TED 中英雙語字幕: 如何讓壓力成為你的朋友

雙語TED
3 May 201514:29

Summary

TLDR这段视频演讲主要探讨了压力对健康的影响以及人们对压力认知的重要性。演讲者通过研究发现,压力本身并不会直接导致健康问题,而是人们对压力有害健康的信念才是关键因素。通过改变对压力的看法,人们可以改变身体对压力的反应,从而降低压力带来的负面影响。演讲者强调,压力可以促使人们寻求社会支持,增强人际关系,并通过社会互动和支持来提高应对压力的能力。最终,演讲者鼓励观众积极面对压力,相信自己能够克服挑战,并在生活中寻找意义。

Takeaways

  • 😀 健康心理学家承认,过去十年里她关于压力的教导可能带来了更多害处。
  • 🤔 一项研究显示,相信压力有害健康的人,在面临高压力时死亡风险增加43%,而不把压力视为有害的人死亡率反而更低。
  • 📊 这项研究估计,由于相信压力有害,每年有超过20,000美国人过早死亡,使其成为美国第15大死亡原因。
  • 🔄 改变对压力的看法可以改变身体对压力的反应,从而影响健康状况。
  • 💡 哈佛大学的一项研究发现,将压力反应视为有益的人,在面临压力时心理和生理反应更健康。
  • ❤️ 视压力为积极的人,其心脏反应类似于经历喜悦和勇气的状态,对心血管健康更有益。
  • 🤗 压力促使人寻求社会支持,释放催产素,这是一种强化社会联系和情感共鸣的激素。
  • 🌟 催产素不仅影响大脑,还能保护心血管系统免受压力影响,并促进心脏细胞的修复。
  • 👫 在压力下寻求和提供社会支持可以增加催产素的释放,有助于更快从压力中恢复。
  • 🛡️ 关心他人和参与社会活动可以作为一种抵御压力相关死亡风险的保护因素。
  • 🔍 追求意义而非避免不适是做出健康生活选择的更好方法,相信自己能够应对压力带来的挑战。

Q & A

  • 演讲者的职业是什么?

    -演讲者是一位健康心理学家。

  • 演讲者担心自己过去十年教授的哪一点可能造成了更多的伤害?

    -演讲者担心自己一直教授的压力对健康有害的观点可能造成了更多的伤害。

  • 在美国进行的一项研究追踪了多少成年人,持续了多长时间?

    -在美国进行的一项研究追踪了30,000名成年人,持续了八年。

  • 根据研究,相信压力有害健康的人群,其死亡风险增加了多少?

    -根据研究,相信压力有害健康的人群,其死亡风险增加了43%。

  • 研究中发现,如何看待压力会影响人的身体健康吗?

    -是的,研究中发现,改变对压力的看法可以改变身体对压力的反应,从而影响身体健康。

  • 在哈佛大学进行的一项研究中,参与者被教导如何重新思考他们的压力反应?

    -在哈佛大学进行的一项研究中,参与者被教导将压力反应视为有益的,例如心跳加速是为行动做准备,呼吸加快是为了给大脑提供更多氧气。

  • 当参与者将压力反应视为有益时,他们的身体发生了哪些积极变化?

    -当参与者将压力反应视为有益时,他们的血管保持放松,心跳虽然加速,但整体心血管状况更健康,类似于在快乐和勇气时刻的反应。

  • 压力反应中的一个被低估的方面是什么?

    -压力反应中的一个被低估的方面是它使人社交,涉及的激素是催产素,它在压力反应中被释放,促使人们寻求支持和加强人际关系。

  • 催产素在身体中的主要作用是什么?

    -催产素在身体中的主要作用是保护心血管系统免受压力的影响,它是一种天然抗炎物质,帮助血管在压力下保持放松,并促进心脏细胞的再生和修复。

  • 根据研究,为什么在压力下帮助他人可以减少死亡风险?

