RTD in detail tutorial explaining 2 Wire RTD , 3 Wire RTD and 4 Wire RTD

Calibration Academy
19 Apr 202311:02

Summary

TLDR本期视频由calibration Academy频道带来,主题是电阻温度探测器(RTD)。视频将讲解RTD中的引线电阻是什么,为何三线RTD比二线RTD更准确,以及四线RTD如何更胜一筹。最后,将展示如何将RTD连接到温度变送器。通过Wheatstone桥式电路分析引线电阻对测量误差的影响,并解释三线和四线RTD如何减少这种误差。四线RTD通过电压信号而非电阻来测量温度,提供更高精度。视频还介绍了四线RTD的优点和缺点,并指导如何将不同线型的RTD连接到温度变送器。

Takeaways

  • 🔍 视频介绍了电阻温度探测器(RTD)的相关知识。
  • 🔌 讲解了二线RTD中的引线电阻及其对测量误差的影响。
  • 📉 引线电阻会随着RTD和温度变送器之间距离的增加而增加测量误差。
  • 🌡️ 通过惠斯通电桥原理解释了二线RTD的工作原理和误差产生。
  • 📈 通过实例演示了正确测量和引线电阻导致的测量误差。
  • 🔌 三线RTD通过额外的引线消除了电路中的有效引线电阻,比二线RTD更常用于工业中。
  • 🔄 三线RTD通过惠斯通电桥方程,使得引线电阻在电路中相互抵消,提高了准确性。
  • 🔌 四线RTD基于电压信号而非电阻测量温度,因此比二线和三线RTD更准确。
  • 💡 四线RTD的优点包括更高的准确性和不受引线电阻影响,常用于需要精确温度读数的实验室。
  • 🔋 四线RTD的缺点包括成本较高和长时间使用可能因自热产生小量测量误差。
  • 🔧 视频还展示了如何将二线、三线和四线RTD连接到温度变送器。

Q & A

  • 什么是RTD的引线电阻?

    -引线电阻是指在实际应用中,连接RTD和温度变送器的电缆本身所具有的电阻,这部分电阻会加到RTD的电阻上,从而引入测量误差。

  • 为什么三线RTD比二线RTD更准确?

    -三线RTD通过使用额外的引线来消除电路中的有效引线电阻,这样可以避免二线RTD中因引线电阻而产生的测量误差。

  • 四线RTD为什么比二线和三线RTD更准确?

    -四线RTD基于电压信号而非电阻来测量温度,通过测量通过RTD的恒定电流和电压降来确定温度,因此不受引线电阻的影响。

  • 如何将RTD连接到温度变送器?

    -根据RTD的线数,将相应的电缆连接到温度变送器的指定端子上,二线RTD连接到端子4和5,三线RTD连接到端子4、5和6,四线RTD连接到端子3、4、5和6。

  • 为什么测量误差会随着RTD和温度变送器之间距离的增加而增加?

    -因为引线电阻会随着电缆长度的增加而增加,这会导致测量误差的增加。

  • 在惠斯通电桥中,RTD的电阻是如何影响测量的?

    -在惠斯通电桥中,RTD的电阻与引线电阻一起被测量,如果电桥不平衡,就需要考虑引线电阻对测量结果的影响。

  • 为什么在三线RTD中需要使用等长的引线?

    -使用等长的引线可以确保两边的引线电阻相互抵消,避免因引线电阻不同而引入额外的测量误差。

  • 四线RTD的优点是什么?

    -四线RTD的优点包括更高的测量精度,不受引线电阻影响,适用于需要精确温度读数的实验室环境。

  • 四线RTD的缺点有哪些?

    -四线RTD的缺点包括成本较高,长期使用可能会因为自热效应而产生小量的测量误差。

  • 如何避免在四线RTD中因自热效应而产生的测量误差?

