,可以与视障听障人士进行交流。
  • 📚 **大号字体**:对于晚年失去听力的视障听障人士,他们可能需要通过大号字体的笔记接收信息,电脑屏幕上的文字比打印文本更容易阅读,因为文本更一致。
  • 👶 **早期交流技能支持**:对于出生时就视障听障或有额外的认知障碍、发展延迟的人,可以使用其他交流方法来有效互动,如日常活动、触觉提示、使用实物等。
  • 🤗 **个性化交流**:重要的是要与视障听障人士确认,是否有任何可以支持交流的方法,并询问他们的交流偏好和需求。

Q & A

  • 为什么需要为有聋盲症的人提供专门的沟通支持?

    -聋盲症患者由于视觉和听觉损失的程度、年龄、发病时间以及可能伴随的其他残疾的广泛差异,构成了一个多样化的群体。他们共同的需求是专门的沟通支持,以帮助他们有效地与外界交流。

  • 在视频中介绍的聋盲沟通方法主要侧重于哪些方面?

    -视频主要介绍了在澳大利亚使用的最常见的面对面沟通选项,包括如何接近聋盲人士、环境和语言模式的调整,以及使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的手语(Auslan)的多种沟通技巧。

  • 在与聋盲人士交流时,为什么需要减少背景噪音并确保良好的声学环境?

    -减少背景噪音和确保良好的声学环境有助于提高聋盲人士对语音的辨识能力,尤其是对于那些还保有一定程度听力的人。良好的声学环境可以通过使用地毯、软垫家具和最小化硬表面来实现。

  • 什么是shushitaj,它在聋盲沟通中如何使用?

    -Shushitaj是一种复述说话者所说内容的方法,通常在演讲或大型团体会议中使用。这可以通过在听者耳边近距离复述,或者面向听者,让他们既能听到也能通过唇部动作理解所说内容来实现。

  • 当使用Auslan(澳大利亚手语)进行沟通时,如果聋盲人士的视野受限,应该如何调整?

    -对于视野受限的聋盲人士,手语翻译和沟通伙伴需要确定他们的视野范围,并将手语保持在这个范围内。如果手语超出了他们的视野,可能需要使用手指拼写或美国手语版本。

  • 什么是触觉手语(Tactile Sign),它如何帮助聋盲人士?

    -触觉手语是一种触觉沟通方式,适用于那些听力不足以听语音或视力不足以看手语的聋盲人士。使用者将自己的手放在沟通伙伴的手上,感受手语的移动,同时,面部表情作为Auslan的重要组成部分,沟通伙伴需要提供额外的信息,帮助使用触觉手语的人理解正在传达的内容。

  • 社交触觉沟通(Social Haptic Communication)是如何帮助聋盲人士的?

    -社交触觉沟通是一种触觉信息传递方式,可以告知聋盲人士房间布局、群体中人们的面部表情,或者告知他们已经进入或离开房间,甚至是艺术和音乐的特征。重要的是要检查聋盲人士是否喜欢使用触觉沟通,以及他们熟悉或偏好使用哪些触觉方式。

  • 聋盲指拼(Deafblind Fingerspelling)通常由哪些人使用,它与聋人使用的双手字母表有何不同?

    -聋盲指拼通常由那些在晚年失去视力和听力的人使用,他们具有良好的文化素养,但视力和听力不足以听语音或看手语。聋盲指拼与聋人使用的双手字母表非常相似,但每个字母都是在聋盲人士的手上形成的。

  • 手掌上打印(Print on Palm)是一种什么样的沟通方式,它适用于哪些人?

    -手掌上打印是一种通过在接收者手掌上用食指绘制大写字母来沟通的方式,适用于那些没有手语知识的人与聋盲人士沟通。接收信息的人需要具有良好的文化素养和手部感觉。这种方法可以用于晚年失去视力和听力的人。

  • 对于晚期失去听力的聋盲人士,为什么大字体笔记对于他们来说很重要?

    -对于晚期失去听力的聋盲人士来说,他们可能能够说话但无法听到,因此需要通过大字体笔记来接收信息。与其他聋盲沟通技巧一样,这需要大量的注意力并且非常疲劳。如果可以使用计算机,由于文本更加一致,会比打印文本更容易阅读。

  • 对于出生时就有聋盲症或有额外认知障碍、发展迟缓的人,有哪些沟通策略可以帮助他们?

