Kritik, Hal Tabu bagi Orde Baru

Summary

The transcript details significant events in Indonesia's history, focusing on the 1970s and 1980s. It describes protests against Japanese investment, the rejection of economic projects like Taman Mini Indonesia Indah amid a poor economy, and high corruption cases. The 1977 student movement's initial demands were to eradicate rampant corruption but evolved into opposing Soeharto's re-election. The government's response included surveillance, suppression of political expression, and the enforcement of Pancasila as the sole ideology. The 'Petisi 50' in 1980, a protest against the misuse of Pancasila to silence political dissent, led to economic and political marginalization for its signatories. The narrative also touches on the challenges faced by individuals like Ali Sadikin, who experienced discrimination and restrictions during the New Order era.

Takeaways

• 🗓️ The script discusses a pivotal moment in Indonesian history, starting from January 15, 1974, with protests against Japanese investment and the government's response.
• 📢 The early 1970s saw a surge in public criticism against the Indonesian government, including the rejection of the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah project and concerns over economic conditions and corruption.
• 📉 The government's response to criticism involved increased surveillance and suppression, including the banning of four newspapers in 1977.
• 🎓 Student movements re-emerged in the late 1970s, initially focusing on combating rampant corruption but later opposing President Soeharto's re-election.
• 🚫 The government's crackdown on dissent was severe, leading to the imprisonment and banning of protests by students and others who opposed the regime.
• 📜 The script mentions the normalization of campus life, where political activity among students was heavily restricted, effectively silencing their voices.
• 📜 The Indonesian government emphasized Pancasila as the sole foundation of all aspects of society, with any deviation being labeled as anti-Pancasila.
• 💭 The script highlights the 'Petisi 50', a group of 50 prominent figures who signed a protest letter expressing deep concern over the misuse of Pancasila to suppress political opponents.
• 🏢 The economic and political marginalization of the Petisi 50 members, with some facing travel restrictions and other forms of discrimination.
• 🛑 The script concludes with references to the aftermath of the Petisi 50, including trials of some members on subversive charges and the broader implications for those opposing the government.

Q & A

What significant event occurred on January 15, 1974, in Indonesia?

On January 15, 1974, students, schoolchildren, and the general public took to the streets in protest against the influx of Japanese investment in Indonesia.

What was the public's reaction to the construction of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah during the economic crisis?

The public rejected the construction of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, considering it a wasteful expenditure during a time of economic hardship.

What were the main demands of the student movement that emerged in various cities across Indonesia in 1977?

The student movement in 1977 initially focused on the eradication of rampant corruption but later evolved into a rejection of Soeharto's reappointment as president.

What were the consequences faced by students after the 1977 protests?

Following the protests, many students faced arrests, and some were expelled from their universities.

Outlines

00:00

🗣️ Student Protests and Political Criticism in Indonesia

The first paragraph describes a significant moment in Indonesian history when students, scholars, and the general public took to the streets on January 15, 1974, to protest against the influx of Japanese investment. This event marked the first in a series of criticisms against the government, which began in the early 1970s. The economic downturn, rampant corruption, and the imprisonment of political activists without trial were among the key issues that fueled public discontent. The government, increasingly wary of criticism, began to suppress dissent, leading to the emergence of student movements in various cities across Indonesia. Initially focused on eradicating corruption, these movements later evolved into a rejection of President Soeharto's nomination for a second term. The government's response was harsh, with demonstrations being banned and several students facing expulsion. The normalization of campus life was imposed, effectively silencing political discourse among students. The paragraph also touches on the government's emphasis on Pancasila as the sole foundation of all aspects of Indonesian life, with any deviation from this ideology being labeled as anti-Pancasila. This period saw the signing of a protest letter by prominent national figures, expressing deep concern over the misuse of Pancasila to suppress political opponents.

