How is PAPER Made from WOOD? Amazing Paper Production Factory!
Summary
TLDRThis video explains the process of how paper is made from trees. It highlights the paper industry's global scale, emphasizing the use of cellulose from fast-growing trees like eucalyptus. The video covers every step, from tree felling and reforestation to the transportation of logs, debarking, and pulp production. The process involves cooking wood chips to extract cellulose, bleaching the pulp, and forming it into paper sheets through a series of mechanical processes. The final product is tested for quality before being packaged and distributed for use.
Takeaways
- π Each year, over 400 million tons of paper are consumed globally, requiring around 15 trees to produce one ton of paper.
- π² Trees like eucalyptus, birch, and poplar are widely used for their fast growth and high cellulose content in paper production.
- πͺ The paper-making process begins with tree felling using a 25-ton forest harvester, where selected trees are cut based on age, size, and health.
- π Harvested wood is transported to the paper mill, where logs are debarked and chopped into wood chips for pulp production.
- πΏ Pulp is made by cooking wood chips in an acidic solution, dissolving the lignin and separating the cellulose fibers.
- π§ͺ After the pulp is cleaned, it is bleached using chlorine-free methods like oxygen and peroxide to make white paper.
- π The bleached pulp is then processed into paper sheets through mesh screens, pressing, and drying in a continuous paper machine.
- π Quality controls, including checks for strength, weight, and smoothness, are conducted throughout the process to ensure paper standards.
- π¦ Paper rolls are cut into smaller sheets or kept as large rolls, depending on customer requirements, and prepared for distribution.
- π Automated robots assist in storing and feeding paper into cutters, where production reaches up to 55,000 sheets per minute.
Q & A
How much paper is consumed worldwide each year?
-More than 400 million tons of paper are consumed worldwide each year.
How many trees are needed to produce one ton of paper?
-Around 15 trees are needed to produce one ton of paper.
What is the historical origin of paper?
-It is believed that paper was invented in China during the Han Dynasty around the 2nd Century BC.
How has the paper production process evolved over time?
-The invention of the paper machine allowed mass production in the mid-19th century, and chemical methods for bleaching pulp were introduced to improve paper quality.
What is the primary material used to make paper?
-The primary material used to make paper is wood pulp, which is extracted from cellulose found in trees.
Why are eucalyptus trees widely used in paper production?
-Eucalyptus trees are used because they have a high cellulose content in their wood, grow quickly, and are efficient for paper production.
How does the reforestation process contribute to the sustainability of the paper industry?
-Reforestation involves planting new trees to replace those harvested, ensuring the renewal of forest resources and contributing to the sustainability of the wood supply for paper production.
What is the role of the 25-ton Forest Harvester in the paper production process?
-The 25-ton Forest Harvester is used to fell selected trees in a controlled manner, turning them into manageable pieces of wood for transportation to the pulp and paper mill.
How does the paper mill process the wood to make paper?
-The paper mill processes the wood by debarking the logs, cutting them into chips, and cooking the chips in a digester with an acidic solution to separate the cellulose fibers and create pulp.
What is the purpose of bleaching the pulp in the paper-making process?
-Bleaching the pulp is done to remove any remaining lignin that would cause the paper to yellow over time, and it is done using chlorine-free methods like oxygen and peroxide to protect the environment.
How is the paper formed into sheets during the production process?
-The paper is formed into sheets by pouring the pulp onto a continuous mesh, allowing the water to drain and the fibers to interlock. The sheet then passes through pressing and drying sections to remove water and provide strength.
What is the production rate of the paper mill mentioned in the script?
-The production rate is 55,000 sheets per minute.
Outlines
π² The Journey from Tree to Paper
This paragraph delves into the massive scale of paper consumption, with over 400 million tons used annually, necessitating the harvesting of approximately 15 trees per ton of paper produced. The paper production process, which can reach 55,000 sheets per minute, begins with the felling of trees using a 25-ton Forest Harvester. The wood is then transported to a pulp and paper mill where it undergoes a transformation. The historical context of paper's invention in China during the Han Dynasty and the subsequent advancements in paper machine technology and chemical bleaching methods are also highlighted. The paragraph emphasizes the use of wood pulp, primarily from fast-growing tree species like eucalyptus, which is both sustainable and efficient due to its high cellulose content and quick growth rate. The process of reforestation post-harvesting is crucial for maintaining a renewable wood supply for paper production.
