what Is Instrument Calibration. Instrument Calibrator. RTD Calibration. Calibration certificates.
Summary
TLDR本视频介绍了仪器校准的概念和重要性,以及如何对RTD(电阻温度检测器)进行校准。仪器校准是确保测量准确性的关键过程,由于环境因素和设备老化,仪器的准确性会随时间降低。校准通过比较已知高精度的校准器和待校仪器的测量值来进行。在工业控制中,准确的测量数据对于控制系统的正确操作至关重要。视频还详细解释了校准过程、校准范围和校准证书的相关内容。
Takeaways
- 📈 仪器校准是确定其准确性的过程。
- ⏱️ 仪器的准确性会因操作条件、机械冲击或极端温度和压力而随时间降低。
- 🔄 为了确保仪器产生的测量数据的准确性,需要定期进行校准。
- 📊 校准通过比较两个仪器的测量值来进行,其中一个是已知高精度的参考仪器。
- 🏭 过程工厂中的控制系统基于仪器提供的测量数据来控制工厂。
- 🔧 校准确保工厂中的测量准确,从而正确控制工厂。
- 🔩 校准器应比被校准的仪器更准确,并且定期由国家度量衡研究所校准。
- 📃 校准前必须确保校准器的有效性。
- 🛠️ 市场上有不同类型的校准器,选择取决于传感器类型、校准环境和所需精度。
- 🌡️ RTD(电阻温度检测器)是一种温度感应设备,其电阻随温度升高而增加。
- 📝 校准RTD通常使用干块校准器或温度浴,通过比较标准电阻与温度图表来确认RTD的准确性。
- 📋 校准完成后,会准备一份包含校准数据、校准日期和每个测量结果的通过/失败声明的校准证书。
Q & A
什么是仪器校准?
-仪器校准是一个确定其准确性的过程。随着时间的推移,由于恶劣的运行条件、机械冲击或极端温度或压力的暴露,仪器的准确性往往会降低。
为什么我们需要校准仪器?
-在过程工厂中,控制系统控制着整个工厂。如果测量数据不正确,那么对工厂的控制也将是不正确的。因此,为了正确控制工厂,工厂中的仪器所做的测量必须是准确的,这就需要定期进行校准。
校准仪器是如何进行的?
-校准是通过比较两个仪器的测量值来进行的,其中一个待校准的仪器的测量值与已知高精度仪器的测量值进行比较。
校准器应该比被校准的仪器准确多少?
-校准器应该比被校准的仪器更准确,并且它的校准器会定期由国家计量研究所维护的更准确的参考标准进行校准。
校准证书的有效期是多久?
-经过更准确标准校准后,这些研究所会为校准器颁发有效期为一年的证书。
在选择校准器时需要考虑哪些因素?
-选择校准器的类型取决于要校准的传感器类型、校准环境以及校准所需的准确性。
常见的校准器有哪些类型?
-常见的校准器包括干块校准器、气动校准器和信号参考校准器等。
如何校准一个新的电阻温度探测器(RTD)?
-通常使用干块校准器或温度浴作为校准器来校准RTD。将待校准的RTD放入温度校准器中,校准器维持用户设置的固定温度,然后使用万用表的电阻模式连接RTD的端子,读取RTD的输出电阻值。
校准过程中如何验证RTD的准确性?
-将RTD的输出电阻值与制造商提供的标准电阻与温度图表进行比较,以找到RTD检测到的确切温度。如果显示的温度与标准值相同或在可接受的偏差范围内,那么RTD被认为是准确的。
校准证书包含哪些内容?
-校准证书包含用于校准的标准列表、校准产生的任何数据、校准日期以及每个测量结果的可能合格或不合格声明。
仪器范围和校准范围有什么区别?
-仪器范围指的是仪器有能力测量的范围,而校准范围是仪器经过测试的值的范围,校准范围由零点和跨度值定义。
如何定义一个压力变送器的校准范围?