05:01

🛑 Forced Disappearances and State Repression

The second paragraph delves into the dark period following the 'Petisi 50', where individuals and groups opposing the government or perceived as threats to national stability faced forced disappearances, leading to a number of bloody incidents. The narrative highlights the government's efforts to prepare and suppress groups that were seen as opposing the government, resulting in violence and loss of life. The paragraph underscores the severity of state repression during this time, with the use of force and intimidation tactics to maintain control and quell dissent.

Keywords

💡Investment

Investment refers to the commitment of resources with the expectation of generating a return. In the context of the video, it relates to the public's opposition to the influx of Japanese investments in Indonesia, which was perceived as exploitative during a time of economic hardship. The script mentions 'derasnya investasi Jepang yang masuk ke Indonesia', highlighting a critical moment where the public's resistance was voiced against what they saw as economic imperialism.

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, consisting of five principles that include belief in one supreme God, just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy led by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations among representatives, and social justice for all of the people of Indonesia. The video discusses how the government emphasized Pancasila as the sole basis for all aspects of social life, using it as a tool to suppress dissent and control political discourse, as seen in the phrase 'Pancasila sebagai asas tunggal dari semua sendi kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia'.

💡Protests

Protests are public demonstrations of objection to a policy, decision, or situation. The video script describes a series of protests, starting with the 'Gom pertama' in 1974, where students, scholars, and the general public took to the streets to voice their opposition to the government's economic policies and perceived corruption. These protests were a form of resistance against the regime's policies and actions.

💡Censorship

Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. In the video, censorship is evident in the government's actions against the press, as mentioned in 'empat surat kabar di bredel yang, bertahan tak lepas dari pengawasan', indicating that the media was under strict control and could not operate freely.

💡Corruption

Corruption is the abuse of power for personal gain. The script highlights public outrage over 'korupsi', which was rampant during the period discussed. The protests and movements mentioned in the video were partly driven by the people's demand to address and eradicate corruption, as seen in 'tuntutan semula bermuara pada pemberantasan korupsi yang merajalela'.

💡Normalization

Normalization, in the context of the video, refers to the government's efforts to control and regulate campus life to suppress political activities among students. The term is used to describe the 'penerapan aturan normalisasi kehidupan kampus', which aimed to limit the political expression and involvement of students, effectively silencing their voices in political matters.

💡Petisi 50

Petisi 50 refers to a group of 50 prominent Indonesian figures who signed a protest letter against the government's actions. The video mentions 'anggota petisi 50', indicating that these individuals faced significant repercussions for their dissent, including economic and political marginalization, and in some cases, legal action for being perceived as subversive.

💡Human Rights

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled. The video touches on violations of these rights, such as 'pengiriman ribuan tahanan politik tokulo buruh, tanpa pengadilan', which illustrates the government's disregard for due process and the rights of political prisoners.

Highlights

On January 15, 1974, a combination of students, schoolchildren, and the general public took to the streets to protest against the influx of Japanese investment.

The protests were the first in a series of criticisms aimed at the government since the early 1970s, including the rejection of the construction of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah amidst a poor economic condition.

High corruption

Transcripts

[Musik]