π The Paper Making Process
The second paragraph outlines the intricate paper making process that begins with the arrival of wood logs at the mill. The logs are debarked, chipped, and cooked in a digestor to separate the cellulose fibers from the lignin. The resulting pulp is cleaned and bleached using chlorine-free methods to ensure a white, high-quality product. The bleached pulp is then processed through a paper machine, where it is formed into sheets, pressed to remove water, and dried using heated cylinders. The paper's quality is meticulously checked at various stages, and the final product is rolled into large rolls, some of which are cut into smaller sheets or rolls for distribution. The efficiency of the process is highlighted by the production of 55,000 sheets per minute and the storage of rolls in an automated warehouse. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to watch a related video on Doritos production and to engage with the content by liking, sharing, and subscribing to the channel.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Cellulose
π‘Eucalyptus
π‘Debarking
π‘Pulp
π‘Sustainability
π‘Reforestation
π‘Bleaching
π‘Paper Machine
π‘Digestor
π‘Selective Logging
Highlights
Over 400 million tons of paper are consumed globally each year.
15 trees are required to produce one ton of paper.
Paper production reaches 55,000 sheets per minute.
Giant harvesters gather wood to meet the high demand for paper.
Paper was invented in China during the Han Dynasty around the 2nd Century BC.
The invention of the paper machine enabled mass production in the mid-19th century.
Chemical methods for bleaching pulp were introduced, enhancing paper quality.
The paper industry is one of the largest in the world, producing millions of tons annually.
Wood pulp, extracted from cellulose in trees, is the primary material for paper.
Fast-growing species from forest plantations are used for cellulose production.
Eucalyptus trees are widely used due to their high cellulose content and rapid growth.
A single eucalyptus tree provides oxygen for three people to breathe daily.
Some eucalyptus varieties can be harvested in 10 to 15 years.
The paper-making process starts with tree felling, using a 25-ton Forest Harvester.
Reforestation is carried out post-harvesting to ensure the renewal of forest resources.
The paper-making process at the mill begins with the arrival of wood logs.
Pulp is made from a mixture containing 65% eucalyptus, 25% birch, and 10% poplar.
Two tons of wood are needed to produce one ton of paper pulp.
Logs are debarked to remove unwanted chemicals like tannin.
The wood chips are cooked in a digestor to separate the cellulose fibers from the lignin.
The pulp is bleached using chlorine-free methods with oxygen and peroxide.
The paper machine forms paper sheets through a series of sections and screens.
The paper sheet passes through heated cylinders to complete the drying process.
Quality controls are performed to ensure the paper meets desired standards.
The finished paper is rolled into large rolls, some weighing over 35 tons.
The rolls are either delivered as is or sent to paper cutters for further processing.
Production can reach 55,000 sheets per minute, with 6,600 packs of printing paper produced in an hour.
Transcripts
each year more than 400 million tons of
paper are consumed worldwide around 15
trees are needed to produce one ton of
paper production reaches 55,000 sheets
per minute to meet this great demand
enormous Harvesters gather tons of wood
but how does wood become paper we
visited a paper mill to discover how
paper is made from trees It is believed
that paper was invented in China during
the Han Dynasty around the 2 Century BC
the invention of the paper machine
allowed mass production in the mid 19th
century chemical methods for bleaching
pulp were introduced which improved
paper quality the paper industry is one
of the largest in the world millions of
tons of paper are produced each year to
meet Global demand mainly wood pulp
extracted from cellulose found in trees
is used to make paper the wood used in
cellulose production comes from forest
plantations of fast growing species
cellulose is a natural fiber found in
the cell wall of plants and is
particularly abundant in Wood eucalyptus
trees are widely used especially in
tropical and subtropical regions they
have a high cellulose content in their
wood and grow quickly making them an
efficient option a tree like this
provides oxygen for three people to
breathe each day some varieties of
eucalyptus can be harvested in 10 to 15
years the paper making process begins
with tree felling in the forests trees
selected for Harvest are ch chosen
carefully considering their age size and
health selection may be based on a
selective logging approach where only
mature and ready to harvest trees are
cut selected trees are felled in a
controlled manner this process is
carried out using a 25 ton Forest
Harvester The Cutting head grips a tree
with a lathlike device and a saw just
under 1 m in size cuts the trunk the FED
tree passes through the head where four
blades cut off its branches and the saw
cuts it into more manageable pieces it
takes just 40 seconds to turn a Tall
Tree into a pile of wood chunks the wood
is loaded onto trucks and transported to
the Pulp and Paper Mill after harvesting
reforestation is carried out to ensure
