Kronologi peristiwa masa akhir orde baru || Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 12

Guru Creator

20 Aug 202104:43

Summary

TLDRThis video provides an insightful lesson on the final phase of Indonesia's New Order era, aimed at 12th-grade students. It highlights both internal and external factors contributing to the regime's collapse, such as economic stagnation, corruption, and the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Key events, including massive demonstrations, the Trisakti student shootings, and significant political pressure, are covered. The video also outlines the resignation of President Soeharto on May 21, 1998, marking the end of the New Order and the beginning of Indonesia's Reform Era, with a focus on transitioning to a more democratic government.

Takeaways

📚 The video discusses the history of Indonesia for 12th-grade students, focusing on the end of the New Order era.
🌍 External factors that contributed to the fall of the New Order include the 1997 financial crisis in Thailand, which affected many Asian countries, including Indonesia.
💸 Internal factors included Indonesia's stagnant economy, where the currency value dropped significantly, leading to mass layoffs and bankruptcies.
⚖️ The government under Suharto faced widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
📅 On March 11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as President of Indonesia in the MPR General Session.
✊ From March to May 1998, massive demonstrations took place in major cities like Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar, demanding Suharto's resignation.
🎓 On May 12, 1998, a protest at Trisakti University resulted in the death of several students, escalating tensions.
🔥 On May 14-15, 1998, riots erupted in Jakarta and Solo, with widespread looting and chaos.
👥 Key public figures, such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid, urged Suharto to resign and return state assets.
🚨 On May 21, 1998, Suharto officially resigned, and his presidency was succeeded by B.J. Habibie, marking the end of the New Order and the beginning of the Reform era.

Q & A

What external factor contributed to the fall of the New Order in Indonesia?
-The external factor was the financial crisis that began in Thailand in 1997, which impacted the exchange rates of currencies in Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
What was one of the key internal factors that led to the decline of the New Order in Indonesia?
-One key internal factor was the stagnation of Indonesia's economy, which resulted in a sharp decline in the value of its currency and led to the bankruptcy of many companies, causing mass layoffs.
How did corruption, collusion, and nepotism affect the government during the New Order era?
-Corruption, collusion, and nepotism were widespread in the government, which further weakened its credibility and contributed to public dissatisfaction.
What significant event happened on May 12, 1998, during the protests against the New Order?
-On May 12, 1998, a student from Trisakti University was shot during a demonstration, an event that escalated public outrage and intensified protests.
What happened on May 14-15, 1998, in response to the protests against the New Order?
-On May 14-15, 1998, riots broke out in Jakarta and Solo, resulting in widespread looting, and thousands of students protested, calling for Suharto to step down.
Who were some of the prominent figures that pressured Suharto to resign?
-Prominent figures such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid urged Suharto to resign and return his wealth to the state.
What was the role of the Indonesian parliament (MPR/DPR) in the protests during May 1998?
-On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR to address the political crisis and Suharto's resignation.
What was Suharto's response to the escalating protests and demands for his resignation?
-Suharto attempted to form a 'Reform Cabinet' to address the growing unrest, but this move did not stop the protests, and many ministers resigned from his cabinet.
When did Suharto officially step down from his position as president?
-Suharto officially resigned from the presidency on May 21, 1998, after mounting pressure from protests and political figures.
What was the significance of Suharto's resignation for Indonesia?
-Suharto's resignation marked the end of the New Order era and the beginning of the Reformation Era, a new chapter in Indonesia's history focused on building a more democratic government.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Indonesia's Historical Transition

The speaker introduces the video, welcoming viewers and outlining the topic: the fall of the New Order in Indonesia, which is a history lesson for 12th-grade students. The fall of the New Order is influenced by both external and internal factors, including the 1997 Asian financial crisis that affected several countries, including Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Internally, Indonesia's stagnant economy led to a drastic drop in currency value, causing widespread company bankruptcies and massive layoffs (PHK). Additionally, issues of corruption, collusion, and nepotism plagued the government.

📝 Chronology of the Fall of the New Order

The speaker continues by describing the key events leading to the end of the New Order regime. On March 11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as president during the MPR general session. However, protests demanding Suharto's resignation erupted in various cities like Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar. On May 12, 1998, a tragedy occurred when a student from Trisakti University was shot during a demonstration. This incident triggered more unrest, including looting in Jakarta and Solo, and further protests calling for Suharto's resignation.

📢 Pressure Mounts for Suharto's Resignation

The speaker highlights the growing pressure on Suharto from key public figures like Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid, who urged him to step down and return his wealth to the state. On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR. Suharto attempted to form a reform cabinet, but there was still no resolution to the growing crisis.

🚶 Cabinet Members Resign, Protests Intensify

On May 20, 1998, 14 ministers from Suharto's cabinet resigned, further weakening his government. In Yogyakarta, a long march took place, while protests in Jakarta were canceled to avoid further unrest. The situation was becoming increasingly untenable for Suharto.