    -对于这些人群,可以使用日常例程来帮助他们预测接下来会发生什么,使用触觉提示来引导和提供信息,使用实物来提供有用的信息,例如当该刷牙时给一个人递上牙刷。关键词标志可用于那些没有语言技能来理解更长信息的人。一些聋盲人士通过发声、身体动作、手势和面部表情来沟通,重要的是沟通伙伴要非常细心并接受他们独特的一系列沟通行为。

  • 为什么与聋盲人士沟通时,了解他们的沟通偏好和需求如此重要?

    -了解聋盲人士的沟通偏好和需求对于提供有效的沟通支持至关重要。通常,聋盲人士会使用多种沟通方法,具体使用哪种方法取决于上下文和沟通伙伴。始终与个体确认,看是否有任何可以支持沟通的事情,并询问他们的沟通偏好和需求,这有助于减少他们的孤立感,提供学习的重要机会,以及共同享受欢笑。

Outlines

00:00

😀 介绍聋盲沟通方法

本段介绍了聋盲沟通方法和策略的多样性,强调了聋盲人群在视觉和听力损失程度、年龄、其他残疾等方面的差异性。重点在于所有聋盲人都需要特殊的沟通支持。视频中将介绍在澳大利亚使用的最常见的面对面沟通方法。虽然没有统一的术语来描述不同的聋盲沟通方法,但重要的是要意识到视频中提到的名称可能在其他州或国家中并不通用。此外,还讨论了如何接近聋盲人,以及如何通过环境和语言模式的调整来优化使用语言的沟通。

05:03

📢 聋盲沟通技巧

本段详细讨论了使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的手语(Auslan)的多种聋盲沟通技巧。包括为视力受限的人士调整手语位置、追踪手语以帮助理解手语的方向和情感、触觉手语的使用,以及在听力和视力均不足以理解语言或看到手语时使用的触觉Auslan。此外,还介绍了社交触觉沟通,这是一种通过触觉向聋盲人传递信息的方式,如房间布局、面部表情、进出房间的提示,以及艺术和音乐的特征。还讨论了聋盲指拼,这是一种通常由晚年失去视力和听力的人使用的方法,他们通常具有良好的文化技能,但视力和听力不足以听语言或看手语。

10:03

🖋️ 聋盲沟通支持

本段讨论了支持聋盲人沟通的不同策略,特别是对于那些出生时就聋盲或有额外的认知障碍、发展迟缓、语言技能有限的人。提到了使用日常活动帮助他们预测接下来会发生什么、使用触觉提示来引导和提供信息、使用实物来提供有用的信息,例如递给一个人牙刷表示该刷牙了。还提到了关键词手语的使用,以及通过声音、身体动作、手势和面部表情进行沟通的重要性。强调了与聋盲人沟通时,观察和接受他们独特的沟通行为的重要性,并鼓励模仿他们的行为以示关注和兴趣。最后,强调了询问个人的沟通偏好和需求的重要性,并提供了进一步信息的联系方式。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡聋盲

聋盲是指同时存在视觉和听觉障碍的情况,这种状态可能由多种原因引起,包括先天性条件或后天性损伤。视频中提到,聋盲人群的多样性很大,因为他们的视力和听力损失程度、年龄、起病时间以及是否伴有其他残疾都有所不同。聋盲人士需要特殊的沟通支持,这是视频的核心主题之一。

💡沟通支持

沟通支持是指帮助聋盲人士与他人进行有效沟通的一系列方法和技术。视频中强调,所有聋盲人士都需要这种支持,以便他们能够更好地与社会互动。沟通支持可以包括使用特定的沟通技巧、调整环境或使用辅助技术等。

💡面对面沟通

面对面沟通是指在没有使用远程通信工具的情况下,直接与他人进行交流的方式。视频中特别强调了面对面沟通的重要性,并介绍了在澳大利亚使用的最常见的聋盲沟通方法、技术和策略。面对面沟通有助于建立更直接的联系和理解。

💡澳大利亚手语(Auslan)

澳大利亚手语(Auslan)是澳大利亚聋人社区使用的一种手语。视频中提到,一些聋盲人士使用Auslan作为他们的主要沟通方式。对于有受限视野的聋盲人士,沟通伙伴需要了解他们的视野范围,并确保手语在该范围内进行。

💡触觉沟通

触觉沟通是一种通过触觉传递信息的沟通方式,特别适用于那些听力和视力都严重受限的聋盲人士。视频中提到,触觉沟通可以用来传递房间布局、面部表情、艺术和音乐特征等信息。使用触觉沟通时,重要的是要确认个体是否喜欢并熟悉使用特定的触觉信号。

