Perspective for Beginners
Summary
TLDREste vídeo enseña cómo dibujar en perspectiva de una manera sencilla utilizando el concepto de 'caja'. Se explica el uso de ejes XYZ en el espacio 3D y cómo se relacionan con la perspectiva. Se detalla cómo dibujar una escena en perspectiva de un punto, incluyendo cómo establecer la línea del horizonte, el punto de desvanecimiento y cómo dibujar y proyectar cajas en diferentes posiciones y ángulos. Además, se ofrece un ejercicio de calentamiento para practicar dibujar cajas en perspectiva de un punto y se menciona la limitación de esta técnica, que es que las caras frontales de las cajas siempre deben enfrentar al espectador.
Takeaways
- 📦 El aprendizaje de la perspectiva comienza con cajas simples y pasos manejables.
- 🧭 Los ejes XYZ se utilizan para describir la rotación y movimiento de objetos en el espacio 3D.
- 🌅 La línea del horizonte es clave para establecer el entorno en una composición de perspectiva.
- 📍 El punto de fuga es el lugar donde las líneas de un eje convergen en la distancia.
- 🔄 En perspectiva de un punto, los objetos deben extruirse hacia el punto de fuga para ganar profundidad.
- ⬇️ Si una caja está debajo de la línea del horizonte, se ve desde arriba; si está arriba, se ve desde abajo.
- 🔲 Los objetos en perspectiva de un punto tienen siempre su plano frontal paralelo al espectador.
- 🧱 Si la caja está a la derecha, izquierda o directamente debajo del punto de fuga, solo se ven dos planos.
- 🔄 La perspectiva de un punto es útil pero limitada, ya que no permite rotar los objetos sin crear más puntos de fuga.
- 📐 El ejercicio de dibujar cajas en perspectiva de un punto ayuda a practicar la proporción y proyección de líneas.
Q & A
¿Cuál es el primer concepto clave que se debe entender al dibujar en perspectiva?
-El primer concepto clave es el uso de los ejes XYZ en el espacio 3D, donde el eje X representa el ancho, el eje Y la altura y el eje Z la profundidad.
¿Qué es la línea del horizonte en una escena en perspectiva?
-La línea del horizonte es la línea donde el plano del suelo se encuentra con el cielo. Es fundamental para establecer el entorno y puede colocarse en cualquier parte de la página.
¿Qué es el punto de fuga en una escena de perspectiva de un punto?
-El punto de fuga es un punto imaginario donde convergen todas las líneas paralelas de un objeto en una dirección, en este caso a lo largo de uno de los ejes de la caja.
¿Qué sucede cuando una caja está por debajo de la línea del horizonte?
-Cuando una caja está por debajo de la línea del horizonte, estamos viéndola desde arriba, por lo que veremos su plano superior.
¿Cómo se capta la profundidad de una caja en perspectiva de un punto?
-Para captar la profundidad, se extruyen las líneas de los bordes de la caja hacia el punto de fuga y se cierra el plano posterior de la caja con una línea horizontal.
¿Qué indica cuando se dibuja una caja pasando a través de la línea del horizonte?
-Indica que la caja no está ni por encima ni por debajo de la línea del horizonte, por lo que solo veremos su plano lateral.
¿Cómo cambia la perspectiva si se dibuja una caja fuera del centro del punto de fuga?
-Cuando una caja está fuera del centro del punto de fuga, comenzamos a ver más de un plano, como el lateral y el superior o inferior, dependiendo de la posición de la caja.
¿Qué limitación tiene la perspectiva de un punto?
-La principal limitación de la perspectiva de un punto es que el plano frontal de la caja siempre debe mirar directamente al espectador. Esto puede hacer que las escenas con objetos o personajes más complejos se vean poco naturales.
¿Por qué es útil practicar la proyección de líneas hacia el punto de fuga?
