Migration Theories
Summary
TLDRThis video explores migration theories, focusing on both international and internal migration patterns. It explains the economic and cultural reasons driving migration, particularly from developing to developed countries, and distinguishes between guest workers and unauthorized migrants. The video delves into internal migration, comparing rural-to-urban movement in developing countries with suburbanization in developed nations. Ravenstein's migration theory and Zelinsky's migration transition model are also introduced, emphasizing how migration patterns align with different stages of economic and societal development. Key migration factors, theories, and patterns are foundational for understanding global movement trends.
Takeaways
- π Migration can be international or internal, with different patterns and reasons behind each type.
- πΌ International migration often involves movement from developing countries to developed ones, primarily for economic opportunities.
- ποΈ Internal migration in developing countries tends to follow a rural-to-urban pattern, as people move to cities for job prospects.
- ποΈ In developed countries, internal migration usually involves people moving from cities to suburban areas for lifestyle improvements.
- π± Rural-to-urban migration in developing countries creates challenges like overcrowding and insufficient infrastructure in cities.
- π Suburban migration in developed countries is driven by preferences for quieter environments, more space, and better living conditions.
- πΆ Ravenstein's theory of migration suggests that most people prefer to migrate short distances within their own country if possible.
- 𧳠When people do migrate long distances, they tend to move toward cities or regions with more economic opportunities.
- π¨ Zelinsky's migration transition model links migration patterns to stages of economic development, with economic opportunity driving migration in Stage 2.
- π Understanding migration patterns, push-pull factors, and the theories behind migration is crucial for analyzing global movement trends.
Q & A
What are the main reasons people migrate?
-People migrate due to economic, cultural, and sometimes forced or voluntary reasons. Push factors drive them away from their original location, while pull factors attract them to a new one.
What is international migration and what drives it?
-International migration involves moving from one country to another, usually for economic reasons. Most migration occurs from developing countries to developed countries in search of better opportunities.
What are guest workers and unauthorized migrants?
-Guest workers are migrants who are allowed to work in a foreign country for a specific period, while unauthorized migrants enter or stay in a country without legal permission. Both groups are part of international migration.
What is internal migration, and how is it different from international migration?
-Internal migration occurs within a country's borders, whereas international migration involves crossing into another country. Internal migration can be inter-regional (moving from one region to another) or intra-regional (moving within the same region).
What is the main pattern of internal migration in less developed countries (LDCs)?
-In LDCs, the primary internal migration pattern is from rural to urban areas. People move to cities for economic opportunities, often leading to overcrowded mega-cities with inadequate infrastructure.
How does internal migration differ in more developed countries (MDCs)?
-In MDCs, internal migration often involves people moving from cities to suburbs for lifestyle reasons, such as better living conditions, more space, and safety. This is known as counter-urbanization.
What role do transportation and telecommunications play in migration in developed countries?
-In developed countries, advancements in transportation (like highways) and telecommunications (like remote work capabilities) have enabled people to live farther from cities and still access jobs, leading to urban sprawl.
What is Ravenstein's theory of migration?
-Ravenstein's theory suggests that most migrants relocate short distances within the same country. Those who travel long distances usually move to areas with significant economic activity, such as large cities.
What is Zelinsky's migration transition theory?
-Zelinsky's theory connects migration patterns to the demographic transition model. In Stage 1, people migrate in search of food. In Stage 2, they migrate for economic opportunities, and in Stages 3 and 4, they migrate for better living conditions.
What are the key differences between migration patterns in LDCs and MDCs?
-In LDCs, migration is driven by economic survival, with people moving to cities for jobs. In MDCs, migration is more lifestyle-based, with people moving to suburbs for better living conditions, space, and safety.
Outlines
π Introduction to Migration Theories
The video begins with a welcome message, highlighting the importance of viewing the content on specific platforms based on the viewer's experience level. The primary focus is on migration theories, building on previous discussions about the reasons behind migration, including economic, cultural, and other factors. The essential question explored is why people migrate, emphasizing the push and pull factors from both the origin and destination locations. The speaker then introduces the concept of international migration, often driven by economic motives, particularly from developing to developed countries, creating categories such as guest workers and unauthorized migrants. The video then shifts to internal migration within countries, differentiating between inter-regional (movement between regions) and intra-regional (movement within a region) migrations.
