Fisiología del Ciclo Sexual Femenino: hormonal, ovárico y uterino. #ENARM

Summary

This video explains the physiology of the female genital cycle, focusing on key hormones like estrogen and progesterone, as well as the role of the uterus, ovaries, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. It covers the two main phases of the menstrual cycle—the proliferative and secretory phases—and describes how follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) regulate ovulation and the production of progesterone. The video also explores the significance of these hormonal processes in therapies related to hormone replacement, contraception, and menopause, providing a comprehensive understanding of the female reproductive system.

Takeaways

• 😀 The female genital cycle involves multiple organs including the uterus, ovaries, hypothalamus, and pituitary.
• 😀 The uterus has three layers: endometrium (with proliferative and secretory phases), myometrium (smooth muscle), and perimetrium (outer layer).
• 😀 The endometrium has two key layers: the functional layer (which sheds during menstruation) and the basal layer (which regenerates the endometrium after menstruation).
• 😀 Asherman syndrome is a condition where the basal layer of the endometrium is absent, often resulting in amenorrhea after uterine procedures.
• 😀 Estrogens, particularly estradiol, are crucial for stimulating sexual organ growth and the proliferation of the endometrium in the menstrual cycle.
• 😀 Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation, and it prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy by transforming the endometrium into a secretory state.
• 😀 The ovarian cycle consists of two main phases: the follicular phase (triggered by FSH) and the luteal phase (triggered by LH).
• 😀 Ovulation occurs due to a spike in LH, which is preceded by an increase in estradiol during the follicular phase.
• 😀 Hormonal regulation of the cycle involves feedback loops. Rapid pulses of GnRH stimulate LH release, while slower pulses stimulate FSH production.
• 😀 Estrogen production in the ovaries is influenced by aromatase, an enzyme found in granulosa cells of the follicles, converting androgens into estrogens like estradiol.
• 😀 If pregnancy doesn't occur, the corpus luteum regresses, causing a drop in progesterone levels and leading to menstruation, marked by the shedding of the endometrial lining.

Q & A

What organs are involved in the female genital cycle?

The main organs involved are the uterus, ovaries, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland.

What are the three layers of the uterus?

The three layers of the uterus are the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium.

What is the function of the basal layer of the endometrium?

The basal layer's main function is to regenerate the endometrium after each menstrual cycle.

What condition is associated with the absence of the basal layer in the uterus?

The absence of the basal layer is associated with Asherman's syndrome, which can lead to amenorrhea.

What are the two phases of the endometrial cycle?

The two phases are the proliferative phase, which occurs before ovulation, and the secretory phase, which happens after ovulation.

What are the primary hormones involved in the ovarian cycle?

The primary hormones are estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the phases of the ovarian cycle.

What is the role of estradiol in the ovarian cycle?

Estradiol, an estrogen, stimulates the growth and proliferation of the female sexual organs, and plays a critical role in regulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

How does the LH peak contribute to ovulation?

The LH peak triggers ovulation by inducing the release of the egg from the dominant follicle, usually around day 14 of the cycle.

What is the function of progesterone during the luteal phase?

Progesterone prepares the body for potential pregnancy by thickening the endometrium, supporting lactation, increasing basal body temperature, and promoting changes in cervical mucus.

How do FSH and LH regulate the female genital cycle?

FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland. FSH stimulates follicular growth and the production of estrogen, while LH triggers ovulation and supports the luteal phase. Their secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus via pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).