-Es útil porque al aprender a proyectar correctamente las líneas, puedes crear cajas que se extienden hacia el espacio, lo que mejora tu capacidad para dibujar objetos tridimensionales de manera precisa.
¿Qué ejercicios recomienda el instructor para mejorar el dominio de la perspectiva?
-El instructor recomienda practicar dibujar cajas en diferentes posiciones usando la perspectiva de un punto, como moverlas hacia arriba, abajo, a la izquierda y derecha, y proyectarlas hacia el fondo.
Outlines
📦 Introducción a la perspectiva con cajas
El mejor método para comenzar a aprender perspectiva es usando cajas. Se desglosa la perspectiva de un punto en pasos simples para facilitar su comprensión. Se introducen conceptos clave como los ejes X, Y y Z para describir posiciones y movimientos en el espacio tridimensional. También se mencionan términos como la línea del horizonte y el punto de fuga, explicando cómo estos influyen en la creación de profundidad al dibujar cajas en una escena de un solo punto de perspectiva.
📐 Proyección y extrusión de cajas en perspectiva
El proceso para dibujar una caja tridimensional comienza con la creación de un rectángulo que luego se extruye hacia el punto de fuga para darle profundidad. Si la caja está por debajo de la línea del horizonte, se ve desde arriba. Si está por encima, se verá desde abajo. El punto clave es proyectar las líneas hacia el punto de fuga y 'tapar' la caja para limitar su extensión. También se explora cómo colocar una caja desplazada a un lado y cómo esto revela otros planos de la caja.
📏 Cajas en diferentes posiciones en el espacio
Se explica cómo dibujar cajas que están alineadas de manera diferente en el espacio, ya sea directamente a la derecha, por debajo o incluso flotando sobre la línea del horizonte. En todos estos casos, se utiliza el mismo método de proyección de líneas hacia el punto de fuga, pero la diferencia en la posición de la caja afecta los planos visibles. Al mover una caja más lejos en el espacio, se hace más pequeña pero sigue manteniendo las mismas relaciones de perspectiva.
📉 Limitaciones de la perspectiva de un punto
Aunque la perspectiva de un punto es simple y útil, tiene limitaciones, ya que la cara frontal de la caja siempre tiene que estar orientada hacia el espectador. Esto la hace adecuada para interiores de habitaciones, pero no tanto para escenas complejas donde los objetos están rotados. En estos casos, es necesario usar la perspectiva de dos puntos para capturar mejor los cambios en la orientación de los objetos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Perspectiva
💡Ejes XYZ
💡Línea del horizonte
💡Punto de fuga
💡Proyección
💡Plano frontal
💡Plano superior
💡Caja
💡Extrusión
💡Capar
Highlights
Best way to start learning perspective is with boxes.
Break down one-point perspective into simple steps.
Goal is to draw in perspective intuitively.
Subscribe for upcoming perspective lessons.
Key concepts: XYZ axis in 3D space for directions, positions, and rotations.
X axis for width, Y axis for height, Z axis for depth.
Horizon line where the ground plane meets the sky.
Vanishing point where edges of an axis converge.
A drawing can have multiple vanishing points.
Start with a horizon line and a single vanishing point for one-point perspective.
Extrude the top line of the box towards the vanishing point to give it depth.
Cap the box with a horizontal line to indicate the back edge.
Shift a box off to the side by drawing another rectangle and extruding lines.
When a box is shifted, start seeing the side plane.
Front planes of boxes must face the viewer in one-point perspective.
Draw a box on the horizon line to see two planes.
One-point perspective is limited as front planes always face the viewer.
One-point perspective is useful for room interiors.
Practice drawing boxes in one-point perspective as a warm-up.
Premium version of the drawing basics course includes more perspective and shading lessons.