π‘ Internal Migration Patterns in Developing and Developed Worlds
This section delves into the distinct patterns of internal migration in developing and developed countries. In developing countries, migration is primarily from rural to urban areas due to economic opportunities, leading to rapid urbanization and issues like squatter settlements. Conversely, in developed countries, people tend to move from cities to suburbs for lifestyle reasons, not economic ones. Factors such as better living conditions, safety, and more space drive this 'counter-urbanization' trend, enabled by efficient transportation and telecommunication systems. The section concludes by comparing these migration patterns and discussing the concept of 'intervening opportunities' in the migration process.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Migration
π‘Push and Pull Factors
π‘International Migration
π‘Internal Migration
π‘Developed World
π‘Developing World
π‘Urbanization
π‘Suburbanization
π‘Rural-to-Urban Migration
π‘Ravenstein's Migration Theory
Highlights
Introduction to migration theories, push and pull factors behind migration.
Main reasons for migration: economic, cultural, forced, and voluntary migration.
International migration is primarily from the developing world to the developed world, mostly for economic purposes.
Two types of international migrants: guest workers and unauthorized migrants.
Internal migration occurs within a country, classified into inter-regional and intra-regional.
In developing countries, internal migration is mainly rural-to-urban for economic reasons.
Migration to mega cities in developing countries causes issues like squatter settlements and overburdened infrastructure.
Developed countries experience suburbanization, with migration motivated by lifestyle rather than economic factors.
The role of transportation and telecommunications in developed world migration patterns, facilitating suburbanization.
Ravenstein's migration theory: most migrants move short distances within the same country, long-distance migrants move to areas with major economic activity.
Zelinsky's migration transition theory ties migration to the demographic transition model.
Stage 1 migration is for food, Stage 2 for economic opportunities, and Stage 3-4 for better living conditions.
Difference between international and internal migration patterns in developed and developing countries.
Push-pull factors differ for internal migration in more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs).
Building blocks for understanding migration theories and patterns will be referenced in future discussions.
Transcripts
all right everybody welcome back to
another episode of bears guide to five
now remember the first time you should
be watching this is on canvas through
edpuzzle
but if this is your second third fourth
fifth sixth seventieth time watching my
videos because you just love them
you should be watching it on youtube
okay so today we're going to talk about
migration theories now in the previous
video we talked about why people migrate
the push and pull
the economic cultural reasons for it and
the ideas of forced
and voluntary migration but this time
we're going to look at more of the
theory behind
it and break down some more ways to
describe
migration essentially remember the
essential question is always is
why do people migrate you know and we're
slowly discovering
that it's economic reasons that there
are cultural reasons
that there are reasons in the
destination location that pulled them
there
there's reasons in the starting location
that pushed them out
and we know that there's stuff that gets
in the way
but now what we're going to look at is
uh like the travel distance or the
patterns of migration so the first one
we look at is
international migration so international
migration going from one country
to another generally this is for
economic purposes
and generally it's between the
developing world to the developed world
you don't see people in the developed
world leaving developed countries
for jobs in other developed countries
right it
that's just generally not how it works
it's most the time from the developing
world they see the economic opportunity
so it pulls them to that country right
and whatever push factors are pushing
them out
now this creates two types of immigrants
you have the guest workers
who and we'll talk about guest workers
in the future and then we have
unauthorized migrants which we'll talk
about that in the future
the other type of migration and the one
we're going to spend a little more time
on
is internal migration now this is inside
of a country
so we're done with international
migration we've done that we know
international
is uh the developing world to the
developed
ldc to mdc now we're talking about
inside countries
right now inside countries you can have
inter-regional one region of the country
to another
or intra-regional movement within a
region so for example for using the
united states
say um you know you stay one region to
another you move from the east coast to
the west coast
or from the south to the north but intro
regional inside of a region say
you live on the east coast and you move
to a different part of the east coast
well you're still in that region of the
east coast that's all this means
but now let's look at the two patterns
of internal migration
ldcs so there's a pattern of internal
migration
inside the developing world and inside
the developed world
inside the developing world it is rural
to urban migration
right that rural countryside
lots of farming to urban areas where you
have cities and infrastructure and
factories and so on and so forth
and this is what we see now once again
mostly for
economic reasons people are choosing to
leave the rural areas
of their countries to move to those
cities because there's opportunities
there now because of all the economic
opportunities and because of
the lack of development throughout the
whole country
there's only so many cities that people
can move to for economic opportunity and
what happens is that
all of these people move there in the
developing world which we know the
