Sejarah STOIKISME (Stoicism)

Summary

In this lecture, the speaker delves into Stoicism, a philosophical school from ancient Greece. They discuss its origins, key figures like Zeno, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius, and its parallels with Islamic teachings. Stoicism emphasizes accepting fate and aligning with nature’s course. The speaker humorously touches on misconceptions about philosophy and religion, advocating for thoughtful, contextual understanding. They also contrast Stoicism with other philosophies like Epicureanism and Cynicism, highlighting Stoicism's lasting influence and how its rational approach resonates with both Islamic and Christian theological traditions.

Takeaways

• 🎓 The lecture continues with a discussion on Stoicism, a Greek philosophical school of thought contemporary with Epicureanism.
• 📝 Stoicism is often written with a 'c' in English (Stoicism) but pronounced as 'stoikisme' in Indonesian. The name 'stoa' comes from the Greek word for 'porch'.
• 📖 Stoicism is described as one of the most Islamic-like philosophies, even though it originated long before Islam. The speaker refers to Stoic ideas as having strong parallels with Islamic teachings.
• 🤔 The speaker divides philosophy into two types: 'Islamic philosophy' and 'Islamic-like philosophy'. Stoicism is categorized as the latter due to its alignment with Islamic principles when understood in the right context.
• 📚 The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding ideas in their correct context, noting that even seemingly destructive ideas can be beneficial if applied correctly.
• ❓ The speaker addresses concerns about people disliking philosophy, saying it’s normal for some not to appreciate it, and that philosophy is not universally accepted or understood.
• 🌍 Stoicism is presented as a long-lasting philosophy, having existed from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, with famous figures like Zeno, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius.
• 👑 Zeno is recognized as the founder of Stoicism, Epictetus was a slave-turned-philosopher, and Marcus Aurelius was a Roman Emperor who practiced Stoic philosophy.
• 🛤 The lecture hints at the intersection between Stoicism and early Islamic theology, noting that some scholars believe Islamic theological logic was influenced by Stoic reasoning, rather than Aristotelian logic.
• 🔍 The speaker promises to explore more about Stoic philosophy's development and its relevance to both philosophy and religious thought, encouraging further reading and study on the topic.