Deviance and Social Control YouTube
Summary
TLDRThis video script explores the concept of deviance, which varies across cultures and time. It discusses how societies define and control deviance through formal and informal social controls. The script also covers sociological perspectives on deviance, including functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views. It examines the effectiveness of incarceration for controlling deviance, addressing issues like deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution, and raises questions about societal attitudes towards ex-convicts.
Takeaways
- ๐ Deviance is culturally relative; what's considered deviant in one society may be normal in another.
- ๐ Societal norms and attitudes can change over time, affecting what is seen as deviant behavior.
- ๐ซ Deviance can be enforced through both formal (laws) and informal (social disapproval) social controls.
- ๐ฅ People can be labeled as deviant not by choice but due to inherent characteristics like obesity.
- ๐ฎโโ๏ธ Formal social control agents, such as police, courts, and prisons, are used to impose sanctions on deviant behavior.
- ๐ Degradation ceremonies are public events that impose severe penalties to humiliate and deter deviance.
- ๐งฌ Early theories of deviance were influenced by biological explanations, but today sociologists consider social factors.
- ๐ Functionalist perspective sees deviance as a reaction to social structure failure and a way to reinforce societal norms.
- ๐ Conflict perspective attributes deviance to cultural and class conflict, with laws used to maintain power of the privileged.
- ๐ฅ Interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals learn to be deviant and the impact of being labeled as such.
- ๐ Incarceration aims for incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution of criminals, but effectiveness is debated.
Q & A
What is considered deviant behavior?
-Deviant behavior is any act, attribute, or belief that violates a cultural norm and elicits a reaction from others. It can vary over time and from one society to another.
How does the definition of deviance change across different cultures?
-The definition of deviance can change based on cultural norms, as what is considered deviant in one society may be acceptable in another. For example, attitudes towards alcohol consumption vary widely among different societies.
What role does social control play in managing deviance?
-Social control enforces societal norms through both formal and informal means. Informal social control includes everyday social interactions, while formal social control involves official authority figures like police and courts.
Can you provide an example of a degradation ceremony?
-A degradation ceremony is an event that publicly humiliates someone for violating a norm. Historical examples include the use of stockades, the Scarlet Letter, the Salem Witch Trials, and public executions.
How do sociologists view deviance?
-Sociologists view deviance non-judgmentally, recognizing that society judges certain acts negatively without necessarily agreeing that the act is inherently bad.
What is the functionalist perspective on criminal deviance?
-The functionalist perspective sees criminal deviance as resulting from the failure of social structures to function properly. It also suggests that criminal behavior can reinforce social norms and promote social unity and change.
How does the conflict perspective explain criminal deviance?
-The conflict perspective views criminal deviance as caused by cultural and class conflict, with laws used to maintain the power and privilege of the few over the many. It argues that social inequality is key to understanding criminal behavior.
What is the interactionist perspective on deviance?
-The interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals learn to be criminal and the consequences of being labeled as such. It emphasizes the influence of social interactions and group affiliations on deviant behavior.
What are the four primary reasons for incarcerating criminals?
-The four primary reasons for incarcerating criminals are incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution. Incarceration aims to prevent further harm, deter future criminal behavior, reform offenders, and punish them for their crimes.
What is the controversy surrounding the effectiveness of lengthy prison sentences?
-The effectiveness of lengthy prison sentences is debated because some argue that prisons can nurture deviant behavior rather than reform it. Additionally, the societal reintegration of ex-convicts is challenging due to the stigma they face.
How do plea bargaining and mandatory sentencing affect the criminal justice system?
-Plea bargaining allows criminals to shorten their sentences by pleading guilty in exchange for reduced charges or sentences, reducing costs in the criminal justice system. Mandatory sentencing, such as three-strikes laws, imposes long sentences for repeat offenders to deter recidivism. However, both practices have been criticized for undermining justice and fairness.
Outlines
๐ Understanding Deviance
This paragraph discusses the concept of deviance, which is any behavior, attribute, or belief that goes against societal norms. Deviance can be subjective and varies across different societies and time periods. For instance, attitudes towards alcohol consumption differ significantly among the United States, France, Brazil, and Muslim countries. The paragraph also touches on how societal norms can change, using the evolution of attitudes towards swimwear as an example. It emphasizes that deviance is not just about choice; sometimes, people are labeled as deviant due to uncontrollable factors such as genetics or biology.