the renewal of forest resources this
involves planting new trees to replace
those harvested contributing to the
sustainability of the wood supply for
paper production the paper making
process begins with the arrival of the
wood each day more than 200 trucks
loaded with hundreds of logs arrive at
the paper mill the wood logs are
unloaded in the designated area The
Machine's clamp can lift 25 tons of logs
at once with a single log at least 15
packs of copier paper are made paper is
made from a pulp that contains 65%
eucalyptus 25% Birch and 10% popler to
produce one ton of paper pulp 2 tons of
wood are needed first the cellulose must
be extracted but bark is rich in tannin
and other unwanted chemicals so the logs
must be debarked this process takes
place in a debarker that removes the
bark from the logs the logs are placed
in this enormous debarking drum inside
they collide with each other and against
the walls and the contact removes the
bark it is a process that lasts 20
minutes the bark will be burned to
produce the steam needed to make the
paper the peeled logs exit from the
other end onto a conveyor belt that
carries them to a cutter that first Cuts
them and then reduces them to chips the
largest source of wood chips for paper
making comes from recycled Sawmill
scraps the chips are stored temporarily
before entering the cooking process this
storage allows a continuous flow of raw
material throughout the manufacturing
process these five piles contain a total
of 30,000 tons of wood the next step is
to turn those wood chunks into pulp the
wood chips are transported to the pulp
mill on a conveyor belt upon entering
the pulp Mill the wood chips are
introduced into a digestor where they
are cooked in an acidic solution to
dissolve the linen and separate the
plant fibers the necessary chemicals for
the wood cooking process are prepared
and will be used in the digestion stage
to separate the linen from the cellulose
fibers during this step the linen
dissolves releasing the cellulose fibers
and creating a mixture called pulp this
enormous cylinder is the digestor where
the wood is cooked for several hours at
a temperature of
158Β° C pulp is the key raw material for
paper making and will undergo additional
processes to turn it into paper sheets
once cooked the brown pulp exits the
digestor and is sent to the thickener
with this spatula the quality of the
brown pulp is modified the obtained pulp
may contain impurities and remnants of
linin at this stage an additional
cleaning and defibration are performed
to separate the cellulose fibers and
remove any unwanted material the fibers
are washed to remove the acidic solution
I and the pulp is now soft and
fibrous next it needs to be bleached
before it can be used to make white
paper the pulp is bleached and filtered
to remove any remaining lining that
would cause the paper to Yellow over
time to protect the environment this
bleaching is chlorine free using oxygen
and peroxide the wood chips that entered
the pulp Mill have now been turned into
a soft white pulp the main raw
ingredient for making paper the prepared
pulp is taken to the paper machine where
the paper sheet formation process begins
the paper machine consists of a series
of sections and screens and the pulp is
poured onto a continuous mesh allowing
the water to drain and the fibers to
interlock to form the sheet the water is
extracted with this equipment which
operates at a speed of 1,60 m per minute
after the initial formation the paper
sheet passes through pressing sections
where some of the water is removed next
the sheet passes through heated
cylinders that apply pressure and heat
to complete the drying process this
process reduces the water content and
provides strength to the sheet between
the input and output the water
concentration in the pulp drops from 95%
to
5% subsequently it passes through a
calendaring stage where the paper sheet
passes between hot rollers that smooth
and improve the uniformity of the
paper's surface next technicians check
the paper's quality parameters and note
any anomaly
throughout the process quality controls
are performed to ensure the paper meets
the desired standards the weight
strength and smoothness are inspected
then the paper is rolled the now dry and
formed paper sheet is rewound into large
rolls these rolls can be cut into
smaller sheets according to customer
requirements with this transfer crane a
full roll is changed for an empty one a
roll weighs more than 35 tons and
contains 60 km of P paper some will be
delivered as is While others will go
through the paper Cutters the rolls are
sent to the automated Warehouse the
rolls that will be cut later are stored
in the warehouse robots Guided by rails
in the floor feed the paper cutter this
one produces copier paper the robots are
controlled from a central computer
operated by technicians then the paper
is cut into standard siiz sheets or
smaller rolls ready for distribution
production reaches 55,000 sheets per
minute four automatic receivers and
operators check the paper quality before
packaging the finished paper is packaged
according to customer specifications and
stored for shipment in just 1 hour
6,600 packs of printing paper are
produced if you want to know how Doritos
are made watch the video on your screen
and please like the video If you enjoyed
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