Biomes Our Earth's Major Life Zones 25m49s

Summary

This script explores Earth's diverse biomes, from tropical rainforests teeming with life to the harsh deserts with their specialized flora and fauna. It delves into the characteristics of terrestrial biomes like deciduous forests, grasslands, and the cold taiga, as well as aquatic biomes, including freshwater and marine ecosystems. The summary highlights the unique adaptations of plants and animals to their environments and the importance of understanding and preserving these vital ecosystems.

Takeaways

• 🌳 Biomes are geographical areas filled with a major community of plants and animals, representing Earth's major life zones.
• 🍂 Temperate deciduous trees must lose their leaves in autumn to prevent water loss during frozen winters, as they are adapted to cold climates with warm summers and abundant rainfall.
• 🌾 The grassland biome, known for its nutrient-rich soil, is often used for agriculture and is identified as the 'breadbasket of the world'.
• 🌲 Evergreen trees, such as conifers, are able to keep their leaves all year and survive cold, snowy winters due to their adaptation to maintain water and nutrient flow.
• ❄️ There are no trees in the tundra because the short growing season and shallow thawed ground layer do not support tree growth, and the climate is extremely cold and dry.
• 💧 Less than 1/100 of 1% of the Earth's fresh water exists in rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes, with most freshwater being locked up in polar ice caps, glaciers, or underground.
• 🐠 Two of the five types of ocean biomes presented are coral reefs and the open ocean, each hosting a diverse range of marine life.
• 🔥 The chaparral biome, best represented by evergreen shrubs, is adapted to survive the destructive forces of fires, with some plants requiring fire for seed germination.
• 🐍 In tropical rainforests, reptiles, mammals, and a huge variety of insects compete fiercely for nutrients within the warm, misty environment.
• 🐢 Some desert animals survive the hot daytime periods by burrowing into the cooler ground to avoid the extreme heat.

Q & A

Geographical areas filled with a major community of plants and animals are known as what?

Biomes.

What type of trees must lose their leaves in autumn to prevent water loss during frozen winters?

Deciduous trees.

Name the biome that has nutrient-rich soil and is most often used for agriculture, often identified as the breadbasket of the world.

The grassland biome.

What type of trees are able to keep their leaves all year and survive cold, snowy winters?

Evergreen trees, specifically coniferous trees in the context of the script.

Why are there no trees in the tundra?

The tundra has a short growing season and a shallow layer of thawed ground due to the constant low temperatures that freeze the deeper layers of the ground permanently, preventing the growth of trees.

Where does less than 1/100 of 1% of the Earth's fresh water exist?

In rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes.

Name two of the five types of ocean biomes presented in this script.

Coastal waters and coral reefs.

Is it true that some parts of the world the chaparral biome is best represented by evergreen shrubs that are able to survive the destructive forces of floods?

False. The chaparral biome is characterized by evergreen shrubs that are adapted to survive fires, not floods.

Do reptiles, mammals, and a huge variety of insects compete fiercely in rainforests for nutrients?

Yes, the tropical rainforest biome is known for its high biodiversity and intense competition among various species for nutrients.

Do some animals survive the hot daytime periods in the desert by burrowing in cool ground?

Yes, many desert animals burrow underground during the day to avoid the heat and emerge at night when temperatures are cooler.

How does the climate of the temperate rainforest biome differ from that of the tropical rainforest?

The temperate rainforest biome has cooler temperatures and receives less sunlight compared to the tropical rainforest, which is characterized by high temperatures and abundant sunlight.

What is the significance of the canopy in tropical rainforests?

The canopy in tropical rainforests is significant as it is the primary area where most of the plant and animal life is concentrated, blocking out much of the sunlight to the forest floor.

How do coniferous trees in the taiga biome adapt to the long, cold winters?

Coniferous trees in the taiga biome are evergreen and have needle-like leaves with a waxy coating that helps prevent water loss through transpiration, allowing them to survive the cold and snowy winters.

What is the role of the tundra biome in the Earth's ecosystem?

The tundra biome plays a role in climate regulation, as it is a vast area that reflects sunlight and helps to cool the Earth. It also serves as a habitat for a variety of cold-adapted species.

Why are coral reefs considered important in the marine biome?