๐ฎโโ๏ธ Social Control and Deviance
The second paragraph explores the mechanisms of social control that societies use to enforce norms, including both formal and informal methods. Informal social controls are everyday actions like gossip or ridicule, while formal controls involve official authority figures like police and courts. The concept of the 'degradation ceremony' is introduced as a historical method of social control used to publicly humiliate and penalize those who violate norms. The paragraph also highlights how societal views on what is considered deviant can evolve, using the changing perception of tattoos in the United States as an example.
๐ Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance
This paragraph delves into early theories of deviance, which were influenced by biological explanations for criminal behavior. It then contrasts these with modern sociological perspectives, including functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views. The functionalist perspective sees deviance as a natural outcome of social structure failure, serving to reinforce social norms and unity. The conflict perspective attributes deviance to cultural and class conflicts, arguing that the law is used to maintain power imbalances. Interactionism focuses on how individuals learn and internalize criminal labels, and how this affects their behavior.
๐ข Incarceration and its Purposes
The fourth paragraph examines the reasons societies incarcerate criminals, including incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution. Incapacitation aims to prevent further crime by removing the offender from society. Deterrence is based on the idea that punishment will discourage future criminal behavior. Rehabilitation is about transforming offenders into law-abiding citizens, although the paragraph suggests that prisons often fail at this task. Retribution is about exacting payment for wrongdoing, and the paragraph discusses how societal attitudes towards ex-convicts can hinder their reintegration.
๐ซ The Challenges of Rehabilitation
This paragraph focuses on the challenges of rehabilitating criminals within the prison system. It suggests that prisons can sometimes foster deviant behavior rather than reduce it, as offenders learn from one another. The effectiveness of deterrence is questioned, with the paragraph arguing that the threat of prison may not be a significant factor in preventing initial crimes. It also discusses how societal views on crime and punishment can perpetuate criminal behavior, turning prison time into a status symbol rather than a deterrent.
โ๏ธ The Justice System and its Impact
The final paragraph discusses the role of the justice system in controlling deviance, including the use of plea bargaining and mandatory sentencing laws. Plea bargaining is presented as a way to reduce costs and caseloads within the system, but it is criticized for pressuring individuals to forgo their right to a jury trial. Mandatory sentencing, such as 'three strikes' laws, is intended to deter repeat offenses but can result in excessively harsh sentences for minor infractions. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing that there is no absolute definition of deviance, as it is society's reaction to an act that ultimately defines it as such.
Mindmap
Keywords
๐กDeviant
๐กSocial Norms
๐กSocial Control
๐กSanctions
๐กDegradation Ceremony
๐กCultural Relativity
๐กFunctionalist Perspective
๐กConflict Perspective
๐กInteractionist Perspective
๐กIncapacitation
๐กRehabilitation
๐กRetribution
Highlights
Deviance is defined as any act, attribute, or belief that violates a cultural norm and elicits a reaction.
Society's definition of deviance can vary over time and between different societies.
Sociologists view deviance non-judgmentally, recognizing society's negative judgment of certain acts.
Cultural norms on behaviors like alcohol consumption can differ significantly between societies.
Deviance can be a result of choice, circumstance, or inherent characteristics such as obesity.
Society enforces norms through both formal and informal social controls.
Formal social controls include official authority figures like police, courts, and the correctional system.
Informal social controls are everyday social interactions that encourage conformity.
Degradation ceremonies are public events that impose severe penalties to humiliate offenders.
Tattoos, once a symbol of deviance, have become mainstream fashion statements for some.
Early theories of deviance were influenced by biological explanations for criminal behavior.
Functionalist perspective sees criminal deviance as a result of social structure failure.
Conflict perspective attributes criminal deviance to cultural and class conflict.
Interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals learn to be criminal and the impact of the criminal label.
Prisons aim to incapacitate, deter, rehabilitate, and exact retribution from criminals.
The effectiveness of prison systems in controlling deviance and achieving rehabilitation is debated.
