DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN DI INDONESIA | Sejarah Indonesia

Summary

This video delves into Indonesia's political landscape during the era of 'Guided Democracy' from 1959 to 1965. It discusses President Soekarno's view that liberal democracy was unsuitable for Indonesia's national character, leading to the adoption of a more centralized form of democracy. Key events include the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and the reimplementation of the 1945 Constitution. The video also covers Soekarno's political manifesto, 'Manifol-Usdek,' which became the official ideology, and the establishment of the National Front under his leadership. It touches on the 'Nasakom' concept uniting nationalists, religious, and communist forces, and the political tensions between the Army, the Communist Party, and Soekarno. The video concludes by hinting at future discussions on Indonesia's foreign policy, the confrontation with Malaysia, and the liberation of West Papua from Dutch control.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the political life of Indonesia during the period of 'Guided Democracy', from 1959 to 1965.
• 🏛️ President Soekarno introduced 'Guided Democracy' to replace 'Liberal Democracy', which he believed was unsuitable for Indonesia's national character.
• 🌐 The implementation of Guided Democracy was influenced by political instability, the failure of the Constituent Assembly to create a new constitution, and Soekarno's view that Liberal Democracy was an unsuitable import.
• 📜 In July 1959, Soekarno met with key figures to discuss steps for Indonesia's future, resulting in the reimplementation of the 1945 Constitution and the end of the Liberal Democracy era.
• 🔄 Soekarno became the central figure in Indonesian politics during Guided Democracy, with significant influence over political decisions.
• 📝 The 'Manifesto Politik' or 'Mani-Pules' outlined five key concepts: the 1945 Constitution, Indonesian Socialism, Guided Democracy, Guided Economy, and Indonesian Identity.
• 🏛️ The government regulated political parties through Government Regulation No. 7 of 1959, requiring them to support the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila, and to operate peacefully and democratically.
• 🤝 Soekarno established the 'Front Nasional' to uphold the Proclamation of Independence and the ideals of the 1945 Constitution.
• 🔄 The 'Nasakom' concept, an acronym for Nationalism, Religion, and Communism, was used to unite the three main political forces in Indonesia at the time.
• ⚖️ There were several political deviations during Guided Democracy, including the establishment of a lifelong presidency for Soekarno and the formation of a new DPR against the 1945 Constitution's principles.

Q & A

What was President Soekarno's view on liberal democracy in relation to the Indonesian national character?

President Soekarno believed that liberal democracy was not suitable for the Indonesian national character and wanted to replace it with guided democracy.

Why was guided democracy implemented in Indonesia?

Guided democracy was implemented in Indonesia due to political instability during the liberal democracy era, the failure of the Constituent Assembly to create a new constitution, and Soekarno's belief that liberal democracy was an unsuitable imported product for Indonesia.

What significant actions did President Soekarno take in July 1959 to shift towards guided democracy?

In July 1959, President Soekarno held meetings with key figures, including the Speaker of the House of Representatives, ministers, military leaders, and national figures, to discuss the steps to be taken for Indonesia. They agreed to reinstate the 1945 Constitution, leading to the issuance of Presidential Decree containing three main provisions, effectively ending the era of liberal democracy and beginning guided democracy.

How did President Soekarno's guided democracy affect the political landscape in Indonesia?

Under guided democracy, the political landscape was centralized around President Soekarno's leadership, making him the singular actor in Indonesian politics.

What were the five key ideas in President Soekarno's 'manifesto politik' or 'manipol-usdek'?

The 'manifesto politik' or 'manipol-usdek' encompassed five key ideas: the 1945 Constitution, Indonesian socialism, guided democracy, guided economy, and Indonesian personality.

What was the role of political parties during the guided democracy era as per the Government Regulation No. 7 of 1959?

Political parties were required to accept and defend the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila, and to achieve their political aspirations peacefully and democratically. They could only receive foreign aid with government approval and had to have branches in at least three-quarters of Indonesian territory.

What was the purpose of establishing the Front Nasional (National Front) by President Soekarno?

The Front Nasional was established to uphold the ideals of the Proclamation of Independence and the aspirations contained in the 1945 Constitution.

What was the concept of 'resopim' introduced by President Soekarno, and what was its goal?

Resopim, an acronym for 'revolutionary socialism and national leadership,' was introduced to strengthen President Soekarno's position. Its essence was to achieve all aspects of national and state life through a revolution inspired by socialism and controlled by a single national leadership, known as the 'Great Commander of the Revolution,' which referred to President Soekarno.

How did the concept of 'nasakom' contribute to the political dynamics during the guided democracy era?

Nasakom, an abbreviation for 'nationalism, religion, and communism,' was a concept aimed at uniting the three main political forces in Indonesia at the time. It was utilized by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) to strengthen its political presence, leading to tensions between the PKI and the Army.

What were some of the deviations from the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila during President Soekarno's guided democracy?

Deviations included Soekarno's lifelong presidency based on a MPRS decision, the formation of the MPRS with members agreeing with his political manifesto instead of being elected, and the establishment of the Supreme Advisory Council and the 'DPR-GR' (Joint Secretariat of the People's Representative Council) which contradicted the 1945 Constitution.