    -根据研究,因为在压力下帮助他人可以释放更多的催产素,这样的压力反应使个体更健康,并且能够更快地从压力中恢复过来,从而减少死亡风险。

  • 演讲者如何改变了自己的目标?

    -演讲者从想要消除人们的压力转变为想要让人们更擅长应对压力,通过改变对压力的看法和行为,来转化压力的体验。

  • 演讲者对于选择压力较大的工作还是压力较小的工作有什么建议?

    -演讲者建议追求生活中有意义的事物,并相信自己能够处理随之而来的压力,而不是避免不适。

Outlines

00:00

🤔 重新认识压力

本段讲述了一位健康心理学家的自白,他意识到自己过去十年来一直在教授的一个关于压力的观点可能比好处带来更多的是坏处。他曾告诉人们压力会导致疾病,但现在他改变了看法,并希望改变听众的看法。通过一项针对美国3万名成年人的研究,他发现只有那些认为压力有害健康的人,才因压力而增加了死亡风险。这项研究使他开始思考,改变对压力的看法是否真的能让人更健康。

05:01

💡 压力反应的积极解读

这一部分介绍了一项在哈佛大学进行的研究,该研究教导参与者将压力反应视为有益的。研究中,参与者被告知他们的心跳加速和呼吸加快是在为面对挑战做准备。结果发现,那些学会将压力反应看作有益的人在面对压力时感到更少的压力和焦虑,更加自信。更有趣的是,他们的身体压力反应也发生了变化,血管保持放松状态,这有助于预防心血管疾病,是一种更健康的心血管状态。

10:04

🤗 压力、社交与爱的激素

这一段讲述了压力的另一个被低估的方面,即压力使人社交。介绍了一种名为催产素的激素,它不仅在拥抱时释放,还在压力反应中起到重要作用。催产素是一种神经激素,它能增强人们的社交本能,促使人们寻求支持和加强亲密关系。在压力下,催产素的释放鼓励人们寻求帮助和支持,而不是压抑情感。此外,催产素还能保护心血管系统免受压力的影响,并帮助心脏细胞从压力引起的损伤中恢复。社会接触和支持能增强这些生理效益,使人更快地从压力中恢复。

🌟 压力的意义与选择

最后一段通过另一项研究强调了压力的意义和个人选择的重要性。研究发现,尽管压力大的生活事件会增加死亡风险,但那些花时间关心他人的人却没有显示出因压力而增加的死亡风险。这再次证明,压力对健康的有害影响并非不可避免。个人如何看待和行动可以转化压力的体验。选择将压力视为有益的反应,可以创造出勇气的生物学特征;而在压力下与他人联系,可以创造出韧性。最后,演讲者提出,追求生活的意义比避免不适更好,鼓励人们追求能给生活带来意义的事物,并相信自己能够处理随之而来的压力。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡健康心理学家

健康心理学家是专门研究心理因素如何影响人体健康和疾病的专家。在视频中,演讲者作为一名健康心理学家,她的使命是帮助人们更快乐、更健康地生活。她分享了自己对于压力的看法转变,以及如何通过改变对压力的认知来促进个体的健康。

💡压力

压力是指个体在面对挑战、困难或威胁时的心理和生理反应。在视频中,演讲者讨论了压力对健康的影响,并指出压力本身并不总是有害的,关键在于我们如何看待和应对压力。

💡信念

信念是个人深信不疑的观念或看法,它可以强烈影响人的行为和心理状态。在视频中,演讲者强调了改变对压力的信念可以改变人们对压力的生理反应,进而影响健康。

💡社交应激测试

社交应激测试是一种实验方法,通过模拟社交压力情境(如即兴演讲或数学测试)来研究压力对个体的影响。在视频中,演讲者通过描述这个测试来说明压力反应如何被重新定义为有助于应对挑战的生理现象。

💡心血管健康

心血管健康是指心脏和血管系统的健康状况,它与个体的生理健康紧密相关。在视频中,演讲者讲述了压力如何影响心血管健康,并指出积极的心态和社交联系可以改善压力对心血管系统的影响。