Coral reefs are important in the marine biome because they provide a diverse and complex habitat for a multitude of marine species, contributing to the overall biodiversity of the ocean.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Biomes of Earth: Major Life Zones

This paragraph introduces the concept of biomes, which are large geographical areas characterized by distinct communities of plants and animals. It explains how early travelers discovered various species and categorized them into terrestrial and aquatic biomes based on dominant plant life or physical features. The paragraph also outlines the characteristics of different biomes, such as climate, vegetation, and animal life, and briefly describes the tropical rainforest biome with its high rainfall and diverse life forms, including the unique canopy structure and the challenges faced by the organisms living there.

05:03

🏜 Adaptations in Deserts and Forests

The second paragraph delves into the adaptations of plants and animals in desert biomes, which receive minimal rainfall and are characterized by specialized flora like succulents and fauna that can survive with little water. It contrasts this with temperate deciduous forests, which experience cold winters and warm summers with abundant rainfall, and are dominated by trees that shed their leaves to conserve water. The paragraph also touches on grasslands, or prairies, which are areas with insufficient precipitation for trees but enough to support rich grasses, and the savanna biome, which is marked by a mix of trees and grasses and home to various herbivores and predators.

10:04

🌲 Diverse Forests and Treeless Plains

This paragraph explores various forest biomes, starting with the chaparral, a Mediterranean climate shrubland with plants adapted to dry conditions and frequent fires. It then moves on to temperate rainforests, characterized by high rainfall and tall conifer trees, and the taiga, a coniferous forest with long, cold winters and short growing seasons. The paragraph concludes with the tundra biome, a treeless, cold, and dry region with a short growing season and permafrost, where only certain hardy species can survive.

15:06

🌿 Freshwater and Marine Biomes

The fourth paragraph discusses freshwater biomes, which include rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes, and how they are classified based on nutrient content. It describes the clear, oxygen-rich environments favored by certain fish and contrasts them with nutrient-rich environments that can lead to algal blooms. The paragraph then transitions to marine biomes, which cover 71% of the Earth's surface and include coastal waters, coral reefs, open oceans, and deep-sea vent communities, each with its unique characteristics and inhabitants.

20:09

🌊 Ocean Zones and Life Adaptations

This paragraph provides a deeper look into the marine biome, detailing the different zones of the ocean, from the intertidal zone affected by tides to the deep abyssal zone. It describes the coastal waters and coral reefs teeming with life, the open ocean's reliance on microscopic organisms, and the surprising existence of life forms around deep-sea vents, which provide heat and nutrients in an otherwise cold and barren environment.

25:10

🌳 Biome Characteristics and Adaptations

The final paragraph presents a series of questions related to the content covered in the previous paragraphs, focusing on the identification of biomes, adaptations of plants to prevent water loss, the agricultural significance of grasslands, the evergreen nature of certain trees, the absence of trees in the tundra, the scarcity of freshwater, and the types of ocean biomes. It also includes true/false statements about the resilience of chaparral biomes to floods and the survival strategies of desert animals.

Keywords

💡Biome

A biome is a large community of flora and fauna occupying a distinct region defined by its climate, vegetation, and animal life. In the video, biomes are the central theme, with various types such as tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundras being described, each with unique characteristics and inhabitants.

💡Tropical Rainforest

Tropical rainforests are biomes located near the equator, characterized by high rainfall and dense tree cover. The script describes them as having an abundance of life, with tall trees forming a canopy that blocks sunlight, creating a unique environment for a diverse range of species.

💡Desert Biome

Desert biomes are regions that receive very little precipitation and are dominated by sand, rocks, and poor soil. The script mentions that these biomes support little life, with specialized plants and animals adapted to the harsh conditions, such as succulents and burrowing animals.

💡Temperate Deciduous Forest

Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by trees that lose their leaves seasonally, typically in autumn. The script explains that these forests have moderate temperatures and abundant rainfall, with a rich soil that supports a variety of plant and animal life.

💡Grassland

Grasslands, also known as prairies, are biomes where precipitation is too sparse for tree growth but sufficient for grasses. The script notes that grasslands have deep, fertile soil and were once extensive, with modern grasslands often used for agriculture.

💡Savanna

Savannas are grassland biomes with a warm climate that receives more rainfall than deserts but less than forests. The script describes savannas as having scattered trees and a diverse array of grazing animals, as well as predators that maintain the ecosystem's balance.