    -通过优化温度变送器的设计,减少电流通过时产生的热量,可以降低自热效应对测量结果的影响。

Outlines

00:00

🔍 两线RTD的引线电阻及其误差分析

本段介绍了两线RTD(热敏电阻)的引线电阻问题。在实际应用中,RTD和温度变送器通常安装在不同位置,使用两线或三线电缆连接。这些电缆的电阻会与RTD的电阻相加,导致测量误差。文中通过电路图和方程式解释了引线电阻如何影响测量结果,并举例说明了在不同情况下,引线电阻如何导致温度读数的错误。例如,使用TDPT100测量200摄氏度时,如果直接测量RTD端子的电阻,可以得到正确的175.85欧姆的读数。但如果使用1欧姆的引线电阻,测量结果将变为177.85欧姆,导致温度读数错误为205.4摄氏度,误差为5.4摄氏度。

05:02

🔧 三线RTD的工作原理及其优势

三线RTD通过使用第三个引线来消除电路中的引线电阻影响,从而提高测量的准确性。文中通过惠斯通电桥方程解释了三线RTD如何通过两个引线电阻相互抵消来减少误差。同时强调了选择等长引线的重要性,以避免因引线电阻不同而产生的测量误差。此外,还讨论了三线RTD在工业中的普遍应用,以及其相对于两线RTD的优势。

10:02

🌡 四线RTD的工作原理及优缺点

四线RTD基于电压信号而非电阻来测量温度,因此比两线和三线RTD更为准确。文中通过图解和欧姆定律解释了四线RTD的工作原理,即通过测量电阻两端的电压降来确定温度。四线RTD的优点包括更高的测量精度和不受引线电阻影响的能力,使其适用于需要精确温度读数的测试实验室。然而,四线RTD的缺点包括成本较高和长期使用可能因自热效应而产生小量测量误差。此外,还介绍了四线RTD与温度变送器的连接方法。

🔌 RTD与温度变送器的连接方法

本段提供了不同类型RTD(两线、三线和四线)与温度变送器的连接方法。详细说明了每种RTD应连接到变送器的哪些端子,以及如何进行连接。例如,两线RTD连接时使用红白两色电缆分别连接到变送器的4号和5号端子;三线RTD则使用两个红色电缆连接到5号和6号端子,白色电缆连接到4号端子;四线RTD则需要连接两个红色和两个白色电缆到相应的端子。连接完成后,打开回路电源并检查变送器的显示读数。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡电阻温度探测器

电阻温度探测器(RTD)是一种将温度变化转换为电阻值变化的传感器,广泛应用于温度测量领域。在视频中,RTD是主题,讲解了其工作原理和不同类型RTD的优缺点。例如,视频提到了两线RTD、三线RTD和四线RTD,它们在测量精度和应用场景上有所不同。

💡引线电阻

引线电阻是指连接RTD和温度变送器之间的电缆电阻。在两线RTD中,引线电阻会直接影响测量结果,导致误差。视频中提到,引线电阻是测量误差的一个主要来源,尤其是在长距离传输时。

💡惠斯通电桥

惠斯通电桥是一种测量电阻的电路,常用于RTD的温度测量。视频中解释了在平衡状态下电桥方程,以及如何通过电桥方程来计算RTD的电阻值,进而得到温度读数。

💡三线RTD

三线RTD通过增加一条额外的引线来消除电路中的有效引线电阻,从而提高测量的准确性。视频中提到,三线RTD比两线RTD更常用于工业应用,因为它可以减少引线电阻对测量结果的影响。

💡四线RTD

四线RTD通过测量电压信号而不是电阻来确定温度,因此比两线和三线RTD更为准确。视频中解释了四线RTD的工作原理,以及它如何通过恒定电流源和测量电压降来测量温度。

