Taenia solium Lifecycle | Pork Tapeworm | Cestodes| Taeniasis and Cysticercosis | MEDZUKHRUF
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explores the parasitic genus Taenia, focusing on Taenia solium, also known as the pork tapeworm. It covers the life cycle, transmission, and impact of Taenia solium on humans and pigs, highlighting the importance of proper pork cooking and hygiene to prevent infection. The video delves into the clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies for taeniasis and cysticercosis, emphasizing the need for public health awareness.
Takeaways
- 🐷 Tenia Solium, also known as the pork tapeworm, is a significant human pathogen that affects both humans and pigs.
- 🥚 The life cycle of Tenia Solium involves three main stages: egg, larva (oncosphere), and adult worm, with the egg being spherical and containing a hexacanth embryo.
- 🍽️ Transmission of Tenia Solium occurs through the ingestion of raw or undercooked pork, or by consuming food and water contaminated with human feces containing the worm's eggs.
- 🧬 Tenia Solium has two life cycles: the human cycle where the adult worm resides in the intestine, and the pig cycle which involves the larval stage in the pig's muscles.
- 🧠 The larval stage, called cysticerci, can cause serious health issues such as neurocysticercosis when located in the brain, eyes, or skeletal muscles.
- 🌐 Tenia Solium is endemic in certain regions including Asia, South America, and Eastern Europe, often in areas with poor sanitation and where pigs have access to human feces.
- 🏥 Clinical findings for Tenia Solium infection can range from asymptomatic to symptoms like anorexia, abdominal pain, and lethargy, with severe cases involving neurological or ocular complications.
- 🧪 Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy to identify the worm's eggs or segments in stool samples, and biopsy or imaging studies for cysticerci in tissues.
- 💊 Treatment options for Tenia Solium include praziquantel for intestinal worms and cysticercosis, with albendazole as an alternative, and sometimes surgical intervention for severe cases.
- 🛡 Prevention of Tenia Solium involves proper cooking of pork, proper disposal of human waste to prevent pigs from ingesting it, and maintaining good hygiene practices to avoid contamination of food with eggs.
- 📈 Serologic tests like ELISA are available for detecting antibodies to Tenia Solium antigens, but they may not always be reliable, especially in neurocysticercosis.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is Teniasis Solium, a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm Tenia Solium, also known as pork tapeworm.
What are the two forms of tapeworms discussed in the video?
-The two forms of tapeworms discussed are Tenia Solium, the pork tapeworm, and Tenia Saginata, the beef tapeworm.
What are the three different forms of Tenia Solium in its life cycle?
-The three different forms of Tenia Solium are the egg, the larva (oncosphere), and the adult worm.
How does Tenia Solium affect humans?
-Tenia Solium affects humans by causing teniasis, where the adult worm resides in the intestine, and cysticercosis, where the larvae form cysts in various organs, including the brain, eyes, and muscles.
What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of Tenia Solium?
-Pigs are the intermediate hosts for Tenia Solium, while humans are the definitive hosts.
How is Tenia Solium transmitted to humans?
-Tenia Solium is transmitted to humans by ingesting raw or undercooked pork containing cysticerci, or by consuming food or water contaminated with human feces containing Tenia Solium eggs.
What are the clinical findings in patients with Tenia Solium infection?
-Clinical findings in patients with Tenia Solium infection can include asymptomatic cases, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, lethargy, and in cases of neurocysticercosis, symptoms like headache, confusion, vomiting, and seizures.
What are the methods for diagnosing Tenia Solium infection?
-Diagnosis of Tenia Solium infection can be made through microscopy to identify gravid proglottids in stool samples, tissue biopsy to find cysts, and serologic tests like ELISA to detect antibodies to Tenia Solium antigens.
What are the treatment options for Tenia Solium infection?
-Treatment options for Tenia Solium infection include praziquantel for intestinal worms, praziquantel or albendazole for cysticercosis, and surgical removal may be necessary for neurocysticercosis.
How can Tenia Solium infection be prevented?
-Prevention of Tenia Solium infection involves cooking pork adequately, proper disposal of human feces to prevent pigs from ingesting them, and observing good hygiene practices such as hand washing to prevent contamination of food with eggs.
What is the significance of the term 'strobila' in the context of Tenia Solium?
-Strobila refers to the chain of segments or proglottids that make up the body of the adult tapeworm, which contains mature segments called gravid proglottids that are full of eggs.
Outlines
🐷 Introduction to Tenia Solium and Tenia Saginata
This paragraph introduces the video's focus on Tenia Solium and Tenia Saginata, two significant human pathogens. It emphasizes the importance of watching a previous video on CEST for context. The script outlines the topics to be covered, including morphology, habitat, transmission, life cycle, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical findings, lab diagnosis, immunity, treatment, and prevention. Tenia Solium, also known as the pork tapeworm, and Tenia Saginata, known as the beef tapeworm, are differentiated based on their hosts and the diseases they cause. The paragraph also invites viewer input for accuracy and completeness.