💡Chaparral

The chaparral biome is characterized by short, woody plants with thick, evergreen leaves that are adapted to dry climates. The script mentions that these plants are drought-resistant and that the chaparral is found in regions with cool, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.

💡Temperate Rainforest

Temperate rainforests are biomes with high rainfall and moderate temperatures, supporting tall trees like redwoods. The script explains that these forests resemble tropical rainforests in tree height but differ in species diversity and climate conditions.

💡Taiga

The taiga, also known as a coniferous forest, is a biome dominated by conifer trees that can withstand long, cold winters. The script describes the taiga as having a short growing season and a climate where precipitation mostly falls as snow.

💡Tundra

The tundra is a treeless biome found in high latitudes or mountaintops, characterized by extremely cold and dry conditions. The script notes that the tundra has a short growing season, permanently frozen ground, and a landscape often covered in snow.

💡Freshwater Biome

Freshwater biomes consist of standing bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and ponds. The script explains that these biomes can vary in nutrient content, affecting the types of plant and animal life they support, such as clear streams supporting trout and nutrient-rich lakes supporting catfish.

💡Marine Biome

Marine biomes encompass the vast ocean waters, which cover more than 71% of the Earth's surface. The script describes various types of marine biomes, including coastal waters, coral reefs, open ocean, and deep-sea vent communities, each with distinct characteristics and life forms.

Highlights

Planet Earth is home to a myriad of life forms across various geographical areas known as biomes.

Biomes are classified by their dominant plant life and climate, extending over large regions of Earth's surface.

Tropical rainforests, located around the equator, are characterized by high rainfall and a diverse variety of life.

Desert biomes, found at 15 to 30 degrees latitude north or south of the equator, receive less than 10 inches of precipitation annually.

Temperate deciduous forests, with cold winters and warm summers, are dominated by trees that shed their leaves in autumn.

Grasslands, or prairies, have nutrient-rich soil and are often used for agriculture, known as the breadbasket of the world.

Coniferous trees in the taiga biome can keep their leaves year-round and survive cold, snowy winters.

The tundra biome has no trees due to the extremely cold and dry climate, with a short growing season.

Less than 1% of Earth's water is freshwater, with the majority being saltwater in oceans and seas.

Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, and rivers, which can be classified by their nutrient content.

Marine biomes cover 71% of Earth's surface and include coastal waters, coral reefs, open ocean, and vent communities.

Coral reefs are formed from the calcium carbonate skeletons of coral polyps and support diverse marine life.

The open ocean is populated by microscopic organisms like phytoplankton and zooplankton, forming the base of the food chain.

Vent communities in the deep sea rely on heat and nutrients from volcanic vents for survival.

Chaparral biomes are characterized by drought-resistant evergreen shrubs and frequent fires.

Temperate rainforests, like those in California, receive high rainfall and are home to giant redwoods.

Alpine tundra experiences intense sunshine, prevalent winds, and highly variable precipitation.

George Washington Carver's quote emphasizes the importance of connecting with and learning from nature's varied forms.