Critics argue that prisons can nurture deviant behavior rather than rehabilitate offenders.
Plea bargaining allows criminals to shorten prison sentences in exchange for a guilty plea.
Mandatory sentencing laws require long sentences for repeat offenders, which can be controversial.
Society's reaction to an act, rather than the act itself, defines deviance.
Transcripts
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fire
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deviant that which departs from
society's Norms whether by
choice by
circumstance or by
Design all of us violate the Norms at
one time or
another how we Define deviant can vary
over time and from one Society to
another societies enforce their version
of accepted Norms through social
controls both formal and
informal deviant can bring about social
change but it also results in major
social problems like
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crime
what is deviant ask a 100 people in your
hometown and you may get similar answers
but ask that same question in Holland
Thailand or Uganda and you may get a
very different set of responses so how
do we Define
deviant deviant is any act attribute or
belief that violates a cultural norm and
elicits from others a positive or
negative reaction deviance is what
people Define as in any given group so
it's impossible to define deviant
without understanding the social fabric
of the group Abraham
Lincoln R sociologists use the term
deviance
non-judgmentally they don't necessarily
agree that an act is bad they just
recognize that Society judges the ACT
negatively behavior that might be
considered quite deviant in one Society
might be totally acceptable in another
Society an example of this is the wide
range of attitudes toward alcohol
consumption among different societies
the minimum drinking age in the United
States is 21 but it's 16 in France and
18 in Brazil in Jamaica there is no
minimum drinking age but in most Muslim
countries alcohol consumption is
forbidden at any age behavior that you
would consider to be deviant at one time
and in one place will not be the case at
another time and in another
place
an example of how a society's definition
of deviant can change over time is our
attitude towards
swimwear in the early 1900s wearing a
swimming suit that revealed much more
than face hands and feet would have been
deviants today attitudes have
changed regardless of what Society seems
normal some people will choose to defy
those
Norms in other cases deviance is not a
matter of
choice people can be uh labeled deviant
for doing nothing at all simply because
they possess a particular
characteristic obesity is a good example
research shows that obesity is often
caused by biological or genetic factors
over which the individual has no
control in order to address deviant
sociey set up systems of formal and
informal social control N9 and 10 of the
sanctions that we experience in the
course of a hour a day are informal the
way in which we frown or smile way in
which we ridicule or try to get people
to engage us in a conversation is a
controlling mechanism if you think about
it almost all of your social life is
spent trying to read the cues of people
around you and we begin as young
children trying to read the cues of our
parents if you live in a small town and
one way to get you to conform to
normality in that town is to gossip
about that person or the fear of Gossip
would make you
conform when laws are broken Society
turns to formal social control formal
control what we mean sociologically is
um uh official authority figures who
have been vested with the power to
impose particular sanctions on people so
formal social control agents would be
the police and the courts and the
correctional system and formal social
controls would be those kinds of
official punishments to get people to
stop doing what they're
doing the degradation ceremony is
another type of social control that has
historically taken a number of forms a
degradation ceremony is um an event that
imposes a severe penalty on someone for
violating a norm it's often done in some
sort of public setting so that inflicts
the greatest amount of humiliation on
the offender every now and again a
society will decide to have a ceremony
in which they formally tell its members
that unless you behave in certain ways
you will be literally degraded so we've
had people put into stockades we've had
The Scarlet Letter we've had the Salem
Witch Trials we've had officers lose
their medals and of course we've had
people execute
it from body language to imprisonment
societies attempt to control deviant a
constant presence in our changing
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world
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hey
suus girls biting a snake in the United
States tattoos were once considered to
be a symbol of a deviant lifestyle but
for some people today tattoos have
become fashion statements it's my newest
tattoo right here in this general
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area
my mama right
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there
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hello the early theories of deviant were
influenced by the belief that the roots
of criminal Behavior were
biological today sociologists use
sociological perspectives to explore
criminal deviant and its many causes
including socialization cultural
conflict and the failure of social
structures according to the
functionalist perspective criminal
deviant results from the failure of