💡欧姆定律

欧姆定律是电流、电压和电阻之间关系的定律,指出电压降与电阻值和电流成正比。在四线RTD中,根据欧姆定律,通过测量电压降来确定电阻值,进而得到温度读数。

💡温度变送器

温度变送器是一种将温度传感器的信号转换为标准信号输出的设备。视频中提到了如何将不同类型的RTD连接到温度变送器,并强调了正确连接的重要性以确保测量的准确性。

💡测量误差

测量误差是指测量值与真实值之间的差异。视频中讨论了引线电阻如何导致两线RTD的测量误差,并解释了三线和四线RTD如何减少这种误差。

💡自加热

自加热是指设备在长时间运行时由于内部能量转换而产生的温度升高。视频中提到,四线RTD长期使用可能会因为自加热效应而产生测量误差。

💡恒定电流源

恒定电流源是一种能够提供稳定电流的设备。在四线RTD中,恒定电流源用于维持通过RTD的电流恒定,从而确保测量的准确性不受电流变化的影响。

💡连接方式

连接方式指的是将RTD传感器正确连接到温度变送器的方法。视频中详细展示了两线、三线和四线RTD的连接步骤,强调了正确连接对于确保测量准确性的重要性。

Highlights

本视频介绍了电阻温度检测器(RTD)的相关知识,包括导线电阻对测量精度的影响以及不同类型RTD的准确性比较。

在实际应用中,RTD和温度变送器通常安装在不同位置,使用两线或三线电缆连接,这些电缆的电阻会影响RTD的测量结果。

两线RTD的导线电阻会与RTD的电阻相加,导致测量误差,这种误差随着RTD与温度变送器之间距离的增加而增大。

惠斯通电桥的平衡方程式显示了导线电阻如何引入测量误差。

通过实例演示了在没有导线电阻的情况下,RTD的测量结果如何准确反映温度。

工业应用中,导线电阻的存在会导致测量误差,例如,当使用1欧姆的导线连接RTD时,会导致5.4摄氏度的误差。

三线RTD通过额外的导线消除了电路中的有效导线电阻,这是两线RTD无法做到的,因此三线RTD在工业中更常用。

三线RTD的惠斯通电桥方程式显示了导线电阻如何相互抵消,从而提高了测量的准确性。

四线RTD基于电压信号而非电阻测量温度,因此比两线和三线RTD更准确。

四线RTD通过恒定电流源和测量电压降来测量温度,电流值保持恒定,因此不会影响电压降。

四线RTD的优点包括更高的测量精度和不受导线电阻影响,常用于需要精确温度读数的实验室。

四线RTD的缺点是成本较高,长期使用可能因自热效应产生小幅度的测量误差。

介绍了两线RTD变送器的连接方法,包括电源和传感器输入的接线方式。

展示了三线RTD与温度变送器的连接过程,包括如何连接红白三根电缆。

解释了四线RTD与温度变送器的连接方式,包括四根电缆的连接方法。

视频最后感谢观众观看,并鼓励观众如果有疑问在评论区提问。

Transcripts

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Hello friends welcome back to my channel

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calibration Academy

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if you are new on this channel please

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subscribe to our Channel and press Bell

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icon to get notification and if you like

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our content please press like button it

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really help us

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and if you need video on some specific

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topic please let us know in comment box

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my today's video is on resistor

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temperature detector

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in this video you will learn

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what is lead wire resistance in RTD

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secondly you will learn why three wire

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RTD is more accurate than two-wire RTD

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in addition to this you will also learn

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why four wire RTD is more accurate than

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the two wire and three-wire RTD

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and in last part of video I'm going to

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explain how to connect RTD to

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temperature transmitter

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so please watch this video till the end

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so let's learn what is lead wire

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resistance in two-wire RTD

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as we know that in practical application

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RTD and temperature transmitter is

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mounted at different locations

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so we use two wire or three wire cables

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to connect our TV and temperature

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transmitter

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these two wire or three wire cables has

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also its own resistance which gets added

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in the resistance of the RTD

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these two wire or three wire cables

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resistance is known as lead wire

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resistance

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these lead wires produce measurement

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error and temperature reading which I'm

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going to explain in next slide

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as you can see from circuit diagram of

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two wire RTD lead wire resistance gets

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added in the resistance of the RTD and

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because of lead wire the measurement

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error also increases

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the measurement error increases with

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increase of distance between the

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temperature transmitter in the RTD

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position

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in this circuit diagram R1 R2 and R3 are

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wheatstone bridge resistors

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and our lead is the resistance of that

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particular lead wires

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and RT is the resistance of RTD

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as you can see this is an equation of

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wheatstone bridge when it is in Balance

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condition

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in this equation RX is the sum of RT and

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two lead wire resistance

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so it can be clearly seen from above

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equation that the lead resistance

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introduce error in measurement

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let's understand this thing by taking

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two examples

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as you can see in this example we have

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taken our tdpt100 and the temperature

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coefficient of this RTD is 0.00385

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now let's assume that we are measuring

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the resistance directly at the terminals

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of two wire RTD

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in other words we are measuring the

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resistance without any lead wires

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after this put the RTD in temperature

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bath and set temperature of temperature

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bath to 200 degrees Celsius

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and measure the resistance of RTD at its

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terminals you should get

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175.85 ohm resistance which is correct

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measurement

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in other words the measured resistance

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of RTD shows the correct temperature

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readings

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let's take one more example to

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understand lead wire resistance in

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detail

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and Industry applications we use a cable

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to connect the RTD to the temperature

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transmitter

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this cable resistance is known as lead

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wire resistance and it will add to the

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total resistance

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for example if we use two lead wires to

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connect our TD to temperature

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transmitter and if each lead wire

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resistance is 1 ohm

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and if we put all these values in this