Transcripts

from the dark depths of the oceans to

the sunny heights of the mountains

myriad life abounds on planet earth

ciders weave the webs in a redwood

forest bird's nest in a desert cactus

and fish dodged their way around the

sieve helm

as you are over think about the natural

environment in which you live of the

types of plants and animals that live

there try to identify your area by the

community of plants and animals that

surround you this community of light

what scientists call a biome

as early travelers explored our planet

Earth and cataloged its life they

discovered many species of plants and

animals but only a few basic types of

geographical areas those geographical

areas filled with a major community of

plants and animals are known as biomes

or major life zones terrestrial biomes

those that are found on land are most

often classified by their dominant plant

life the biomes found in water known as

aquatic biomes are usually named by

their physical features each biome is

characterized by a particular type of

climate vegetation and animal life and

extends over a large region of the

Earth's surface let's first explore the

major land biomes tropical rainforests

around the equator lies the biome known

for its abundance and variety of life

the tropical rainforest the named

tropical rainforest aptly describes its

place in the world the tropics it

receives very high levels of rainfall

and its dominant life form our trees the

annual rainfall actually varies from 100

to 160 inches or 250 to 400 centimeters

and the temperatures to average from 80

to 90 degrees Fahrenheit or 27 to 32

degrees Celsius here there are no

freezing temperatures and no seasons the

trees they're tall was lendor trunks

that branch only near the top called the

canopy the average tree height exceeds

100 feet or 30 metres these forests

contain thousands of different tree

species whose broad evergreen leaves

block out much of the sunlight to the

forest floor the soil here is often thin

and efficient of nutrients this is due

to the surrounding life's ability to

efficiently absorb the forests

decomposed organic matter since most of

the plant food is high up in the forest

canopy most of the rich diversity of

animal life lives there as well them

above them the chatter of monkeys and

the calls of many species of colorful

birds and frogs here reptiles mammals

and a huge variety of insects abound and

participate in the fierce competition

for nutrients within the warm misty

green of the tropical rainforests

desert as we follow the climatic pattern

15 to 30 degrees latitude north or south

of the equator we discover several

regions that receive less than 10 inches

or 25 centimetres of precipitation a

year these dry areas which are found on

every continent are called desert biomes

the name desert comes from the Latin

word desert us

which means abandoned forsaken left or

lying weight the landscape often

supports little life of any kind and the

terrain is dominated by rocks sand and

overall poor soil plant life vary

considerably because of the great

variety of desert conditions areas that

receive more than an inch or two

centimeters a year of rainfall have

highly specialized plants some of these

plants are annuals plants that complete

most of the life cycle in less than a

year these plants grow bloom and sets

feed in a few days when water is

available most desert plants are

perennials hence that live for more than

a year they are small woody shrubs or

succulents like this American cactus

these plants have large shallow root

systems that are able to quickly soak up

water from the infrequent desert rain

storms

many animals have also adapted to these

dry regions birds snakes tortoises and

many small rodents survive well with

little water larger mammals also live in

the desert such as the desert bighorn

sheep which depend on waterhole for

their survival

numerous desert animals are active

during the night while during the day

many a desert animals burrow underground

all wisely avoiding the fiery heat of

the hot dry bile called the desert

temperate deciduous forest

as we continue north south away from the

equator at about 60 degrees latitude we

are able to observe cool moist air that

rises and then Sun returns to earth as

rain or snow he the climate exhibits

cold winters warm summers and abundant

rainfall that is distributed throughout

the year the biome that experiences this

climate is the temperate deciduous

forest biome gets its name because

typically the temperatures are moderate

or temperate and the dominant life forms

are trees which lose their leaves known

as deciduous trees the Glade deciduous

trees such as beech oak maple and

hickory grow during the spring and

summer lose their leaves during autumn

and lie dormant during the winter since

during the winter most water is locked

in the cold frozen ground the trees must

lose their leaves to prevent water loss

through the process of transpiration

bacteria earthworms and fungi aid in the

bring down or decomposition of the

abundant leaf litter together contribute

to the soils rich nutrients the forests

leafy limbs provide shelter nuts and

seeds to a variety of bird species

mammals such as deer fox squirrels and

raccoons also live here in the

nutrient-rich North American temperate

deciduous forests grasslands

the temperature grassland area where

precipitation is too sparse to support

tree growth but does not fall below 10

inches or 25 centimeters per year is

called the grassland biome this area is

also known as prairie in North America

step in Russia and Asia pampas in South

America and vet in South Africa it is

believed that grasslands may have

covered nearly half of the world at one

time due to the slow decomposition rate