social structures to function properly
functionalism sees all the pieces of
society working together to create
Harmony and when some of the pieces
don't work there's disharmony and
something has to be done to correct the
situation Polie search for open door so
criminal behavior and deviant behavior
is causing the system to go AR and then
those people then have to be sort of
taken out of the system to make things
go back at the balance again
functionalism views criminal deviants as
affirming Norms in a society as well as
promoting social unity and social
change essentially functionist believe
that criminal Behavior reinforces the
moral boundaries of the society in other
words by breaking the the law by
breaking the norm people get to see uh
what the actual boundaries of behavior
are criminal Behavior can serve the
function of actually reinforcing
Conformity on the face of it this
doesn't make sense but what
functionalists argue is that by seeing
the negative reactions to the criminal
Behavior law-abiding citizens have their
own conformity reinforced it unifies
them and it reinforces their bonds to
one
another and finally criminal Behavior
can introduce social change into a
society for instance Steven boo in South
Africa was labeled a criminal because of
his work against apartheid and he was
imprisoned for this this behavior and
actually died in prison but he became a
hero to Black southa Africans and
actually was a moving force in bringing
about the end to apartheid in South
Africa critics of the functionalist
perspective claim it doesn't explain why
most people do not turn to Crime when
they can't afford the things they
want according to the conflict
perspective criminal deviance is caused
by cultural and class conflict and the
law is used to maintain the power and
privilege of the few over the many
conflict theorists begin their work on
criminal Behavior with the assumption
that a person's place in the social
hierarchy affects their life chances as
well as their opportunities including
their opportunities to commit a crime to
uh their chances of getting caught and
their chances of being arrested see some
hands put your hands up they see those
people sometimes as being victims of a
social structure that has caused them to
be victimized
and so that those in power have made the
rules and the rules are there to support
the powerful and the weak are the ones
who are then the victims of those rules
conflict theorists also argue that
people who are in privileged powerful
positions in society have a much greater
chance of escaping being labeled a
criminal regardless of their behavior I
respectfully decline to answer the
questions based on also have a greater
chance of not being arrested not being
convicted and not being imprisoned when
compared to people who are in less
powerful and more disadvantaged groups
in society so for a conflict theorist
the key to understanding criminal
behavior is social
inequality from the interactionist
perspective neither functionalism nor
the conflict perspective account for why
some people become deviant While others
in the same social situation do not
interactionists are interested in how
people learn to be criminal and also the
consequences for individuals of having
the criminal label applied to them one
is labeled criminal other people then
act on the basis of that label and treat
the person as a criminal the
interactionist would view deviant and
criminal Behavior more as like what
happens in terms of the groups that
you're a part of so for inst like if
you're a teenager and you happen to be
in an environment where you hang around
with lots of other teenagers who are
getting in trouble and you live in a
community where there are lots of people
who have problems with the law that
those types of interactions that are
helping to push you into that
direction while each sociological
perspective has merits no single
perspective can fully explain criminal
deviance each perspective focuses on a
different aspect of criminal Behavior or
a criminality so it's like looking
through a prism when you look through a
prism if you turn it you see different
colors or you see things a different way
and that's essentially what combining
the perspectives does for us in
understanding criminal Behavior it lets
us understand different dimensions of
the problem and then by putting it
together we get a much Fuller
picture
as societies become more complex they
develop formal institutions to control
criminal devience police forces courts
and prisons these institutions enforce
formal sanctions in an effort to curb
the Deviant behavior of its members
formal sanctions is when the formal
organizations of the state come in and
use that considerable power to control
your behavior and that starts with
simply detainment you can be arrested
put into a jail cell or prison uh
detained for period it escalates to the
point where there are obviously longer
sentences of 2 5 10 15 years and finally
there is the ultimate sanction of the
death
penalty there is a debate in our society
about the reasons why we put criminals
behind bars as well as the ultimate
goals we hope to achieve Society has
four primary reasons for incarcerating
criminals incapacitation deterrence
Rehabilitation and
retribution incapacitation is the
attempt on the part of the society to
remove the person from the possibility
of doing further harm so imprisonment is
a device to incapacitate the person from
further deviant
I think prisons are most effective at
taking an individual out of society that
can't uh follow the rules or conform to