💡催产素

催产素是一种神经激素,它在人体中扮演多种角色,包括调节社交行为和保护心血管系统。在视频中,演讲者解释了催产素如何在压力反应中发挥作用,促使人们寻求社会支持,并帮助身体从压力中恢复。

💡社会支持

社会支持指的是个体从亲友、同事或社区获得的情感、信息或物质帮助。在视频中,演讲者强调了社会支持对于缓解压力和促进健康的重要性。

💡心理韧性

心理韧性是指个体在面对压力、挑战或逆境时,能够适应、恢复和成长的能力。在视频中,演讲者讨论了如何通过改变对压力的看法和增强社会联系来培养心理韧性。

💡生活方式选择

生活方式选择是指个体对于工作、休闲、健康等方面的决策,这些选择会影响他们的生活质量和健康。在视频中,演讲者提到,选择有意义的工作和生活方式,即使伴随压力,也是有益于健康的。

💡生物学特征

生物学特征是指个体生理和遗传方面的属性,这些特征决定了个体对环境的适应能力和健康状况。在视频中,演讲者探讨了如何通过改变对压力的认知来改变身体的生物学反应,从而促进健康。

💡意义追求

意义追求是指个体在生活中寻求目标、价值和满足感的过程。在视频中,演讲者强调追求生活的意义比避免不适更为重要,这有助于人们在面对压力时保持健康和幸福。

Highlights

演讲者是一位健康心理学家,其使命是帮助人们更快乐、更健康。

演讲者担心她过去十年教授的关于压力的知识可能弊大于利。

研究表明,压力与从普通感冒到心血管疾病的风险增加有关。

演讲者改变了对压力的看法,并希望改变听众的看法。

一个针对30,000名美国成年人的研究,追踪了他们8年的健康状况和死亡情况。

只有那些认为压力有害健康的人,压力才会增加死亡风险。

改变对压力的看法可以改变身体对压力的反应。

在哈佛大学进行的一项研究中,参与者被教导将压力反应视为有益的。

当参与者将压力反应视为有益时,他们的血管保持放松,心脏仍然快速跳动,但这是一种更健康的心血管状况。

演讲者的目标是让人们更擅长应对压力,而不是消除压力。

压力会让你变得更社交,这是因为压力激素催产素的作用。

催产素不仅作用于大脑,还在身体中发挥作用,保护心血管系统免受压力的影响。

当你在压力下与他人联系,无论是寻求支持还是帮助他人,都会释放更多的催产素。

研究表明,照顾他人可以创造抗压能力,减少压力对健康的危害。

追逐生活的意义比避免不适更有益于健康。

选择面对压力的方式可以转变你的压力经历,创造勇气的生物学特征。

压力使我们能够触及内心,找到与他人连接的喜悦和意义。

选择看待压力的方式不仅让我们更擅长应对压力,还表明我们能够信任自己应对生活的挑战。

Transcripts

play00:07

I have a confession to make

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but first I want you to make a little

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confession to me in the past year would

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you just raise your hand if you've

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experienced relatively little stress

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anyone mm-hmm how about a moderate

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amount of stress who's experienced a lot

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of stress yeah me too but that is not my

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confession my confession is this I am a

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health psychologist and my mission is to

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help people be happier and healthier but

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I fear that something I've been teaching

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for the last ten years is doing more

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harm than good and it has to do with

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stress for years I've been telling

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people stress makes you sick it

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increases the risk of everything from

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the common cold to cardiovascular

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disease basically I've turned stress

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into the enemy but I have changed my

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mind about stress and today I want to

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change yours let me start with the study

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that made me rethink my whole approach

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to stress this study tracked 30,000

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adults in the United States for eight

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years and they started by asking people

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how much stress have you experienced in

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the last year they also asked do you

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believe that stress is harmful for your

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health and then they use public death

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records to find out who died okay some

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bad news first

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people who experience a lot of stress in

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the previous year had a 43% increased

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risk of dying but that was only true for

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the people who also believed that stress

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is harmful for your health

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people who experience a lot of stress