of the grasses over thousands of years

grassland biomes are considered to have

the most fertile and deepest topsoil in

the world today most of the grasslands

are used for agriculture and produce

much of the world's domesticated grasses

such as wheat this is why these

grasslands are referred to as the bread

baskets of the world

the original grasslands of North America

were once grazed by large herds of bison

today the parts of the prairies of the

central United States are grazed by

cattle horses sheep lived on the

underdeveloped grasslands are animals

such as the pronghorn antelope coyotes

ground squirrels rattlesnakes there are

also a few of the warm regions of the

world where the grassland biome receives

40 60 inches or 100 150 centimeters of

rain this life zone is often referred to

as the savanna biome the scatter trees

of the African savanna are acacia s' Bay

o Bab trees

euphorbia and palms the giraffe with its

long neck has evolved to feed on these

tall trees and thereby does not compete

with the grazing animals just the

antelope wildebeests and zebras the

predators such as lions cheetahs and

hyenas help maintain the balance of life

during the short wet and long dry

seasons of the savanna grassland biome

chaparral

chaparral is part of the temperate

strugglin biome best represented by

short woody plants with simple evergreen

thick leaves the name chaparral refers

to the evergreen oak called the spanish

shopper oh the thick hard waxy leaves of

these shrubs are drought resistant and

adapt well to the dry climate here the

winters are cool and rainy and the

summers are hot with very little or no

rain during the winter precipitation is

great enough that it leeches the soil of

Markovitz nutrients similar plant

communities are found in southwestern

North America Chile the Mediterranean

host southern Australia in the southern

tip of Africa the chaparral ecosystem is

found well-developed near the coastal

areas of the state of California in the

United States the leaves of these plants

such as this sage in manzanita are often

found to be aromatic with flammable

compounds fires here are frequent some

plant species fires stimulate seed

germination after the fires the dominant

shrubs regrow from surviving plant

tissue found near ground throughout the

year

lizards chipmunks and great horned owl

are found within this volatile temper at

shrub land biome known as the chaparral

temperate rainforests also in the state

of California along the cool moist

northern regions of a specific coast are

the world-famous giant redwoods these

majestic trees are part of temperate

rainforest biome the climate here

receives between 150 and 200 inches or

380 and 500 centimetres of rain annually

and the temperatures rarely drop to

below freezing with so much rainfall

along with moderate temperatures this

forest biome is appropriately named the

temperate rainforest biome is located on

the Northwest Pacific coast of North

America and southwestern tip of South

America this forest resembles tropical

rainforests in that it contains very

tall trees yet unlike the tropical

rainforest the Terek rainforests are

cooler and have fewer species of trees

most of the species of trees are

conifers which means cone-bearing trees

such as redwood spruce fir pine and

hemlock conifers thrive here better than

broadleaf trees because the forest is

located at higher latitudes along foggy

coastlines where sunlight energy is

often scarce the needle branches do let

in some sunlight for the forest floor

which supports plants such as mosses

ferns and various forms of lichen

supplying acidic soil with some

nutrients are the fungi

too often contribute to the

decomposition process of the moist

decaying vegetation animals such as deer

stamin and arachnids are also

inhabitants here in the cool damp biome

of the temperate rainforest

tige

moving more north and latitude and

climbing higher among the mountains is

the community called the taiga or known

coniferous forest the word taiga is a

Siberian word meaning primeval forest

the dominant breeze of the forest biome

are conifers such as spruce pine fir

larch and balsam the climate is

generally long old winters allowing only

short growing seasons and in the summer

the winters are colder and the

precipitation is much less than the

temperate rain forest much of the

precipitation falling is snow conifers

have successfully adapted to the winters

freezing temperatures all evergreens

have the ability to maintain the flow of

water and nutrients within their trunks

and brandon's throughout the year this

significant characteristic allows these

trees to keep their needle-like leaves

and continue the process of

photosynthesis because of their small

surface area and the AXI coating these

needle likely are specialized to prevent

water loss through transpiration this is

valuable to the trees winter survival

since the water outside the tree is

unavailable due to the waters frozen

state as ice or snow overall these trees

have adapted well to soil that is often

very cold or very dry some of the

animals found in these forests are

caribou deer and elk along with their

predators the mountain lions and

Timberwolves black bears chipmunks and

beavers also reside in the cold

evergreen world of the taiga biome

tandra

during the warmer summer months the

caribou and bighorn sheep migrate north

to the treeless biome known as the

tundra named tundra it is of lap or

Russian origin and means treeless plains

of northern regions the summer

landscapes south of the Arctic Circle is

characterized by low dwarf grasses and

sedges arranged in a mosaic multi shaped

pattern for a few weeks during the

summer the days light lasts for nearly