the the uh guidelines of society and
taking them out of society away from
their families away from their loved
ones in a hope that that they'll look at
what they're doing and maybe make a
change in themselves prisons are
effective in controlling deviant in that
people while they're in prison are not
out there committing crimes prisons are
not affected in terms of changing any of
these
people sociologists argue that one
reason criminals don't change in prison
is because a prison environment actually
nurtures deviant Behavior you have in
prison offenders alog together who are
interacting with one another on a daily
basis so many sociologists argue that
prisons instead of reducing crime um
actually are Learning Centers for
criminal Behavior when individuals go
into the prison system the very first
thing people want to know is what did
you do and once they find out what you
did now they want to tell you how to do
that better so you come out of the
prison system knowing how to commit the
crime that you did
better the second reason for
incarcerating criminals is
deterrence the idea is that by being
punished for their crime they will be
deterred from repeating that behavior
once they're released but at the same
time their example um by them being
incarcerated that will serve as a
deterrent to others in the society that
if they engage in that behavior they'll
meet the same fate the deterrent factor
is important not only for the person who
is personally deterred but because it is
a statement to those who are
watching but the effectiveness of
deterrence is questionable
I think when the offenders are out in
society and they're making decisions of
committing crimes or not I don't know
that they look far enough ahead to see
that prisons are something in their
future I think that they make bad
decisions and then as an afterthought uh
prisons into their mind so I don't see
that they're a huge deterrent in initial
crimes it didn't have any Factor at all
in in uh me committing the crime I
committed never entered my mind and from
the general population know what I see
and here I don't think anybody pays any
attention to the time at all who has a
an imminent release date one most of the
time when I committed a crime I was
under the influence of alcohol or drugs
and I didn't think uh of the
consequences at all I just went ahead
and did it speaking for my own
self being on the street and never being
in prison at that time I would I don't
think that it would scared
me with our younger generation now
coming in who aren't afraid it becomes
more of a status symbol for them that I
have been to the big house and they go
back into their neighborhoods and
they're looked up to that they've been
to prison and that's the kind of culture
we're coming into now to where it's a
status symbol to go to prison and so
it's not deterring crime it in some ways
it perpetuates and enhances crime and
the criminal element within our
society
the third reason for incarceration is
Rehabilitation this is the idea that we
can take an offender take them out of
the environment in which they were
offending and with the proper care and
treatment we can change them into a
law-abiding citizen the penitentiary
comes from the term penitence the idea
was that you would put the person in
this Penitentiary and they would be
reformed they would have penitence
only since the 1950s has the concept of
Rehabilitation been considered a task of
the prison system by most accounts
little Rehabilitation is taking place we
don't know how to rehabilitate them all
the methods of Rehabilitation that we've
tried really don't don't work and so
that leaves us with the current
situation of where we are just geared
toward locking them up keeping them out
of society and essentially punishing
them for their crime you just can't
bring them in here and expect them
through osmosis to be rehabilitated you
have to look at their their level of
Education are they being educated in the
proper way are they learning a skill are
they learning to read right are they
learning to work within Society if you
take a car that's been wrecked and you
just stick it in the garage get it fixed
it's still
wrecked uh and that's that's mostly what
we are we're just stuck inside a
building and just nothing ever happens
it's really Insanity to think that just
because you lock a man up for 3 four
five years and he come out he's going to
get better when the environment he's in
is really a terrible environment and
where he can pick up bad habits worse
than what he was when he first came in
if he's not rehabilitating is to have
many experts agree that Rehabilitation
can work if prisoners commit themselves
to it in terms of Rehabilitation the
prison are only as effective as the
offenders themselves we offer substance
abuse programming we offer educational
opportunities vocational opportunities
but it always comes back to the
individual whether they're willing to
accept that knowledge or take that
knowledge and use it toward betterment
of themselves if they choose to do so
then it it's certainly effective for
them but if they choose not to then uh
again they're right back where they
started when they got here by us doing
that and complying with that and doing
it openly I do not believe that prison
rehabilitation individual I believe that
individuals rehabilitate themselves by
being active in the programs that the
the prison systems offer I've learned a
lot about myself and a lot about why I
use drugs and have taken the initiative
myself to uh to turn myself around
because of this stuff was available to