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but did not view stress as harmful were

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no more likely to die in fact they had

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the lowest risk of dying of anyone in

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the study including people who had

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relatively little stress now the

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researchers estimated that over the

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eight years they were tracking deaths

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182 thousand Americans died prematurely

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not from stress but from the belief that

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stress is bad for you

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that is over 20,000 deaths a year now if

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that estimate is correct that would make

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believing stress is bad for you the 15th

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largest cause of death in the United

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States last year killing more people

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than skin cancer hiv/aids and homicide

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you can see why the study freaked me out

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here I've been spending so much energy

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telling people stress is bad for your

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health

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so this study got me wondering can

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changing how you think about stress make

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you healthier and here the science says

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yes when you change your mind about

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stress you can change your body's

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response to stress now to explain how

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this works

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I want you all to pretend that you are

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participants in a study designed to

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stress you out it's called the social

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stress test you come into the laboratory

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and you're told you have to give a

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five-minute impromptu speech on your

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personal weaknesses to a panel of expert

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evaluators sitting right in front of you

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and to make sure you feel the pressure

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there are bright lights and a camera in

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your face kind of like this and the

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evaluators have been trained to give you

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discouraging nonverbal feedback like

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this

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now that you're sufficiently demoralized

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time for part two a math test

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and unbeknownst to you the experimenter

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has been trained to harass you during it

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now we're gonna all do this together

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it's gonna be fun for me okay I want you

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all to count backwards from 996 in

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increments of seven you're gonna do this

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out loud as fast as you can

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starting with 996 go go faster faster

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please you're going too slow stop stop

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stop stop that guy made a mistake we're

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gonna have to start all over again

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you're not very good at this are you

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okay so you get the idea now if you were

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actually in this study you'd probably be

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a little stressed out your heart might

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be pounding you might be breathing fast

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or maybe breaking out into a sweat and

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normally we interpret these physical

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changes as anxiety or signs that we

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aren't coping very well with the

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pressure but what have you viewed them

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instead as signs that your body was

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energized was preparing you to meet this

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challenge now that is exactly what

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participants were told in a study

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conducted at Harvard University before

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they went through the social stress

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tests they were taught to rethink their

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stress response as helpful that pounding

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heart is preparing you for action if

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you're breathing faster it's no problem

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it's getting more oxygen to your brain

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and participants who learned to view the

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stress response as helpful for their

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performance well they were less stressed

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out less anxious more confident but the

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most fascinating finding to me was how

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their physical stress response changed

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now in a typical stress response your

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heart rate goes up and your blood

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vessels constrict like this and this is

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one of the reasons that chronic stress

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is sometimes associated with

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cardiovascular disease it's not really

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healthy to be in this state all the time

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but in the study when participants view

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their stress response as helpful

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blood-vessel stayed relaxed like this

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their heart was still pounding but this

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is a much healthier cardiovascular

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profile

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it actually looks a lot like what

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happens in moments of joy and courage

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over a lifetime of stressful experiences

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this one biological change could be the

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difference between a stress induced

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heart attack at age 50 and living well

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into your 90s and this is really what

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the new science of stress reveals but

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how you think about stress matters so my

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goal as a health psychologist has

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changed I no longer want to get rid of

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your stress I want to make you better at

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stress and we just did a little

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intervention if you raise your hand and

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said you'd had a lot of stress in the

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last year we could have saved your life

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because hopefully the next time your

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heart is pounding from stress you're

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going to remember this talk and you're

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gonna think to yourself this is my body

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helping me rise to this challenge and

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when you view stress in that way your

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body believes you and your stress

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response becomes healthier now I said I

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have over a decade of demonizing stress

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to redeem myself from so we are gonna do

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one more intervention I want to tell you

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about one of the most underappreciated

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aspects of the stress response and the

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idea is this stress makes you social to

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understand the side of stress we need to

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talk about a hormone oxytocin and I know

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oxytocin has already gotten as much hype

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as a hormone can get it even has its own