-校准范围由零点值(范围的低端)和跨度值(上下范围值之间的代数差)定义。例如,对于一个校准范围为0到300 PSIG的压力变送器,零点值是0,跨度值是300 PSIG。
Outlines
📏 仪器校准及其重要性
本段介绍了仪器校准的概念及其重要性。仪器校准是确定其准确性的过程,由于长时间在恶劣环境下工作、受到机械冲击或极端温度、压力的影响,仪器的准确性会逐渐降低。为了保证仪器测量结果的准确性,需要定期进行校准。校准过程包括将待校准仪器的测量值与已知高准确性的仪器测量值进行比较。在过程工厂中,控制系统依赖仪器提供的数据来控制工厂运行,因此仪器的准确性至关重要。为了验证仪器的准确性,需要使用过程校准器来给仪器一个已知的输入值,并测量相应的输出信号。校准器本身也需要比待校准仪器更准确,并且需要定期由国家计量研究所等更准确的参考标准进行校准。
📊 仪器范围与校准范围的区别
这一段解释了仪器范围和校准范围的区别。仪器范围指的是仪器能够测量的最大和最小值,例如一个压力变送器的输入压力范围是0到750 PSIG,输出是4到20毫安。而校准范围则是实际进行校准的值的范围,例如上述变送器在实际应用中可能只需要校准0到300 PSIG的范围。校准范围由零点值和跨度值定义,零点值是范围的下限,跨度值是上限和下限之间的代数差。通过这个解释,可以更清楚地理解仪器的校准过程和实际应用之间的关系。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡仪器校准
💡准确性
💡过程校准器
💡干井校准器
💡温度浴
💡电阻温度检测器(RTD)
💡校准证书
💡校准范围
💡仪器范围
💡零点值
💡跨度值
Highlights
仪器校准是确定其准确性的过程。
仪器的准确性会因硬操作条件、机械冲击或极端温度、压力而随时间降低。
为了确保仪器产生的测量数据的准确性,需要定期进行仪器校准。
校准是通过比较两个仪器的测量值来进行的,其中一个待校准仪器的测量值与已知高精度仪器的测量值进行比较。
在过程工厂中,控制系统基于仪器提供的测量数据来控制工厂。
如果测量数据不正确,工厂的控制也将不正确。
工厂中的一切都基于测量,因此工厂中仪器的测量必须准确,以便能够正确控制工厂。
为了维持测量的准确性,应定期进行校准。
检查仪器输出是否准确对应其输入的唯一方法是给仪器一个已知的输入值,并测量相应的输出信号。
为此,使用过程校准器。
校准器应比被校准的仪器更准确,并且其校准器定期由国家计量研究所维护的更准确的参考标准进行校准。
在开始任何校准之前,必须确保校准器的校准证书的有效性。
市场上有不同类型的校准器可供选择。
选择特定校准任务的校准器类型取决于要校准的传感器类型、校准环境以及校准所需的准确性。
常用的校准器包括干式校准器、气动校准器、信号参考校准器等。
例如,我们需要监控储罐的温度,为此我们购买了一个新的电阻温度检测器(RTD)。
RTD是一种温度感应设备,其输出为电阻,且电阻随温度升高而增加。
为了确认RTD的准确性,进行RTD校准。
通常使用干式校准器或温度浴作为校准器来执行RTD校准。
待校准的RTD将被放置在校准器中,校准器维持用户设置的固定温度,因此RTD的输出电阻随校准器的温度变化。
使用万用表的电阻模式连接RTD的终端,读取RTD的输出电阻值。
这个输出电阻值与制造商提供的标准电阻与温度图表进行比较,以找到RTD检测到的确切温度。
用户通过输入RTD检测到的温度值和校准器显示的温度来记录。
这个过程在RTD使用范围内的几个其他温度设置中重复,记录读数。
如果显示的温度相同或在标准值的可接受偏差范围内,RTD被认为是准确的。
最后准备一个称为校准证书的文件,其中包含用于校准的校准标准列表、校准产生的任何数据、校准日期以及每个测量结果的可能通过或失败声明。
在仪器校准期间,将在仪器的校准范围的几个点上检查待校准仪器的读数或输出。
校准范围是仪器经过测试的值的范围,与仪器范围不同。
仪器范围指的是仪器能够测量的范围,例如压力变送器的名牌显示0至750 PSIG的输入压力范围和4至20毫安的输出。
如果我们需要在0至300 PSIG的输入下使用这个变送器,并得到4至20毫安的输出,那么校准只针对0至300 PSIG这个范围,这个范围被称为校准范围。
校准范围由零点和跨度值定义,零点值是范围的低端,跨度值是上下限值之间的代数差。
对于具有0至300 PSIG校准范围的变送器,其零点值是低端0,跨度值是上下限值之间的代数差,这里是300 PSIG。
Transcripts
Hello Everyone Welcome to Instrumentation Academy.
In This Video We Will Discuss What Is Instrument Calibration and How an
RTD Is Calibrated?
Calibration Of an Instrument Is a Process of Determining Its Accuracy.
Accuracy Of an Instrument Tends to Decrease Over Time Due to Hard Operating Conditions
Mechanical Shocks or Exposure to Extreme Temperature or Pressure.
In Order to Be Confident in The Accuracy of The Measurement That the Instruments Produce
the Calibration of Instruments Need to Be Carried Out on A Regular Basis.
Calibration Is Done by Comparing the Measurements of Two Instruments in Which the Measured Value
from An Instrument Under Calibration Is Compared with The Measurement of Instrument Having
Known and High Accuracy.
Why Do We Need to Calibrate Instruments?
In A Process Plant the Control System Controls the Plant.