24 hours but for most of the year

dark nights are long and the climate is

extremely cold and dry the landscape is

often blanketed in white most of the

winter and precipitation rarely needs 10

inches or 25 centimetres in many parts

of the tundra the constant low

temperatures freeze the deeper layers of

the ground permanently the low

temperatures also slow down the

decomposition of organic matter allowing

only a thin layer of soil because of the

short growing season and the shallow

layer thawed ground there are no trees

and the snow melts the water collects on

the surface forming any lakes since the

water is unable to be absorbed by the

deeper layers of frozen soil large

number of migratory birds also visit the

marshy area in this summer the arctic

hare Fox and owl as well as lemmings

remain active throughout the year tundra

primes are also found at low latitudes

in mountaintops above the Timberline

during the summer plant and animal

communities of the alpine tundra

experience intense sunshine prevalent

winds and highly variable precipitation

for the rest of the year precipitation

has made snow a common occurrence here

in cold dry regions known as the tundra

biome

the earth is covered with more than

twice as much water as land only 3% of

this water is fresh mean it contains the

relatively small amount solved minerals

most of the freshwater is locked up in

polar ice caps and glaciers or is stored

down in the ground less than 100 that 1%

of the Earth's water exists in rivers

streams ponds and lakes the freshwater

biomes the freshwater bio standing

bodies of water such as ponds and lakes

can be classified according to their

nutrient content usually the steadily

moving mountain streams and rivers carry

little sediment or nutrients and feed

men lakes and ponds with cool clear

oxygen-rich water as a result fish such

as trout often dwell in these clear

oxygen rich environments along them

algae growth on the other hand there are

lakes and ponds that are fed with water

containing large quantities of sediments

and high concentrations of nutrients

these environments are less clear and

encouraged death blooms of algae as the

algae die off period other decomposers

break down the dying algae while at the

same time reducing much of the water's

valuable dissolved oxygen these murky

environments are often populated with

fish such as catfish and bass which

survive well in oxygen depleted bodies

of water and are all part of the dynamic

freshwater biome

the marine biome ocean waters hovers 71%

of the Earth's surface the depths of the

ocean range from the intertidal zone the

coastal land that is daily covered and

uncovered by seawater to the deepest

ocean depth of about 33,000 feet or

10,000 metres there are five major types

of ocean biomes

coastal waters near shore zone coral

reefs open ocean and vent communities

the coastal waters are usually shallow

enough to allow sunlight to reach a

variety of forms of algae coastal rivers

also supply many nutrients to the

abundant and diverse life in this

intertidal zone because of the rising

and falling of the tides plant an animal

life such as scallops crabs barnacles

then Sein enemies must survive the

exposures to both air and water the near

shore zone lies beyond the intertidal

zone and is more stable since there is

no direct Bossier to air organisms in

this zone are strictly aquatic kelp

lands protect and nourish the abundant

life in these shallow waters coral reefs

are often found in warm up offical

waters the reefs are formed from gelatin

zuv the various species of coral sponges

Sein enemies and hundreds of species of

fish add a variety of color to this

diverse community plants and animals

the open Odin is populated by different

species of microscopic plant organisms

such as phytoplankton which are consumed

by the microscopic animals called

zooplankton which are consumed by their

species of fish and sea mammals such as

whales vent communities lie in the great

depths of the abyssal zone where there

is no light for the most part this zone

is cold and barren without sunlight to

provide an energy source it was thought

that very few life-forms could survive

however there are openings in the earth

that look like small volcanoes called

vents that provide heat and nutrients to

strange clusters of - worms white crabs

and clams creatures of the wondrous

world of the marine biome

George Washington Carver wrote never a

day passes but that I do myself the

honour commune with some of nature's

varied forms by discovering and learning

more about your biome if you discover

that you too are part of the biome and

belong to the community of life

his answer the following questions

number one geographical areas filled

with a major community of plants and

animals are known as what number two

what type of trees must lose their

leaves in autumn so to prevent water

loss during frozen winters number three

name the biome that has nutrient rich

soil and is most often used for

agriculture is often identified as the

breadbasket of the world number four

what type of trees are able to keep

their leaves all year and survive cold

snowy winters number five why are there

no trees in the tundra number six where

does less than 1/100 of 1% of the

Earth's fresh water exist number seven

name two of the five types of ocean

biomes presented in this program please

answer the following staves true or

false number eight some parts of the

world the chaparral biome is best

represented by evergreen shrubs are able

to survive the destructive forces of

floods number nine reptiles mammals and

a huge variety of insects compete

fiercely in rainforests for nutrients

number ten survived the hot day time

periods in the desert some animals

burrow in cool ground