Hai menyentuhku 15.00 Januari 1974

gabungan mahasiswa pelajar dan

masyarakat umum turun kejalan berteriak

lantang menentang derasnya investasi

Jepang yang masuk ke Indonesia aksi ini

menjadi Gom pertama dari serangkaian

kritik yang ditujukan untuk pemerintah

sejak awal tahun 1970 seperti penolakan

pembangunan Taman Mini Indonesia Indah

di tengah kondisi ekonomi yang terpuruk

tingginya kasus korupsi pengiriman

ribuan tahanan politik tokulo buruh

tanpa pengadilan dan jelasnya kedaulatan

Indonesia ke

di Indonesia The total hahaha pasca

melalui pemerintah semakin Awas terhadap

kritik dan siapa saja yang berseberangan

empat surat kabar di bredel yang

bertahan tak lepas dari pengawasan ada

1977 gerakan mahasiswa kembali muncul di

berbagai kota di Indonesia tuntutan

semula bermuara pada pemberantasan

korupsi yang merajalela namun kemudian

berujung pada penolakan pencalonan

Soeharto sebagai presiden Haryono 1977

1983 aksi ini diganjar penertipan dan

pelarangan unjukrasa dalam bentuk apapun

oleh aparat beberapa mahasiswa bahkan

dimejahijaukan puncaknya adalah

penerapan aturan normalisasi kehidupan

kampus yang mengebiri kehidupan politik

mahasiswa praktis suara mahasiswa

dibungkam

e-compass mencatat sejak awal 1980 and

pemerintah mulai gencar menegaskan

Pancasila sebagai asas tunggal dari

semua sendi kehidupan masyarakat

Indonesia semua organisasi wajib

berasaskan Pancasila tidak boleh yang

lain siapapun yang tidak sejalan dengan

rezim orde baru dan melontarkan kritik

kepada pemerintah maka layak dituduh

sebagai anti Pancasila Pancasila sebagai

dasar negara yang tercantum di dalam

undang-undang Dasar 45 ini dengan

dirinya harus kita terima sebagai

ideologi mana gila jelas yang berarti

juga sebagai pandangan hidup kalau

demikian ini harus konsumen-konsumen

Siapa itu rupiah sudah jora.id oleh

tinggal dan kalau belum bisa meninggal

tuh sangat sudah diparkir di

Hai ada lima mei 1980 Tokoh nasional

yang terdiri dari negarawan politisi

akademisi hingga pejabat tinggi ABRI

seperti Muhammad Nasir M Yasin Abdul

Haris Nasution hugeng Imam Santoso

Syarifudin prawiranegara hingga Ali

Sadikin menandatangani surat protes

untuk pemerintah isinya merupakan

ungkapan keprihatinan mendalam sekaligus

kritik atas sikap Presiden Soeharto yang

menyalahgunakan filosofi bangsa

sekaligus dasar negara Pancasila untuk

membungkam lawan politiknya pemerintah

tak tinggal diam anggota petisi 50

dikucilkan baik secara ekonomi dan

politik gerak-geriknya diawasi sebagian

besar mendapatkan pencekalan untuk

keluar negeri sulitkan kita keluar masuk

tiap hari di depan Ade Intel gitu banyak

sekali

Duo sempat lagi lebaran kita keluar Bun

gitu jadi uh indahnya udah nongkrong

depan pintu ya spaleck kan tahu sendiri

orangnya berhenti didepan mobil

dipanggil to internet masuk ke teluk ada

yang berani masuk akhirnya memutus doa

orang nah disitu lucu internet cerita

kok bukan saya aja kalau saya melihat

Baik bapak katanya gak papa tuh ada juga

Intel dari mana Dari Made yang beritahu

betul dan mungkin kenal Nama saya ada

saya bikin atau episode menjadi mereka

kadang suka ngambil jarak gitu kalau

saya lagi Soalnya ada urusan suatu Terus

kalau tahun selesai anaknya Bali Sadikin

dan mereka jadi agak berubah kayak gitu

yang jalani kata saya waktu itu Waktu

itu kan dia mau bisnis usaha apa atus

minjem silahken itu Kediri itu sahaya

setelah tahu ini anaknya Ali Sadikin ya

Nah Enggak ngaji berikan kayak gitu Ali

Sadikin hanya

satu dari 50 orang yang mendapat

pencekalan dan diskriminasi semasa Orde

Baru bahkan pada 1985 tahun setelah

petisi 50 Kompas tempat memerintahkan

beberapa anggota petisi 50 ada yang

diadili karena tuduhan Dianggap

subversif

Hai Tu

the f*** pasca petisi 50 mereka-mereka

yang berseberangan dengan pemerintah

atau kelompok yang dianggap mengancam

stabilitas nasional mengalami

penghilangan paksa yang berujung pada

penghilangan nyawa sejumlah peristiwa

berdarah terjadi akibat upaya menyiapkan

kelompok-kelompok masyarakat yang

dianggap berseberangan dengan pemerintah

[Musik]

[Musik]