developing world has huge
population growth so you have a massive
amount of people
migrating from these rural areas into
these mega cities because there's just
so many people
and it ends up creating things like
squatter settlements and they can't
handle it with the infrastructure
and all the stuff we're going to talk
about way in the future but you just
have to understand the migration pattern
first
to eventually get to those topics now
because of this
this is why the developing world is
urbanizing or growing cities
faster than the developing world because
the thing is in the in the developed
world we're not
building our cities as fast anymore and
we'll talk about the reasons why the
migration pattern in the next slide
but i want to stay focused on ldc's
so i want you to consider this like an
intervening opportunity
right when people are moving
internationally
for economic purposes say they move from
the rural countryside
and they stop in a city in the ldc where
from there there's the ways to travel
to new countries there's the
opportunities there to get the paperwork
done and there's opportunities there to
make some money
well what happens is that maybe they
stay in that urban area
they start making money they live
comfortably and they go you know what
i'm just not going to leave here because
everybody speaks the same language
around me they practice the same
religion they have the same views as me
i'm still in my home country
so i'm just gonna stay here and that's
why we see a lot of rule
to urban migration in the developing
world
where on the other hand in the developed
world we are not
moving to the urban area everybody isn't
flocking to cities
they're flocking to the suburbs the sub
urban suburbs right because it's the
neighboring areas around cities where
there's houses and there's less traffic
and there's less people
and it's really nice now
this does not happen for economic
purposes people don't move out to the
suburbs because they're like yeah i want
to get a job in the suburbs right they
move out to the suburbs for lifestyle
reasons or environmental reasons
right they don't want to be in a city
it's this counter urbanization movement
people want to move out of the city
where it's nice and quiet there's more
space
there's better schools there's more
safety you can raise a family you know
you get the house with the picket fence
and you get a dog and you raise the kids
but what also allows this to happen is
how we
do transportation in the developed world
the fact that we have highways
the fact that we have telecommunications
where people can work at home
and you know um zoom into an office or
whatever
right so this also explains why north
america had this urban sprawl problem
where our suburbs just exploded
everywhere
and people can move wherever they want
so understand there's
two patterns there's the pattern of the
developing world and there's the pattern
of migration in the developed world
in the developing world it's all about
money and living and surviving
in the developed world we really just
moved to the suburbs because for
lifestyle reasons
so as always there's another theory this
guy ravenstein came up with
uh the migration theory that or the
theory of the migrant
right that one most migrants will
relocate a short distance and remain
within the same country
yet no one wants to travel long
distances to new countries like no one
wants to
completely abandon their life if they
can they want to stay in the same
country and travel a short distance
but if they are going to travel a long
distance they are going to head to a
place of major economic activity or big
cities
right we experience a lot or we talk a
lot about migration in the us because we
know we have a lot of migration from
latin america
generally those people migrating from
latin america are going to big cities
along the southern border they're not
going all the way up to north dakota
where nothing is there and there's no
economic opportunity or big cities
right that's why um even we have to
discuss it so much living in florida
especially tampa
the other characteristics of a migrant
the theory is that uh
most are inter most international
migrants are adult males
and they're generally traveling by
themselves not with families not with
females
just happens to be the trend
now of course there's more theories we
have zelensky's migration transition
which
follows the demographic transition model
so it's important you know that
demographic transition model in the four
stages
because this guy said in stage one the
reason why people migrate in search of
food
in stage two it's economic opportunity
and we saw this
or we will be seeing this when we talk
about the migration into the united
states because stage two was the reason
we got so many
migrants from around the world and then
stage three and four the developed
nations
people move for better living conditions
so it's basically what i've just said
about everything we're just
applying it now to the demographic
transition model
so what do you need to know today you
need to know the difference between
international
and internal migration remember we
talked about the major pattern of
international which is developing to
develop
but understand the internal migration
patterns in the developed world and in
the developing world
you have to be able to explain what gets
people to move
internationally where they're coming
from and where they're going and why
and then finally understand the reasons
for internal migration
mdc push-pull factors versus ldc
push-pull factors
i cannot stress enough how important it
is to understand the difference with
differences between international and
internal migration and all of these
theories
and the patterns because we're going to
be referencing them many times
this is just another building block to
building on this uh
whole idea this holistic view of the
world
so anyway as always this is bears guide
205 make sure you smash that like button
hit subscribe and make sure hit the bell
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are released
we'll see you next time
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