Sejarah Perjanjian Linggarjati

Summary

The Linggarjati Agreement, signed in November 1946, was a significant diplomatic milestone between Indonesia and the Netherlands, mediated by the United Kingdom. It recognized Indonesia's sovereignty over Sumatra, Java, and Madura, leading to the formation of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Federal States under Dutch monarchy oversight. However, disagreements over the terms and a subsequent Dutch breach of the agreement led to military aggression and renewed conflict. The negotiations showcased the challenges in securing Indonesia's independence post-World War II, illustrating the complexities of international diplomacy and post-colonial power struggles.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Linggarjati Agreement was a crucial diplomatic negotiation between Indonesia and the Netherlands, held from November 11-13, 1946, and signed on November 15, 1946.
• 😀 The agreement was mediated by the United Kingdom, with Britain overseeing the negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands (also called the Netherland Indies Civil Administration).
• 😀 The background to the agreement stems from the arrival of the AFNEI (Allied Forces Netherlands East Indies), post-WWII, and the subsequent conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
• 😀 A key moment of conflict was the 10 November 1945 Surabaya incident, marking Indonesia's resistance against the Dutch attempts to reclaim their colonial control.
• 😀 British efforts to mediate began with failed talks at Hoog Veluwe in April 1946, where the Dutch only recognized Indonesian sovereignty over Java and Madura, not Sumatra.
• 😀 Sutan Syahrir, the Indonesian delegate, rejected the Dutch proposal to make Indonesia a subordinate in the Dutch Commonwealth.
• 😀 The negotiations eventually resumed in October 1946, resulting in a ceasefire agreement on October 14, 1946, and the Linggarjati talks in November 1946.
• 😀 The Linggarjati Agreement recognized Indonesia's sovereignty over Java, Sumatra, and Madura, with the Netherlands agreeing to withdraw from Indonesia by January 1, 1949.
• 😀 The agreement also outlined the creation of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia Serikat), which would include Indonesia as one of its states, still under the Dutch Crown.
• 😀 Despite its signing, the agreement faced challenges as the Netherlands violated it, leading to the first Dutch military aggression in July 1947, triggering further conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
• 😀 The violations of the Linggarjati Agreement ultimately led to another round of negotiations, resulting in the Renville Agreement as a means to address the ongoing tensions.

Q & A

What was the Linggarjati Agreement?

The Linggarjati Agreement was a diplomatic agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands, signed on November 15, 1946, with the goal of resolving the conflict over Indonesia's independence following World War II.

Where and when was the Linggarjati Agreement negotiated?

The Linggarjati Agreement was negotiated in Linggarjati, Kuningan, West Java, from November 11 to 13, 1946, and it was signed on November 15, 1946.

What role did Britain play in the Linggarjati Agreement?

Britain acted as a mediator between Indonesia and the Netherlands, facilitating the negotiations and helping resolve the conflict between the two nations.

What were the key outcomes of the Linggarjati Agreement?

The agreement led to the Netherlands recognizing Indonesia de facto over Java, Sumatra, and Madura, and both sides agreeing to form a Dutch-Indonesian federation called the Republic of Indonesia Serikat.

Why did the Linggarjati Agreement face challenges in implementation?

The agreement faced difficulties because the Netherlands violated the terms, leading to renewed conflicts and the Dutch military aggression in 1947, which undermined the agreement's effectiveness.

What event prompted the need for the Linggarjati Agreement?

The conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands, particularly the Indonesian struggle for independence after Japan's surrender in World War II, led to the need for the Linggarjati Agreement.

Who were the key figures involved in the Linggarjati negotiations?

Key Indonesian delegates included Sutan Syahrir, A.K. Gani, Amir Syarifuddin, Soesanto Tirtoprodjo, Muhammad Rouf, and Ali Budiarjo. The Dutch delegation was represented by Professor Dr. G.B.T.K.R.D. and F.B., while Britain was represented by Lord Killearn.

What was the outcome of the Linggarjati Agreement regarding Indonesia's sovereignty?

The agreement resulted in the Netherlands recognizing Indonesia's sovereignty over Java, Sumatra, and Madura, while planning for the creation of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat, which would be part of a Dutch-Indonesian federation.

Why was the location of Linggarjati chosen for the negotiations?

The exact reason for choosing Linggarjati is unclear, but the serene environment, including the scenic views of Gunung Ciremai, was believed to help create a more peaceful atmosphere for the negotiations.

What was the outcome of the failed negotiations in April 1946 prior to Linggarjati?

The April 1946 negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands failed because the Dutch government only recognized Indonesian sovereignty over Java and Madura, while Indonesia demanded full recognition of sovereignty over Java, Sumatra, and Madura.