THE 1973 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Summary

In 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines and introduced the 1973 Constitution, transitioning the government from a presidential to a parliamentary system. The new constitution established the National Assembly, which elected a Prime Minister as the head of government and the Supreme Court, with justices appointed by the Prime Minister. Marcos' authoritarian rule under this constitution was challenged and ultimately ended with the People Power Revolution in 1986.

Takeaways

• 📜 The 1973 Constitution of the Philippines was established under President Ferdinand Marcos' martial law.
• 📝 Proclamation No. 1081 was issued on September 21, 1972, initiating martial law in the Philippines.
• 🗓️ The draft of the 1973 Constitution was approved on November 13, 1972, and ratified on January 17, 1973.
• 🏛️ The constitution shifted the government from a presidential to a parliamentary system.
• 👨‍⚖️ The Prime Minister, elected from the National Assembly, served as the head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
• 👩‍💼 The President, also elected from the National Assembly, acted as the symbolic head of state with a six-year term.
• ⚖️ The Supreme Court, comprising a Chief Justice and 14 justices, held judicial power, with all appointments made by the Prime Minister.
• 📊 The 1973 Constitution, also known as the 'Marcos Constitution,' introduced several amendments differing from previous constitutions.
• 🏳️‍🌟 The 'EDSA Revolution' of 1986 led to the fall of Marcos' authoritarian rule and the end of the 1973 Constitution's era.
• 🔗 The script provided links to sources that support the information presented about the 1973 Constitution.

Q & A

What significant event led to the creation of the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines?

President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972, placing the entire Philippines under martial law, which led to the creation of the 1973 Constitution.

When was the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines formally approved?

The draft of the 1973 Constitution was formally approved by the Constitutional Convention on November 13, 1972.

Who announced the ratification of the 1973 Constitution?

President Marcos announced the ratification of the 1973 Constitution through Proclamation No. 1102 on January 17, 1973.

What was the term length for the President under the 1973 Constitution?

The President under the 1973 Constitution served for six years.

How did the 1973 Constitution change the system of government in the Philippines?

The 1973 Constitution shifted the system of government from a presidential to a parliamentary system.

Who was elected as the head of government under the 1973 Constitution?

A Prime Minister was elected among the members of the National Assembly to serve as the head of government.

What was the role of the President under the 1973 Constitution?

The President under the 1973 Constitution served as the symbolic head of state.

Who had the power to appoint justices of the Supreme Court and judges of lower courts under the 1973 Constitution?

The Prime Minister had the power to appoint all justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the lower courts.

How did the 1973 Constitution differ from the previous constitution?

The 1973 Constitution differed in many ways, including changes to the congress, powers, functions, and the introduction of several amendments during Marcos's lifetime.

What was the term used to describe the 1973 Constitution in terms of its governance style?

The 1973 Constitution was also referred to as 'constitutional authoritarianism.'

What event led to the end of the 1973 Constitution's implementation?

The 'People Power Revolution' of 1986 led to the end of the 1973 Constitution's implementation and the fall of Marcos's regime.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to the 1973 Philippine Constitution

The 1973 Constitution of the Philippines, also known as the 'Saligang Bayan' or 'Constitutional Authoritarianism', was implemented under President Ferdinand Marcos after he declared martial law on September 21, 1972. Proclamation No. 1081 led to the drafting of a new constitution, which was formally approved on November 13, 1972, and ratified by the Citizens Assembly on January 17, 1973. This constitution marked a shift from a presidential to a parliamentary system, with a Prime Minister elected from the National Assembly serving as the head of government and the President serving as the symbolic head of state for a six-year term. The constitution also vested judicial power in the Supreme Court, with the Prime Minister appointing all justices and lower court judges. Several amendments were introduced during Marcos' regime, reflecting the authoritarian nature of the constitution. The document was eventually overshadowed by Marcos' fall from power during the People Power Revolution in 1986.

Keywords

💡1973 Constitution of the Philippines

The 1973 Constitution of the Philippines was a significant legal document that marked a shift in the country's political system. It was introduced under President Ferdinand Marcos and replaced the previous 1935 Constitution. The video script discusses how this constitution was ratified by a majority of the people and became the supreme law of the Philippines, outlining the structure of the government and the roles of various branches.

💡Martial Law

Martial law refers to the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions by temporary suspension of civilian law. In the context of the video, it was declared by President Marcos on September 21, 1972, which led to the establishment of the 1973 Constitution. This period is highlighted as a time of significant change and control under the Marcos regime.

💡President Ferdinand Marcos

Ferdinand Marcos was the President of the Philippines during the time when the 1973 Constitution was enacted. His proclamations, such as number 1081 and 1102, were instrumental in the implementation of martial law and the ratification of the new constitution. The video emphasizes his role in shifting the government structure and consolidating power.

💡National Assembly

The National Assembly, as mentioned in the script, was a legislative body established under the 1973 Constitution. It was responsible for electing a Prime Minister who would serve as the head of government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. This body was a key component of the parliamentary system introduced by the constitution.

💡Prime Minister

Under the 1973 Constitution, the role of Prime Minister was introduced as the head of government, elected from among the members of the National Assembly. This was a departure from the presidential system, where the President held executive power. The Prime Minister's role is central to understanding the governmental structure during the period covered by the video.

💡Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the Philippines is the highest judicial body in the country. According to the 1973 Constitution, the judicial power was vested in the Supreme Court, which was composed of a Chief Justice and 14 associate justices. The video script highlights how all justices and judges of lower courts were appointed by the Prime Minister, indicating a significant change in the appointment process.