🐖 Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of Tenia Solium
This paragraph delves into the life cycle of Tenia Solium, detailing its stages from egg to adult worm, including the larval stage known as cysticerci. It explains the transmission routes, which involve ingestion of undercooked pork or contamination through human feces. The paragraph also discusses the pathogenesis of the disease, highlighting the potential for cysticerci to develop in various organs, including the brain, leading to serious conditions like neurocysticercosis. The summary also touches on the epidemiology, indicating regions where the disease is endemic, and the clinical findings associated with the infection.
🧪 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Tenia Solium Infections
The final paragraph discusses the methods for diagnosing Tenia Solium infections, which include microscopy for identifying worm segments in stool samples and imaging techniques for cyst detection. It outlines the treatments available for both intestinal worms and cysticercosis, mentioning the use of praziquantel or albendazole, and the potential need for surgical intervention in severe cases. The paragraph concludes with prevention strategies, emphasizing proper cooking of pork, waste disposal, and hygiene practices to avoid infection.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Taenia solium
💡Cysticercosis
💡Taeniasis
💡Life cycle
💡Egg
💡Oncospheres
💡Cysticerci
💡Neurocysticercosis
💡Proglottids
💡Epidemiology
💡Prevention
Highlights
Introduction to the parasytes series and the topic of Taenia solium, also known as pork tapeworm.
Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are two important human pathogens causing taeniasis.
Taenia solium has three life stages: egg, larva (oncosphere), and adult worm.
The adult worm of Taenia solium is smaller than that of Taenia saginata.
Pigs are the intermediate hosts for Taenia solium, while humans are the definitive hosts.
Transmission of Taenia solium occurs through ingestion of raw or undercooked pork or contaminated food and water.
Life cycle of Taenia solium includes both human and pig cycles.
Cysticercosis is a more dangerous condition that occurs when humans ingest Taenia solium eggs.
Neurocysticercosis is a severe form of cysticercosis affecting the brain.
Epidemiology of Taenia solium is widespread but endemic in certain regions like Asia and South America.
Most patients with adult tapeworm are asymptomatic, but some may experience anorexia, abdominal pain, or lethargy.
Diagnosis of Taenia solium infection includes stool microscopy, tissue biopsy, and serologic tests.
Treatment options for intestinal worms include praziquantel and albendazole, with surgical removal for cysticercosis.
Proper prevention measures involve adequate cooking of pork and proper disposal of human waste.
Importance of hygiene practices such as hand washing to prevent contamination of food with Taenia solium eggs.
Review of the video's key points on Taenia solium infection, its life cycle, and prevention strategies.
Transcripts
asalamu alaikum everyone welcome to
another episode of parasytes Series
today we are going to discuss Tena
Solium in my recent video I've discussed
what are CEST toes if you haven't
watched that one just watch that first
and then come here then you'll have a
great GP on this topic but before
getting into the video I'd like to tell
that these videos are meant for
educational purposes things and
treatments may change with time if I get
wrong or miss anything your input is
always welcomed in the comment section
let's get started
there are two important human pathogens
in the genus tenia first Solium also
called as pork tape form and tenia
saginata also called as the beef tape
lecture outline first I'll introduce you
to the tenia Solium then we'll talk
about its morphology habitate and
transmission life
cycle pathogenesis and epidemiology
clinical findings lab diagnosis immunity
treatment and finally the
prevention teniasis it is caused by
tenia Solium and tenia saginata the
adult womm of the tenia Solium causes
causes the Cy soses but on the other
hand just the adult worm of the tenia
saginata is responsible for teniasis its
La do not cause Cy
soses tenia Solium belongs to the phm
platty Helman it is a Sesto a tape form
it is also called pork tape form it
affects both humans and pigs
morphology it has three different forms
in its life the first one is egg it is
spherical it is 4 to 48 micrometers in
diameter it is blue to purple or
sometimes brown in color it is
surrounded by a thick stried wall as you
can see in this picture
containing a hexacanth six hooked embryo
oncosphere the next stage is lava that
is singular and its plural is La it
develops from six hooked embryo the
oncosphere that hatches from an egg it
is called cytic Circus it has a psz
fluid filled bladder invaginated
scol it takes 3 months to become an
adult w adult worm it is 5 cm or 2 to 7
m in
size the worm of tenia Solium is smaller
than the worm of tenia saginata it is
white in color adult worm has the
following scx with four suckers and a
circle and double row of hooks gravid
PRL with five to 10 primary utrine
branches the grait terminal glits
contain many eggs and they have 800
segments entire body is called stroba
this picture you can see the tape firm
the tenia Solium it has this surrounded
head the scx then a straight neck and
then this whole body is called Stella
which contains some segments these
multiple segments each segment is called
proglottid and the mature segments are
called gravid prds which contain
pigs are the intermediate hosts uh their