The Control System Obtains the Measurement Data from The Various Instruments in The Plant
and Controls the Plant Based on This Measurement Data.
So, If the Measurement Data Is Incorrect the Controlling of The Plant Will Also Be Incorrect.
So, From This We Can Say That in A Process Plant Everything Is Based on Measurements
and Therefore the Measurements Done by The Instruments in The Plant Should Be Accurate
to Be Able to Control the Plant Properly.
So, To Maintain the Accuracy of The Measurement’s Calibration Should Be Done Regularly.
The Only Way to Check That If an Instruments Output Accurately Corresponds to Its Input
Is to Give That Instrument a Known Input Value While Measuring the Corresponding Output Signal
Values.
For This a Process Calibrator Is Used.
Calibrator Should Be More Accurate Than the Instrument You Calibrate with Its Calibrators
Are Calibrated Regularly by More Accurate Reference Standard Maintained by National
Metrology Institute and After Calibrating by More Accurate Standard These Institute
Issue a One-Year Valid Certificate for Calibrators.
Before Starting Any Calibration, The Validity of The Calibration Certificate of a Calibrator
Must Be Assured.
There Are Different Types of Calibrators Available in The Market.
The Type of Calibrator Selected for A Particular Calibration Task Depends on The Type of Sensor
to Be Calibrated, The Environment in Which It Is to Be Calibrated and The Required Accuracy
of The Calibration.
Some Of the Commonly Used Calibrators Are Dry Block Calibrator, Pneumatic Calibrator,
Signal Reference Calibrator Etc.
Consider That We Need to Monitor Temperature in Tank.
For That We Have Bought a New Resistance Temperature Detector Or RTD.
As You Know RTD Is a Temperature Sensing Device Which Gives Resistance as Output and Whose
Resistance Increases with Increase in Temperature.
The Output of This RTD May Be or May Not Be Accurate.
To Confirm the Accuracy of The RTD Calibration Is Done.
To Perform RTD Calibration Usually Dry Block Calibrator or Temperature Bath Is Used as
Calibrator.
RTD Which Is to Be Calibrated Will Be Placed into The Temperature Calibrator.
The Calibrator Maintains a Fixed Temperature Which Is Set by The User and So the Output
Resistance of The RTD Changes with Respect to The Temperature of The Calibrator.
Now A Multimeter in Resistance Mode Is Connected Between the Terminals of The RTD to Read the
Output Resistance Value of the RTD.
This Output Resistance Value Is Compared with The Standard Resistance Vs Temperature Chart
Provided by The Manufacturer to Find the Exact Temperature Detected by the RTD.
The User Now Makes a Record by Entering This Value of Temperature Detected by The RTD and
The Temperature Displayed on The Calibrator.
This Procedure Is Repeated for Few Other Sets of Temperatures Within the Range for Which
the RTD Is Used and The Readings Are Recorded.
If Both the Temperatures Displayed Are Same or Within Acceptable Deviation from The Standard
Value.
The RTD Is Considered to Be Accurate.
A Final Document Called Calibration Certificate Is Prepared Which Contains List of Calibration
Standards Used for The Calibration.
Any Data Resulting from The Calibration, The Calibration Date and Possible Pass or Fail
Statement for Each Measurement Results.
This Is How a Typical RTD Calibration Is Done
During Calibration of An Instrument the Readings or Output of The Instrument to Be Calibrated
Is Checked at Several Points Throughout the Calibration Range of The Instrument.
The Calibration Range Is the Range of Values Over Which the Instrument Has Been Tested.
The Calibration Range Is Different from Instrument Range.
Instrument Range Refers to The Range Within Which the Instrument Has Capability to Measure.
Consider That the Name Plate of a Pressure Transmitter Shows an Input Pressure Range
from 0 To 750 PSIG and An Output Of 4 To 20 Milli Amps.
This Means That the Instrument Has Capability to Handle and Input of 0 To 750 PSIG and Produce
Corresponding Output.
This Range Is Known as Instrument Range.
Now Consider That We Need to Use This Transmitter for An Application Where We Need to Give an
Input Of 0 To 300PSIG And Get an Output Of 4 To 20 Milli Amps.
Here Calibration Is Done Only for 0 To 300 PSIG This Range Is Known as Calibration Range.
Calibration Range Is Defined by The Zero and Span Values.
The Zero Value Is the Lower End of The Range and The Span Value Is Algebraic Difference
Between the Upper and Lower Range Values.
Now Let’s Check What Is the Zero Value and The Span Value of The Transmitter Having a
Calibration Range Of 0 To 300 PSIG.
Here The Lower Range 0 Is A Zero Value and The Span Value Is the Algebraic Difference
Between the Upper and Lower Range Values.
That Is Here It Is the Difference Between 300 And 0 Which Is 300 PSIG
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