Transcripts
the best way to start learning
perspective is with boxes we're going to
break down onepoint perspective into
simple manageable steps this lesson is
the first step in my ultimate goal to
get you to draw in perspective
intuitively that means there's a lot of
perspective stuff coming up so make sure
you're subscribed as always a bunch of
these lessons are going to be free but
if you want the complete experience with
all the extended lessons projects demos
and critique videos you can join at any
time at pro.com /d drawing now let's
make sure we understand some key
Concepts XYZ axis in 3D space we use
axes to talk about directions or
positions or how something is rotating
each axis is a different dimension the x
axis is for width the Y AIS is for
height and the z-axis is for depth they
help us describe where something is or
how it's moving in space so if you're
moving a box along the Y AIS you're
lifting it up or down along this
invisible line if you rotate something
around the x axis it's like spinning it
around that horizontal line imagine a
drill spinning in that direction that's
how the object would turn horizon line
the horizon line is the line where the
ground plane meets the sky this is
typically the first thing you want to
figure out out to establish the
environment it could be anywhere on the
page up here down here it could even be
tilted and this would suggest that you
the viewer are tilted making the
composition more Dynamic vanishing point
this is the imaginary point where all
the edges of one of the axes on a box
converge a drawing can have one
vanishing point two three five Vanishing
points even 27 Vanishing points you can
have as many as you want we're going to
stick to one today and for a while we're
going to keep our Vanishing points on
the horizon line just keep in mind that
as soon as we rotate something up or
down that thing is no longer parallel to
the ground and so the vanishing point
will no longer be on the horizon because
the axis is no longer pointing at the
Horizon so a vanishing point represents
where in the distance the axis is
pointing all right so let's sketch a
simple onepoint perspective scene I'm
going to start with the horizon line
just a simple horizontal line and I'm
going to put a vanishing point single
vanishing point somewhere along that
Horizon just do it right there the first
step for drawing that box is to figure
out that front facing plane so I'm going
to start with a simple rectangle
below the vanishing point so at this
point it's just a rectangle it's not a
three-dimensional form in order to make
it three-dimensional we have to extrude
it we have to give it some depth and
because this is a onepoint perspective
scene we have to extrude everything
towards that one point so this box is
below the horizon line which means we're
looking down at it and we're going to
see the top plane if it was above the
Horizon we'd be looking up at it and we
would see the bottom of it so with this
one we're seeing the top so let's
extrude that Top Lane towards the
vanishing
point like that and so now we have this
box that just keeps going forever into
the distance it never really ends if we
want to end it at some point we could
cap it off just add a horizontal line
say there's that back
Edge once we establish the back Edge
now we know it ends there but those
lines still converge they keep going
even if I didn't draw them all the way
to the point they're still converging
towards the point they just end before
they go all the way to the distance so
what if we wanted to have this box off
to the side not directly below the
vanishing point well let's try it so all
we do is we just draw another
rectangle off to the
side and
extrude these
lines oh that's
ugly and extrude this line to the
corner yeah this is why we had that one
warmup right drawing lines from point to
point if you haven't been practicing
that one maybe you should start
including that in your warm-ups
as you prepare for more perspective
assignments now notice I have a third
line here the bottom one since we're now
shifting this over to the side we're
going to start seeing the side plane a
little bit not just the top plane and so
we added one more Corner
converging and when we cap these off we
draw that back top Edge over here and
from that same Corner over here we can
drop a vertical line and that is the
back edge of this side plane
now okay there you go so now you have
these two boxes side by side this one is
not rotating it's just shifted over to
the side and the reason we know they're
not rotated is because these front
planes are both facing the same
direction right we're seeing the flat
part of both if we we were to actually
rotate this
one it would not be perfectly vertical
and horizontal anymore and so that's one
really important rule for onepoint
perspective is that these front planes
they kind of have to face us otherwise
we'd need to add more Vanishing points
to accommodate for for these other lines
now let's do another one let's do a box
right on the horizon line like passing
through the horizon so let's say it's
right there that
rectangle now we're not below or above
this box and so we're not going to see
the bottom or the top plane instead we