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cute nickname the cuddle hormone because

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it's release when you hug someone but

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this is a very small part of what

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oxytocin is involved in oxytocin is a

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neurohormone it fine Tunes your brains

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social instincts it Prime's you to do

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things that strengthen close

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relationships oxytocin makes you crave

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physical contact with your friends and

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family it enhances your empathy it even

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makes you more willing to help and

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support the pee

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will you care about some people have

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even suggested we should snort oxytocin

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to become more compassionate and caring

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but here's what most people don't

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understand about oxytocin it's a stress

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hormone your pituitary gland pumps this

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stuff out as part of the stress response

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it's as much a part of your stress

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response as the adrenaline that makes

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your heart pound

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and when oxytocin is released in the

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stress response it is motivating you to

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seek support your biological stress

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response is nudging you to tell someone

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how you feel instead of bottling it up

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your stress response wants to make sure

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you notice when someone else in your

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life is struggling so that you can

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support each other when life is

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difficult your stress response wants you

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to be surrounded by people who care

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about you okay so how is knowing this

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side of stress going to make you

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healthier

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well oxytocin doesn't only act on your

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brain it also acts on your body and one

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of its main roles in your body is to

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protect your cardiovascular system from

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the effects of stress it's a natural

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anti-inflammatory it also helps your

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blood vessels stay relaxed during stress

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but my favorite effect on the body is

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actually on the heart your heart has

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receptors for this hormone and oxytocin

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helps heart cells regenerate and heal

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from any stress induced damage this

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stress hormone strengthens your heart

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and the cool thing is is that all of

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these physical benefits of oxytocin are

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enhanced by social contact and social

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support so when you reach out to others

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under stress either to seek support or

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to help someone else you release more of

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this hormone your stress response

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becomes healthier and you actually

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recover faster from stress I find this

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amazing that your stress response has a

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built in mechanism

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for stress resilience and that mechanism

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is human connection I want to finish by

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telling you about one more study and

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listen up because this study could also

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save a life this study tracked about a

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thousand adults in the United States and

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they ranged in age from 34 to 93 and

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they started the study by asking how

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much stress have you experienced in the

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last year they also asked how much time

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have you spent helping out friends

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neighbors people in your community and

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then they use public records for the

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next five years to find out who died

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okay so the bad news first for every

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major stressful life experience like

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financial difficulties or family crisis

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that increase the risk of dying by 30%

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but and I hope you are expecting a but

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by now but that wasn't true for everyone

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people who spent time caring for others

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showed absolutely no stress-related

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increase in dying zero caring created

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resilience and so we see once again that

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the harmful effects of stress on your

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health are not inevitable how you think

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and how you act can transform your

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experience of stress when you choose to

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view your stress response as helpful you

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create the biology of courage and when

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you choose to connect with others under

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stress you can create resilience now I

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wouldn't necessarily ask for more

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stressful experiences in my life but the

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science has given me a whole new

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appreciation for stress stress gives us

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access to our hearts the compassionate

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heart

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that finds joy and meaning and

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connecting with others and yes you're

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pounding physical heart working so hard

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to give you a strength

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and energy and when you choose to view

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stress in this way you're not just

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getting better at stress you're actually

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making a pretty profound statement

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you're saying that you can trust

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yourself to handle life's challenges and

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you're remembering that you don't have

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to face them alone

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and this is something this is kind of

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amazing what you're telling us it's just

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it seems amazing to me that a belief

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about stress can make so much difference

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to someone's life expectancy how would

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that extend to advice like if someone's

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making a lifestyle choice between say a

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stressful job and a non stressful job is

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it doesn't matter that which way they go

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that it's it's equally wise to go for

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the stressful job so long as you believe

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that you can handle it in some sense

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yeah and one thing we know for certain

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is that chasing meaning is better for

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your health and trying to avoid

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discomfort and so I would say that's

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really the best way to make decisions is

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go after what it is that creates meaning

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in your life and then trust yourself to

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handle the stress that follows thank you

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so much Kelly

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