Dunia Pendidikan Jadi Rapor Merah 10 Tahun Pemerintahan Jokowi

Summary

Former Vice President Yusuf Kalla (JK) criticized Indonesia's Minister of Education, Nadiem Makarim, for not understanding the education sector, despite substantial budget allocations. JK's remarks followed declining scores in the 2022 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), showing Indonesia’s students lagging in literacy, math, and science. Critics argue the government has not addressed fundamental issues in education, despite a significant budget exceeding 600 trillion Rupiah annually. Both JK and Finance Minister Sri Mulyani urged better management of education funds and leadership, as the country's education quality continues to decline.

Takeaways

• 📉 Indonesia's education system faces criticism, with the country scoring poorly in international assessments such as PISA, particularly in literacy, math, and science.
• 📊 The 2022 PISA results show that Indonesia's reading score dropped to 359, math to 366, and science to 383, all below the government's targets.
• 📉 The literacy, math, and science scores have decreased compared to previous years, raising concerns about the country's education quality.
• ⚠️ Former Vice President Yusuf Kalla criticized Education Minister Nadiem Makarim for not fully understanding the field, stating that high education funding is ineffective without proper leadership.
• 📉 Indonesia’s education spending is mandated to be 20% of the national budget, yet its realization has not consistently reached 100% in recent years.
• 👨‍🏫 Nadiem's educational policies, including the 'Merdeka Belajar' curriculum, have been criticized by teachers and parents for poor implementation and insufficient support.
• 💼 Criticisms also extend to issues like underpaid teachers, the prevalence of online loans, and unresolved status of honorary teachers.
• 🌍 Indonesia lags behind other ASEAN countries in reading proficiency, with neighboring countries like Singapore performing significantly better.
• 💰 The Ministry of Finance has questioned the allocation of the 20% mandatory education budget, suggesting it needs to be reassessed to ensure proper use.
• 📉 Yusuf Kalla highlighted that frequent curriculum changes and unaddressed fundamental problems are key reasons for the stagnation of Indonesia's education system.

Q & A

What was the main criticism of Minister of Education Nadiem Makarim by former Vice President Yusuf Kalla (JK)?

Yusuf Kalla criticized Nadiem Makarim for not truly understanding the field of education. He argued that regardless of the budget, it would be ineffective without the right leadership. Kalla also pointed out that Nadiem rarely visits regions and lacks direct engagement with educational issues.

What are the key concerns raised by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) report regarding Indonesia’s education system?

The PISA report highlighted a decline in Indonesian students' performance in literacy, mathematics, and science, with scores in all areas dropping compared to previous years. Indonesia’s scores were significantly below the OECD average, indicating ongoing challenges in the country's education system.

How did Indonesia's PISA scores for reading, mathematics, and science change between 2018 and 2022?

Indonesia's reading score dropped from 396 to 359, a 12-point decline. The mathematics score decreased from 388 to 366, a 13-point drop. For science, the score fell from 402 to 383, a decrease of 12 points.

How does Indonesia's education system compare to other ASEAN countries according to the 2022 PISA report?

Indonesia's reading performance was significantly lower than other ASEAN countries, with a score of 359. In contrast, Singapore scored 543, putting Indonesia far behind in literacy and overall educational quality.

What explanation did Nadiem Makarim provide regarding Indonesia’s drop in PISA scores?

Nadiem Makarim acknowledged the decline in scores but argued that Indonesia's decrease was relatively smaller compared to the global average, citing that the world’s average dropped by 18 points, while Indonesia only experienced a 12-point decline. He credited the resilience of teachers and the ministry's pandemic response programs.

What was the main issue Yusuf Kalla emphasized regarding education governance in Indonesia?

Yusuf Kalla emphasized that there are fundamental problems in the governance of Indonesia's education system that have not been addressed. He criticized the repetitive nature of education reforms, such as changing curricula without substantial changes in content, and the ineffective use of the education budget.

What were the budget allocation trends for education in Indonesia from 2019 to 2023?

The education budget, mandated at 20% of the national budget, showed a trend of underutilization, with none of the yearly allocations reaching 100% realization. In 2022, only 77.3% of the allocated Rp621.28 trillion was utilized.

What did Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani suggest regarding the education budget allocation?

Sri Mulyani questioned the effectiveness of the current 20% mandatory spending on education and suggested that it should be re-evaluated. She argued that the allocation should be taken from state revenue rather than from the national expenditure, citing inefficiencies in the current system.

What were some of the criticisms of Nadiem Makarim’s policies during his tenure as Minister of Education?

Criticisms included the lack of support for teachers, especially those on low salaries who were forced to take loans, and the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar (Freedom to Learn) curriculum, which was seen as confusing and poorly communicated. There were also concerns about the mismanagement of education budgets and unresolved issues with temporary teachers.

What are the potential long-term consequences if the current trends in Indonesia’s education system continue, according to the report?

If the current trends persist, Indonesia risks facing a 'demographic disaster' instead of the anticipated 'demographic bonus' by 2030–2040. The low quality of education could result in a workforce that is unprepared for the demands of a modern economy, negatively impacting the country’s development.