8085 instructions

Summary

This video covers an introduction to assembly language instructions within the context of computer organization and architecture. It explains the three levels of programming languages: machine language (binary), assembly language (mnemonics), and high-level languages (e.g., C++). The process of converting high-level language to machine language via assembly language is detailed. It delves into the components of assembly language instructions: opcodes (defining operations) and operands (specifying data or variables), and discusses different instruction sets, such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical operations, and branching. It concludes with an overview of addressing modes in assembly language.

Takeaways

• 💻 Assembly language is one of the three levels of programming languages: machine language, assembly language, and high-level language.
• 🔢 Machine language consists of binary code (0s and 1s) that the processor can understand directly.
• ✍️ Assembly language uses symbolic notations, known as mnemonics, to represent instructions.
• 🖥️ High-level languages, like C++ and Java, are similar to English and must be compiled into machine code via assembly language.
• 🛠️ Assembly language instructions are composed of two parts: the opcode (operation code) and the operand (the data or register).
• ➕ An example of an assembly instruction is 'ADD R1, R2, R3', where the opcode is ADD (addition) and the operands are R1, R2, and R3.
• ⚙️ The opcode determines the operation to perform (e.g., addition), and the operand indicates where the data is stored or how it should be used.
• 📑 There are different types of opcodes, including data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and machine control instructions.
• 🚀 Assembly language also involves addressing modes like direct, indirect, register, and immediate, which dictate how operands are accessed.
• 🔍 The assembly instruction set (like 8086) includes various operations such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical operations, and branching.

Q & A

What are the three levels of programming languages mentioned in the script?

The three levels of programming languages are machine language, assembly language, and high-level language.

Why is machine language in the form of zeros and ones?

Machine language is in the form of zeros and ones because the system, specifically the processor, can only understand binary code.

What symbolic elements are used in assembly language?

Assembly language uses symbolic notations called mnemonics, which represent instructions in a readable form for humans.

How is a high-level language converted into machine language?

A high-level language program is first compiled into assembly language, and then the assembly language is interpreted and converted into machine language (binary).

What is an opcode in assembly language?

An opcode in assembly language specifies the operation to be performed, such as addition or subtraction.

What is the role of operands in assembly language?

Operands indicate where to get data and where to store the result after the operation is performed.

What are some examples of data transfer instructions in assembly language?

Examples of data transfer instructions include moving data from a device to an accumulator or transferring data between registers using commands like MOV.

What are the main categories of opcodes in assembly language?

The main categories of opcodes include data transfer, arithmetic operations, logical operations, branching operations, and machine control instructions.

What are some examples of arithmetic and logical operation opcodes?

Examples of arithmetic opcodes include ADD, SUB, and INC, while logical operation opcodes include AND, OR, and CMP.

What is meant by addressing modes in assembly language?

Addressing modes define how the operands are accessed during an operation. Examples include direct, indirect, register, and immediate addressing modes.