💡聋盲指语

聋盲指语是一种在聋盲人群中使用的特殊沟通方式,尤其适用于那些在成年后失去听力和视力的人。这些人通常具有较好的文化素养,但视力和听力不足以进行正常的听说和看手语。视频中提到,聋盲指语与聋人使用的双手字母表非常相似,但每个字母都是在聋盲人士的手上形成的。

💡手掌印刷

手掌印刷是一种通过在接收者手掌上画写字母或信息来进行沟通的方法。这种方式适用于那些没有足够手语技能但具有良好文化素养和手掌感觉的聋盲人士。视频中提到,使用手掌印刷可以与不懂手语的人进行沟通,例如通过在手掌上画写大写字母来传递信息。

💡大字体打印

大字体打印是一种为聋盲人士提供信息的方法,特别是那些在成年后失去听力的人。这些人可能需要通过大字体笔记来接收信息,因为这样更容易阅读。视频中提到,如果可以使用电脑,那么阅读屏幕上的文字会比打印出来的文字更容易,因为屏幕上的文本更加一致。

💡沟通策略

沟通策略是指为了支持聋盲人士的沟通能力而采用的一系列方法。视频中提到,对于出生时就聋盲或有额外的认知障碍、发展迟缓的人,可以使用其他沟通方法来有效地与他们互动。这些策略包括使用日常活动、触觉提示、真实物品以及关键词手语等。

💡聋盲信息澳大利亚

聋盲信息澳大利亚是一个提供有关聋盲沟通方法和策略信息的组织。视频最后提到,如果需要更多信息,可以联系这个组织。这表明聋盲信息澳大利亚是聋盲社区的一个重要资源,可以提供进一步的支持和信息。

💡沟通伙伴

沟通伙伴是指那些与聋盲人士进行沟通交流的人。视频中强调,沟通伙伴需要有技巧、敏感和观察力,以帮助减少聋盲人士的孤立感,并为他们提供学习和社交的机会。沟通伙伴的角色对于支持聋盲人士的日常生活和社会参与至关重要。

Highlights

聋盲人群的多样性:由于视觉和听力损失的程度、年龄、发病起始时间以及其他残疾的存在,聋盲人群的多样性很大。

所有聋盲人共同的需求:需要专门的沟通支持。

视频中将介绍在澳大利亚使用的最常见的聋盲沟通方法、技术和策略。

面对面沟通选项:虽然有许多远程通信选项,但视频将专注于面对面的沟通方式。

沟通方法的术语标准化:不同沟通方法的术语没有统一标准,需要注意不同地区可能使用不同的名称。

接近聋盲人的方式:应从前方接近,挥手引起注意,说出名字,轻拍手臂以确认注意力。

环境和语言模式的调整:减少背景噪音,使用良好的声学房间,站在光线充足的地方,清晰发音,保持嘴唇可见。

Shushitaj技术:在演讲或大型团体会议中,将说话者的话逐字重复给听众。

音频循环和FM系统:将麦克风的声音直接传输到助听器或其他听力辅助设备。

使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的Auslan手语:对于视野受限的聋盲人,需要在他们的视野范围内进行手语交流。

追踪技术:随着Usher综合征患者视力下降,他们可能会用手掌心覆盖手语者的手腕,以便追踪手语。

触觉Auslan:对于听力和视力不足的人来说,可以通过将手放在交流伙伴的手上来感受手语。

近距离手语:对于中心视力减退的Auslan用户,需要在近距离内进行手语交流。

社会触觉交流:通过触觉方式向聋盲人提供信息,如房间布局、群体中人们的面部表情或进出房间的提示。

聋盲指拼:通常由那些在晚年失去视力和听力的人使用,他们有良好的文化素养,但不足以听到语言或看到手语。

掌上打印:使用食指在接收者手掌上画出大写字母,是与不懂手语的聋盲人沟通的一种方式。

打印沟通:一些聋盲人能够说话但听不见,他们需要通过大号字体的笔记接收信息。

早期沟通技能的支持策略:对于出生时就聋盲或有额外认知障碍、发展迟缓、语言技能有限的人,可以使用其他沟通方法。

观察和响应:沟通伙伴需要非常细心并接受聋盲人独特的沟通行为范围。

多种沟通方法的使用:聋盲人通常会根据上下文和交流伙伴使用多种沟通方法。

沟通偏好和需求的确认:始终与个体确认,询问他们的沟通偏好和需求。

沟通伙伴的作用:熟练、训练有素、敏感和细心的沟通伙伴可以帮助减少孤立,提供学习机会,以及一起欢笑。

更多信息获取:如需进一步信息,请联系Deafblind Information Australia。

Transcripts

play00:00

the title deafblind communication

play00:01

methods and strategies appears on screen

play00:05

the title introduction appears on screen

play00:08

a young woman in a blacktop appears on

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screen and begins to sign

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the population of people with