💡Constitutional Authoritarianism

The term 'constitutional authoritarianism' is used in the video to describe the nature of the 1973 Constitution. It implies a system where power is centralized and authority is exercised in a top-down manner, often with limited checks and balances. This concept is crucial for understanding the political climate and the concentration of power during Marcos's regime.

💡People Power Revolution

The People Power Revolution refers to the series of non-violent protests in 1986 that led to the end of Marcos's rule and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines. The video script mentions this event as a turning point that followed the period of the 1973 Constitution, signifying the end of an era and the beginning of a new chapter in the country's history.

💡Judicial Power

Judicial power, as discussed in the video, is the authority of the courts to interpret and apply the law. Under the 1973 Constitution, this power was vested in the Supreme Court and lower courts, with all judges appointed by the Prime Minister. This arrangement is contrasted with other systems where judicial appointments might be made differently, emphasizing the concentration of power in this period.

💡Citizens Assembly

The Citizens Assembly was a body that played a role in the ratification process of the 1973 Constitution. As mentioned in the script, the draft constitution was submitted to this assembly for approval by the citizens. This highlights the process by which the constitution was formally accepted and became the law of the land.

Highlights

On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081, declaring martial law in the Philippines.

The 1973 Constitution was formally approved by the Constitutional Convention on November 13, 1972.

President Marcos announced the ratification of the 1973 Constitution on January 17, 1973.

The 1973 Constitution, also known as the 'Salic Law of the Philippines', became the supreme law of the country.

The Constitution shifted the government system from presidential to parliamentary.

A Prime Minister was elected from the members of the National Assembly to serve as the head of government.

The President was elected from the National Assembly to serve as the symbolic head of state for six years.

The judicial power was vested in the Supreme Court, composed of a Chief Justice and 14 justices.

All justices of the Supreme Court and judges of lower courts were appointed by the Prime Minister.

The 1973 Constitution, also referred to as the 'Marcos Constitution', differed significantly from previous constitutions.

Several amendments were introduced during Marcos' lifetime, affecting the structure of Congress and its powers.

The 1973 Constitution led to a shaky national faith under Marcos' imperial presidency.

Marcos fell out of power after the People Power Revolution in 1986.

The 1973 Constitution is composed of a preamble and 17 articles.

The Philippines gained independence from Japanese conquerors, leading to the implementation of the Third Republic.

The legislative power was vested in the National Assembly, which elected a Prime Minister and a President.

The President elected by the National Assembly served for six years.

The 1973 Constitution is also known as 'Constitutional Authoritarianism'.

Transcripts

[Music]

the 1973 constitution of the philippines

on september 21 1972 president

ferdinand marcos issued proclamation

number 1081

placing the entire philippines under

martial law

shortly thereafter on november 13 1972

the drop of the 1973 constitution was

formally approved

by the constitutional convention and was

submitted to the citizens assembly for

ratification

on january 17 1973 president marcos

issued proclamation number 1102 and

announced that the constitution of 1973

had been ratified by the overwhelming

majority of the people

and thus become affected

the constitution of the philippines or

the salicon catastrophilitis

in filipino is the supreme law of the

philippines

the 1973 constitution composed of a

preamble

and 17 articles provides for the ship

from the presidential to a parliamentary

system

of government the constitution

in power the national assembly a prime

minister is elected among the members of

the national assembly

he or she also serves as the head of

government

and commander-in-chief of the philippine

armed forces

the president is elected among the

members of the national assembly

and serves as the symbolic head of

states for six years

the judicial power is vested in the

supreme court

composed of chief justice and 14

justices

the national assembly has the power to

define prescribe and apportion the

jurisdiction of the lower records

all justices of the supreme court and

judges of the law reports

are appointed by the prime minister

so-called marcos constitution

differs from the previous constitution

in many ways

during his lifetime several amendments

were introduced

the difference of rage kind of congress

powers

and functions and many more

the faith of the nation under the 1973

constitution

was brought shaky under the imperial

presidency of marcos

who fell out of power after that famous

elder revolution

of 1986. lastly let's proceed to the

conclusion

and roundabouts of this constitution

thank you mishara as you can see in our

presentation

i am going to discuss the conclusion of

1973

constitution of the philippines

this 1970 constitution is composed of a

preamble and 17 articles

it provides for the ship from

presidential to parliamentary system of

the

government the 1973 constitution

it is also called as constitutional

authoritarianism

the philippines gained independence from

the invaders

or the japanese conquerors the third

republic

of the philippines was implemented

on september 21 1972 president persian b

marcos issued proclamation number

1081 implementing the partial law in the

philippines

on november 30 1972 the draft of the

1973 constitution was formally approved

by the constitutional convention and was

submitted to the citizens assembly for

ratification

and there are also two organs of the

government

that time this legislative power

and the judicial power the power of

legislative went to the national

assembly

where they elected a prime minister to

be the head

of government and to be

commander-in-chief

of the philippine armed forces

from the national assembly they would

choose the president

and it will be the president of the

state

the president elected by our national

assembly will serve our country for six

years

now let's proceed to the judicial power

the judicial power vested in the supreme

court

which consists of a chief justice and 14

jefferses and also the 1973 constitution

all the justices of the supreme court

and

judges of the lower courts are appointed

by the prime minister

and these are the website or links that

support in our report