have to
project these
corners and we get a side plane
so it's the same as this box here it's
just that now instead of being directly
below it's directly to the right so
anytime a box is directly below to the
right above or to the left we're only
going to see two of the planes if it's
kind of offset from that then you're
going to see three planes okay now let's
do one more and let's put it above the
Horizon so as if this box is floating up
in the sky or maybe attached to the Sea
ceing some kind of air conditioning unit
or something so we'll start with a
rectangle just vertical and horizontal
lines we're looking up and to the left
and so the bottom and the right planes
are going to be visible
and just cap this off wherever I feel
like
it so there you go now you have four
boxes in the same environment they're
all parallel to each other so the front
faces are all pointing directly at us or
not L at us directly at the plane that
is parallel to us and none of them are
rotated they're all just kind of shifted
to the left to the right up or down so
it's not too hard you just as long as
you have one point somewhere and you can
create rectangles you can then extend
those correct Corners out to that
vanishing point cap them off and you can
get
boxes anywhere you want in that scene I
could say what if I want to make this
box just move back into space well I
could just say okay well it's the exact
same box I'm moving it that way so let's
just put it somewhere farther away I'm
going to put it
here so there's that same rectangle just
smaller because it's farther away
there's your
diminution same convergence towards the
vanishing
point and then you know there are
mathematical rules of you know figuring
out where to cap it off to make it
exactly equal to this that's a little
too complicated for now so let's just do
it by ey let's say it's somewhere like
this that looks like it's the
same relationship between side plane and
front
plane it's close enough for us to be to
Comm Comm unicate what we're trying to
communicate so there you go as long as
we're following those lines we are
pushing that box directly away
from our plane and if I wanted to move
it up or down or left or right I just
drop a
vertical so I'm I'm just moving this
same box
downward and I'm just G to now based off
of this width I'm going to eyeball the
ratio of the width to height again this
is just I'm eyeballing that you can of
course measure that with perfect math
but I'm going to eyeball it make it a
little bit too skinny but you get the
point and then from there now we can
just project it the same as we did with
all the
others this one drops down as well
and there you
go now we have this box going into the
distance and down so not too hard to
just you got a box and you just you want
to move it left right up down one point
perspective is a great tool for this
limitations of one point one point
perspective is very simp simp it's easy
to use but it's very limited because the
front plane of that box always has to
face the viewer it's commonly used for
room interiors when the camera is
directly facing a wall all the furniture
assuming it's parallel to the walls will
go to that one vanishing point but when
we draw complex scenes with characters
and props it's unnatural for everything
to face the viewer perfectly as soon as
we turn in a box and space we now have
not one but two sets of lines converging
to two different Vanishing points could
it be twop point
perspective stay tuned here's a warm-up
draw boxes in onepoint perspective I'm
going to give you guys a project in the
next premium video but for now let's do
this as a warm-up copy this page that I
drew then put it away and try to draw
your own boxes in one point perspective
draw these boxes going up and down and
left and right and into the distance
play with various proportions and
dimensions and remember this is a
warm-up this is something you can repeat
for 5 minutes before any of the upcoming
prospective projects this is also a good
time for me to remind you of all the
warm-ups I already showed you in the
full course that incorporated straight
lines there's a straight taper trace the
ruler and connect the dock
we're going to be drawing a lot of
straight lines in this perspective
section so keep practicing them daily so
that you're comfortable and you can
focus on learning the concepts instead
of struggling with your shaky hand if
you're finally ready to get the premium
version of the drawing Basics course
that's over at pra.com
drawing we've already learned how to
control line weight with three different
methods how to develop confident line
quality habits we've covered shape
including accurate proportions d Dynamic
and interesting shapes and how rhythms
can help you draw better poses many of
the students told me that they've never
improved as fast as they are in this
course and this is just the beginning
we're going to learn all about
perspective and then we're jumping into
shading so come on in join the community
and support the production of more free
videos like this one again that's at
pr.com drawing thank you guys for
watching I'll see you in the next one
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