play00:15

deafblindness is diverse due to a wide

play00:17

variation in degrees of vision and

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hearing loss

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age of onset of vision and hearing

play00:22

impairment and in some instances the

play00:24

presence of other disabilities

play00:27

but one thing that all people with

play00:29

deafblindness have in common is the need

play00:31

for specialized communication support

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in this video you will be introduced to

play00:36

the most common deafblind communication

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methods

play00:39

techniques and strategies used in

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australia

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while there are many telecommunication

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options available to people with

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deafblindness now

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this video will focus on face-to-face

play00:51

communication options

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there is no standard terminology for the

play00:55

different deafblind communication

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methods and

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techniques so it is important to be

play01:00

aware that the names given to the

play01:01

different communication methods

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described in this video

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may not be the names used in other

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states and other countries

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we will start by looking at how to

play01:11

approach a person with deafblindness

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the title approaching a person with

play01:15

deafblindness appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign a person with deafblindness is

play01:20

approached on screen

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you should approach from the front

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wave to get the person's attention

play01:29

say the person's name unless you know

play01:32

they are deaf

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tap the back for the person's arm if

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you're not sure you have their attention

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once you are sure you have their

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attention let them know who you are

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now we will look at modifications to the

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environment

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and speech and language patterns to

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optimize communication using speech

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the woman fades off screen and the title

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speech appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign people in a meeting room appear

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on screen

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many people with deafblindness give and

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receive information using speech

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however it is important to be mindful

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that just because someone has clear

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speech

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does not mean they can hear for those

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people with sufficient hearing to hear

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speech you can assist by ensuring that

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you reduce

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background noise communicate in a room

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with good

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acoustics one with carpet and soft

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furnishings and minimal hard surfaces

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stand close to the person

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stand with the light source on your face

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and not theirs

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stand on their preferred side

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speak clearly at a good volume

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always keep your lips visible when you

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are speaking

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and write down key information

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may also be used shushitaj is the

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process of repeating

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word for word what a speaker has said

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and is used during presentations or

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large group meetings

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this may be done at close range to the

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listener's ear

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if they are not close enough to a

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presenter to hear them directly

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or it may be done facing the person so

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they can both hear

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and pick up the lip patterns of what is

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being said at closer range

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audio loop and fm systems may also be

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used which directs sound from a

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microphone

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directly to a hearing aid or other

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listening device

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now we will look at a variety of

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deafblind communication techniques which

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use

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auslan the sign language used by the

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australian deaf community

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the woman fades off the title visual

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frame sign appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign and people signing appear on

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screen

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some people with deaf-blindness have a

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restricted field of vision

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and will only see signs within their

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field of vision

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interpreters and communication partners

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of people with restricted fields of

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vision

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need to work out what their frame of

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vision is and keep the signs within this

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frame

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signs outside of their visual field such

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as dog

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needs to be fingerspelled or the

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american version may be used

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the woman fades off screen and the title

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tracking appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign people appear on screen

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signing as a person with usher's

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syndrome's vision deteriorates

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they may start to place their palm over

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the wrists of the person

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signing to them in order to be able to

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track where to look to see the signs

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and give them extra tactile information

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such as the force behind the signs

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which helps to convey the emotions

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behind the science

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the woman fate off screen and the title

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tactile sign appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign people signing appear on screen

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people who do not have sufficient

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hearing to hear speech or enough vision

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to see sign language

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may use tactile auslan

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those who use tactile auslan place their

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hands over the hand of their

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communication partner to feel the signs

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as facial expression is an important

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part of auslan

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communication partners need to give

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extra information to help those using

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tactile auslan understand what is being

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said

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for example a question mark needs to be

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drawn so they know they are being asked

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a question

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and a smiley face or a sign for laughing

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is used if someone is making a joke