📅 Suharto's Resignation and the End of the New Order

Finally, on May 21, 1998, Suharto officially announced his resignation from the presidency, marking the end of the New Order regime. His position was taken over by Professor B.J. Habibie. With Suharto's resignation, Indonesia transitioned from the New Order era to the Reform era, opening the way for a new, more democratic government system.

🎓 Conclusion: A New Chapter for Indonesia

The speaker concludes by summarizing the fall of the New Order and the beginning of the Reform era, which offered Indonesia an opportunity to rebuild a more democratic governance structure. This marks a significant moment in Indonesian history, closing one chapter and starting another. The lesson for the day ends with this reflection.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Orde Baru

The 'Orde Baru' or 'New Order' refers to the authoritarian regime of President Suharto in Indonesia, which lasted from 1966 to 1998. This period is marked by centralized power, economic development, and political repression. The video discusses the end of the Orde Baru, highlighting its collapse due to internal and external pressures.

💡Krisis Ekonomi Asia 1997

The 'Asian Financial Crisis of 1997' was a period of financial turmoil that began in Thailand and spread across Asia, impacting countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This crisis severely devalued local currencies, including the Indonesian rupiah, leading to economic stagnation and widespread unemployment. The video links this external factor to the downfall of Suharto's regime.

💡Stagnasi Perekonomian Indonesia

'Stagnasi Perekonomian Indonesia' refers to the stagnation of Indonesia's economy during the late 1990s, marked by the weakening of the rupiah, corporate bankruptcies, and mass layoffs. This economic hardship fueled public dissatisfaction and contributed to the protests demanding political change.

💡Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN)

'KKN' stands for corruption, collusion, and nepotism, which were rampant during Suharto’s New Order. These practices led to widespread public resentment, especially as the economic crisis worsened. The video highlights KKN as one of the internal factors contributing to the regime’s collapse.

💡Demonstrasi 1998

The '1998 Demonstrations' were mass protests across Indonesia demanding Suharto's resignation. These demonstrations, driven by students and the public, took place in cities like Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. They were a crucial factor in the political upheaval leading to Suharto’s fall from power.

💡Penembakan Mahasiswa Trisakti

The 'Trisakti Student Shootings' occurred on May 12, 1998, when several students from Trisakti University were shot by security forces during a protest. This event sparked outrage and intensified the demands for Suharto’s resignation. It is a pivotal moment in the video’s narration of the end of the New Order.

💡Kerusuhan Mei 1998

The 'May 1998 Riots' were violent incidents, including looting and arson, that took place in cities like Jakarta and Solo. These riots were fueled by economic hardship and political instability, and they played a significant role in pressuring Suharto to step down.

💡Kabinet Reformasi Pembangunan

The 'Kabinet Reformasi Pembangunan' was a proposed reform cabinet suggested by Suharto in a last-ditch effort to appease protesters. Despite his attempt to form this cabinet, the pressure from the public and political elites eventually forced him to resign.

💡Sidang Umum MPR 1998

The '1998 MPR General Session' was a legislative session in which Suharto was re-elected as president in March 1998. However, this was met with protests, and his legitimacy quickly eroded as demonstrations intensified, leading to his eventual resignation in May.

💡Reformasi

'Reformasi' refers to the political reform movement in Indonesia that emerged after the fall of Suharto in 1998. It aimed to establish a more democratic system, reduce corruption, and ensure greater political freedom. The video marks the transition from the New Order to the Reformasi era as a key turning point in Indonesian history.

Highlights

Introduction to Indonesian history lesson for grade 12, focusing on the end of the New Order (Orde Baru) era.

The external factors that contributed to the fall of the New Order, including the economic crisis that began in Thailand in 1997, which destabilized the currency exchange rates in several Asian countries, including Indonesia.

Internal factors such as Indonesia's stagnant economy and the drastic devaluation of the rupiah, which led to mass bankruptcies and widespread layoffs (PHK).

Widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN) within the government during the New Order.

The timeline of events leading to the fall of the New Order: March 1-11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as president during the MPR general session.

Between March and May 1998, massive demonstrations took place in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Makassar, and other cities demanding Suharto's resignation.

On May 12, 1998, a tragic event occurred where students from Trisakti University were shot during a demonstration.

On May 14-15, 1998, riots broke out in Jakarta and Solo, with looting in several places as thousands of students demonstrated for Suharto’s resignation.

Key political figures such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid called for Suharto to resign and return his wealth to the state.

On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR.

Suharto attempted to form a Reform Development Cabinet but did not immediately resign.

On May 20, 1998, 14 ministers from the Development Cabinet decided to resign, and long marches were held in Yogyakarta, though they were canceled in Jakarta to avoid further unrest.

On May 21, 1998, Suharto announced his resignation as president, marking the end of the New Order era.

Suharto was succeeded by Professor B.J. Habibie, ushering in the Reformation Era (Era Reformasi).

The collapse of the New Order government opened a new chapter for Indonesia to establish a more democratic system of governance.