me if it hadn't been available to me I
don't think I would have ever got to the
root of the problem why I committed the
crimes I
did the the fourth reason for
incarcerating criminals is the reason
that is given the most support nowadays
and that's retribution and another way
of saying that is simply Revenge this is
to punish the offender for what they've
done wrong retribution is based in our
other kind of spiritual understandings
of Vengeance and the role of society and
exacting some
payment some experts argue that
retribution can continues even after an
individual has served his or her time
our society is not very forgiving of
people who have been incarcerated
theoretically once a person has done
their time they're supposed to be
reintegrated into society but in
practice our society gives
ex-convicts very few opportunities to
lead law-abiding lives they are going to
have a very hard time getting a job that
pays enough uh for them to support
themselves and their family if they have
one most employers have rules about
telling the truth about
your past in terms of your imprisonment
so if you lie and say you've not been a
prisoner you're in danger if you tell
the truth and say that you have been a
prisoner your chance of employment are
minimal it's this this extraordinary
interaction that makes the Exelon so
vulnerable to a life of continued
felonious Behavior many people simply
don't trust people who have been
convicted of a crime you come out and
you are still viewed as a criminal once
a criminal is always a criminal it's
hard for them to rent rent a house it's
hard for them to get a job it's hard for
them to uh to travel it's hard for them
to do things because of that stigma that
I'm an excon and so we don't welcome
them back into society as someone who
has paid their dues has paid for their
crime and is back out to try again we
don't give them a second
chance while Society has a number of
reasons for controlling deviant these
reasons as well as the effectiveness of
prison systems as a type of formal
social control remain
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controversial
many of the decisions regarding how much
jail time criminals serve are the result
of plea bargaining agreements and
mandatory sentencing laws the so-called
three strikes and your Outlaws require
mandatory sentences for repeat offenders
three strikes laws were enacted to try
to deter people from repeating serious
offenses the underlying philosophy is
that once an individual has committed
three usually felony offenses they are
given long mandatory sentences it is
your duty to follow the law there are
some judges and some juries which refuse
to convict on the third strike because
of the what they regard as the Draconian
implications of the third strike being
an imprisonment for let's say 25 or 30
years there was a case here in
California where someone stole uh candy
bar as his third strike and the courts
decided the jury and the judge decided
that they would not convict because if
they did convict they would be forced to
put the person in prison for an
additional 30 years you be 3 years of
formal probation also would be five
months in the county jail in contrast to
mandatory sentencing plea bargaining
allows criminals to shorten their prison
sentences further ple bargaining is the
process whereby the accused agrees to
guilty in exchange for lowering of the
charges a reduction of the charges
against him or her or um a more lenient
sentence so for inst like if you're
being charged with murder and it was
first-degree murder it was premeditated
murder you plead guilty to Second
deegree murder which would be murder
that just happen spontaneously out of an
argument you're hereby waving those
rights and you're giving up these rights
in order to enter your plea of guilty
plea bargaining reduces costs in the
criminal justice system because the
further one goes in the criminal justice
process the more expensive the process
becomes to the state and by entering
this plea today you would be giving up
that right probably the most serious
criticism against plea bargaining is
that it's subverts one of the central
principles of our justice system that is
plea bargaining places a lot of pressure
on a person to forgo their
constitutional right to a jury trial
just to get the charges reduced
or the sentence reded poor people in
particular are most vulnerable to this
problem because they can't afford
private attorneys they have to rely on
overworked and underpaid public
defenders and the research shows that
private attorneys are much more
successful in securing acquittals for
their clients than public defenders
are as long as our society wants to
control offenders while also trying to
lighten the load of an overworked
Judicial System mandatory sentencing and
plea bargaining will continue to help
determine how much jail time criminals
serve our behavior is influenced by
norms and all of us at some time or
another depart from these Norms Society
sees deviance whether it's in the form
of a tattoo or a felony crime as a
threat and uses informal and formal
means of controlling it police in the
United States Society tries to control
criminal deviant by focusing on
incarceration but the effectiveness of
lengthy prison sentences is frequently
debated in the end there is no absolute
definition of deviant for it is
society's reaction to an act not the act
itself that defines
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deviant
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oh
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