Singkat Cerita Jatuhnya Soeharto & Terbentuknya Sejarah Era Orde Baru dan Orde Lama

Summary

This video explores Indonesia's political evolution from the Old Order to the New Order, highlighting significant infrastructure advancements and international relations under Suharto. It examines the regime's dictatorial aspects, social unrest, and the 1997 economic crisis that culminated in Suharto's resignation. The discussion reveals how remnants of past governance continue to influence contemporary politics, stressing the importance of justice and accountability for victims of state violence. Overall, it offers a nuanced understanding of Indonesia's journey toward democracy and the challenges that persist.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order regime in Indonesia is remembered for its infrastructure development and strong international relationships, particularly with Western countries.
• 🕰️ The legacy of the Old Order was characterized by ties with the Eastern Bloc and a different political landscape, leading to significant changes in governance.
• ⚖️ Authoritarianism under the New Order sparked social unrest, economic crises, and political turmoil, ultimately leading to demands for reform.
• 📢 Student activism played a crucial role in pushing for democratization, despite facing violent repression from the military and police.
• 💔 The 1997 economic crisis marked a chaotic period, highlighting societal disparities and leading to increased anti-Chinese sentiments.
• 🏛️ Suharto's regime faced mounting pressure to resign, even after being re-elected and promising reforms that were not adequately addressed.
• 📜 The aftermath of Suharto's resignation left unresolved issues, including missing victims and a lingering military presence in politics.
• 🔄 The reform era saw changing presidencies, but many old policies from the New Order and Old Order regimes continued to influence governance.
• 📈 Indonesia's political situation has oscillated between progress and regression, suggesting a continuous cycle of governance issues.
• 🔍 The analysis indicates that while leadership may change, the fundamental governance systems often remain unchanged, reflecting historical patterns in Indonesia's political evolution.

Q & A

What were the main characteristics of the Orde Lama in Indonesia?

The Orde Lama, led by Sukarno, was characterized by its close ties to Eastern Bloc countries and its emphasis on nationalism. It focused on maintaining a friendly relationship with socialist nations and implementing policies aimed at building a strong Indonesian identity.

How did the Orde Baru differ from the Orde Lama in terms of international relations?

The Orde Baru, under Suharto, shifted Indonesia's foreign policy to establish strong relationships with Western nations, promoting economic growth and stability. This was in contrast to the Orde Lama's alignment with Eastern Bloc countries.

What were some of the significant achievements of the Orde Baru?

The Orde Baru is noted for significant infrastructure development and economic growth during its early years, as well as improvements in international relations, which enhanced Indonesia's standing globally.

What were the major criticisms of the Orde Baru regime?

The Orde Baru faced major criticisms for its authoritarian governance, widespread human rights abuses, and suppression of political dissent. The regime was marked by a lack of political freedom and violent repression of opposition.

How did the 1997 economic crisis affect the political landscape in Indonesia?

The 1997 economic crisis led to widespread social unrest and protests against the Orde Baru regime, ultimately contributing to Suharto's resignation. The crisis revealed deep social inequalities and economic vulnerabilities within the country.

What role did student activists play during the Orde Baru?

Student activists were crucial in mobilizing protests against the Orde Baru, often facing violent repression. Their activism was a key factor in highlighting the regime's authoritarianism and pushing for democratic reforms.

What impact did Suharto's resignation have on Indonesia?

Suharto's resignation marked the beginning of the reformasi era, leading to significant political changes, including the emergence of new political parties and the introduction of democratic reforms, although many challenges remained.

How did ethnic tensions manifest during the Orde Baru?

During the Orde Baru, ethnic tensions, particularly against the Chinese minority, were exacerbated by economic disparities. Discriminatory policies and sentiments fueled social unrest and violence during times of economic hardship.

What are the lingering effects of the Orde Lama and Orde Baru on contemporary Indonesia?

Contemporary Indonesia continues to grapple with the legacies of both regimes, including ongoing political corruption, military influence in politics, and the need for further democratic reforms and social justice.

In what ways did the Orde Baru attempt to present itself as a reformist regime?

Suharto's regime occasionally offered promises of reform in response to public pressure, such as proposing political reforms and economic adjustments. However, these reforms often lacked genuine implementation and were met with skepticism.