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equation then we will get

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177.85 ohm resistance value

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in this example the temperature

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according to the total resistance value

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is 205.4 degrees Centigrade which is in

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correct temperature

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and if we calculate error we will get

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5.4 degrees Celsius error

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in other words the lead resistance

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introduced measurement error of 5.4

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degrees Centigrade

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done

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RTD is that freewire RTD has extra lead

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wire

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and this extra lead wire eliminates the

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effective lead resistance in circuit

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which is not possible in two-wire RTD

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hence this is a reason that three-wire

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RTD is most commonly used RTD in the

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industries

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now let's understand in detail that Y3

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wire RTD is more accurate than two wire

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RTD

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as you can see this is wheatstone Bridge

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equation for three-wire RTD

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in this equation numerator and

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denominator both have our lead and

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because of this right hand side ratio

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does not get affected due to lead

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resistance

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in other words both lead resistors

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eliminates each other effects in circuit

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however both lead wires should have

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equal lengths to avoid lead resistance

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effect in the circuit

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as you can see this is an equation when

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wheatstone Bridge Is In Balance

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condition

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in this equation lead resistance will be

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canceled each other with help of a third

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lead wire

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and this is a reason that the

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temperature measurement does not get

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affected due to lead resistance

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however as I said earlier great care

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need to be taken to choose equal lengths

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of lead wires

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in other words if you do not choose

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equal length lead wires temperature

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measurement error will occur

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done

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let's understand the operating principle

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of four wire RTD

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four wire RTD measures the temperature

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based on the voltage signal instead of

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resistance and this is reason that four

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wire RTD is more accurate than two wire

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and three-wire RTD

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let's understand this thing with the

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help of this diagram

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as you can see from the picture that

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four wire RTD is constant current Source

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in series with the two lead wires

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and the voltage drop is measured across

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the another two lead wires

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Ohm's law states that voltage drop

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across resistor is directly proportional

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to current and resistance value of that

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resistor

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so in this equation current value will

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remain constant or very minimum because

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of constant current source

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in other words current value does not

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affect voltage drop across resistor

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and the voltage will be generated based

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on the change in resistance which

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depends on the measured temperature

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in other words RTD resistance will

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change with temperature change and it

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will change voltage drop across two lead

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resistors

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hence temperature is measured based on

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voltage drop across two lead resistors

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now let's learn what are the pros and

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cons of four wire RTD

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first of all let's understand what are

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the advantages of having four wire RTD

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firstly four wire RTD reads more

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accurate than the two wire and

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three-wire RTD

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and it is commonly used in test

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Laboratories where exact temperature

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readings are required

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secondly four-wire RTD does not get

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affected by lead wire resistance

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and this is a reason that it gives High

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degree of accurate temperature

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measurement

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there are a few drawbacks of having four

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wire RTD

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first drawback is that four wire RTD is

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more expensive than the two wire and

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three-wire RTD

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in addition to this if you use four wire

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RTD for long period of time it will

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produce small amount of measurement

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error because of self-heating

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structure of temperature transmitter

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terminal number one and terminal number

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two are for power supply

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in other words Loop power supply will be

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connected to terminal number 1 and

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terminal number two

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and terminal number three four five and

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six are used for RTD sensor input

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as name suggests two-wire transmitter

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has two cables one cable is red and

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other cable is white

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to connect two wire RTD to temperature

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transmitter connect red cable to

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terminal number five

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and connect white cable to terminal

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number four of temperature transmitter

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in this section I am going to show how

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to connect three wire RTD to temperature

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transmitter

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as name suggests three wire RTD has

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three cables

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two red cables and one white cable

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to connect three wire RTD to temperature

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transmitter connect one of the red cable

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to terminal number five

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and another red cable to terminal number

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six

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after this connect white cable to

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terminal number four of temperature

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transmitter

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once you are done with RTD connection

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turn on Loop power supply and check the

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reading on display

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in this section I am going to show four

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wire RTD connection with temperature

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transmitter

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as name suggests four wire RTD has four

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cables

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two red cables

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and two white cables

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to connect four wire RTD with

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temperature transmitter connect one of

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the red cable to terminal number five

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and another red cable to terminal number

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six

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after this connect one of the white

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cable to terminal number three and

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another white cable to terminal number

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four of temperature transmitter

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once you are done with connection turn

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on Loop power supply and check the

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reading on display of transmitter

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电阻温度温度检测RTD校准三线RTD四线RTD测量误差温度传感器温度变送器工业应用技术教程精确测量
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