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the woman fades off screen and the title

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close range sign appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign

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others appear on screen signing

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auslan users with reduced central vision

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needs signing to be at close range

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interpreters and communication partners

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should check with the person what the

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optimal distance is for them to be able

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to see the

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signs the woman fades off screen

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and the title social haptic

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communication appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign people using haptics appear on

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screen

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social haptic communication is a tactile

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way of giving a person with

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deaf-blindness information

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for example the layout of a room facial

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expressions of people in a group

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or that you have entered or are leaving

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a room as well as features of art and

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music

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it is important to check if the person

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with deaf blindness likes to use haptics

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and which haptics they are familiar with

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or prefer using

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the woman fades off screen and the title

play06:49

deafblind fingerspelling appears on

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screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign the deaf-blind manual alphabet

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appears on screen

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deafblind fingerspelling is typically

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used by someone who loses vision and

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hearing

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later in life they will have good

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literacy skills

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but not enough vision and hearing to

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hear speech or see sign

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they may also be learning auslan but not

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have proficient enough auslan to use

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this functionally

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deafblind fingerspelling is very similar

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to the two-handed alphabet that deaf

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people use

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but each letter is produced onto the

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hand of the person who is deafblind

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the woman fades off screen and the title

play07:32

print on palm appears on screen

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the woman fades on screen and begins to

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sign the english alphabet appears on

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screen

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using block capital letters drawn with

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your index finger on a person's palm

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can be a way for people with

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deafblindness to communicate with people

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who do not know sign language

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messages are drawn onto the receiver's

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palm

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the person receiving the message needs

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to have good literacy skills and good

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sensation in their hands

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this method can be used for older people

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who have lost vision and hearing

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later in life

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the woman fades off screen and the title

play08:10

print appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

play08:13

to sign people using speech

play08:15

and print for communication appear on

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screen

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some people with deaf-blindness are able

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to speak but are not able to hear as

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they have lost hearing later in life

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often these people with deafblindness

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need to receive information through

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large print notes

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as with the other deafblind

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communication techniques this involves a

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lot of concentration and is very tiring

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if a computer is available this is

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easier to read than print as the text is

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more consistent

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some people like black print on white

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screen but due to glare some people with

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depth blindness prefer white to on a

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black background

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for people whose preferred method is

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print it is important to book a

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notetaker or stenographer

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who will type out spoken information for

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the person with deafblindness to read

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a stenographer should be booked for

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meetings forums and workshops

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including online workshops and meetings

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the woman fades off screen and the title

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strategies to support early

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communication skills appears on screen

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the woman appears on screen and begins

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to sign people using various

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communication strategies appear on

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screen

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for people born with deaf-blindness or

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those who have additional cognitive

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disabilities or developmental delay

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who have limited language skills other

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communication methods can be used to

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effectively engage and interact with

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this group

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routines are important to help people

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anticipate what will be happening next

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touch cues may also be used to prompt

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and give information

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real objects can be used to provide

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useful information

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for example passing a person a

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toothbrush when it's time for them to go

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and brush their teeth

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keyword signs may be used if the person

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does not have the language skills to

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understand longer messages

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some people with deafblindness

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communicate through vocalizations

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body movements gestures and facial

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expression

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it is important that communication

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partners are very observant and

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receptive to their unique

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range of communicative behaviors it is

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important that people born with

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deafblindness feel

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seen and heard by others for someone

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with no formal language skills

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imitating their behaviors is a good way

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to let them know you have seen and heard

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them

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and are interested in them and what they

play10:40

have to say

play10:42

the woman fades off screen and the title

play10:44

final points appears on screen

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the one appears on screen and begins to

play10:48

sign people using various deafline

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communication methods appear on screen

play10:53

it is important to note that typically

play10:55

people with deafblindness will use a

play10:57

variety of communication methods

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and it will depend on the context and

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the communication partner

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as to what method they use always check

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with the individual if there is anything

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you can do to support communication

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and ask what their communication

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preferences and needs are

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communication issues pose many

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challenges for people with

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deaf-blindness

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however skilled trained sensitive

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and observant communication partners can

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help to reduce isolation

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provide important opportunities for

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learning and for just having a good

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laugh together

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we have touched very briefly on a

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variety of communication methods and

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strategies here

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for further information please contact

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deafblind information australia

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the woman fades off screen and the title

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deafblind information australia appears

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on screen

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with a web address reading www.deaf

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dot a u

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you

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