muscles contain Cy Sakai and human
beings are the definitive hosts and uh
they have eggs worms uh and Cy ciry the
lav transmission it occurs by ingesting
raw undercooked pork or food and water
contaminated with human feces and those
feces which contain the eggs from an in
egg of this tenia Solium from an
infected person life cycle it has two
cycles the first one is human cycle and
the second one is pig cycle inas say the
adult tape form is located in human
intestine mainly the small
intestine in the small intestine the
lava attached to the gut wall and take
about 3 months to grow into adult worm
measuring up to 5 m
the gravid terminal prds containing many
eggs DET daily and are passed in feces
and are accidentally eaten by pigs note
that pigs are infected by the worm eggs
therefore it is the LA the Cy Sakai that
are found in the
pig a six hooked embryo oncosphere
emerges from each egg in the pig's
intestine the
embryos burrow into a blood vessle and
are carried to the skeletal
muscle there they develop into cyy ciry
where they remain until eaten by a human
humans as we discussed earlier are the
definitive hosts and pigs are the
intermediate hosts also pigs do not have
the adult WS in their intestine so they
are not the source of EGS that cause the
human C soses
okay the um cycle the life cycle of
tenia Solium has completed but it
actually has two parts like the first
one involves the Peg and in the second
one it does not involve the pig why
because um of its transmission uh there
are two methods as we discussed earlier
in the one it is transmitted by eating
raw or undercooked pork and in the other
method of transmission uh um
the infection spreads to humans through
eating or drinking food or water
contaminated with human feces that
contains eggs from of the tenus Solium
from an infected
person so uh if that case happens then
this is the life cycle and this is the
disease that is called Cy sosis it is
not called the teases in Cy a more
dangerous sequence occurs when a person
ingests the warm eggs in food or water
that has been contaminated with human
feces note that in sycosis humans are
infected by eggs excreted in human feces
note by ingesting undercooked
pork the eggs hatch in the small
intestine and the oncosphere burrow
through the wall into a blood vessel
they can deaminate to many organs or an
especially eyes skin and brain where
they an each Cy circus contains a lava
diagrammatic representation of the life
cycle of tenia solum in the first step
as I mentioned earlier when we were
studying the theory that people eat raw
or undercooked pork containing CEST of
tape W uh it's La the Cai in the second
step after injection in the small
intestine the C Cai mat show into an
adult where it attaches itself to the
wall of the small intestine and starting
burrowing and in the third step adult
worms produce segments that bear eggs
called preds these segments are called
pred which may release eggs or detach
from tap forms and in the fourth step
the eggs are visualized in the stools
because they have been passed from the
body with this
tool and in the fifth step uh pigs or
people are infected by ingesting eggs or
the eggs bearing prors whether the
person or the pig is taking food or
water contaminated with these feces in
the case of the pig um if a human eats
undercooked pork then the infection is
going to occur and in the other scenario
what will happen the person will ingest
food contaminated with the um feces
containing those eggs pathogenesis the
adult tape worm attached to the
intestinal wall causes little damage the
cytic Sakai on the other hand can become
very large especially in the brain and
this infection is called neuros syy
soses and where it can
manifest as a space occupying lesion
living Cy Sakai do not cause
inflammation but when they die they can
release substances that provoke an
inflammatory response eventually
disai
calcify
epidemiology this infection is most
common in US it occurs worldwide but is
endemic in Asia South America and
Eastern Europe It Is frequent in the
areas where pigs are in excess pigs have
access to human feces that contains the
eggs from an infected
person and consumption of raw or
undercooked pore clinical findings most
patients with adult tapeworm are
asymptomatic but anorexia abdominal pain
diarrhea lethargy can
occur some patients May notice
proglottids in this tool CIS cosses in
brain as I mentioned earlier is called
neurosis sosis and it can cause headache
confusion vomiting and Caesar cytic
soses in eye it is responsible for UTIs
retinitis
and laa in
witus subcutaneous nodules containing Cy
aai commonly
occur cysts also are commonly found in
sceletal muscle lab diagnoses we'll need
specimen like blood we'll take tissue uh
while doing a biopsy and we'll also need
a stool
sample first we'll go for microscopy uh
for the identification of 5 to 10 utrine
branches of the gravid pred
in contrast to tinia seata which has 15
to 20 primary utrine branches
right and cysts are found in the tissue
cuz we have done biopsy and after biopsy
we visualize that tissue pot under the
microscope and then we see the cyst if
the patient is s suffering from cyst
sosis eggs are also found in the stools
and that are less often found than the
preds
diagnosis of cyst soses depends on
demonstrating the presence of the cyst
in the tissue usually by surgical
removal or computed tomography the city
SC serologic tests for example enzyme
linked immunosorbant sa e l i sa a
Eliza that detect antibodies to Tena
Solium antigens and those are available
but they may be negative in neuros syy
immunity the exact mechanism and nature
of the immunity has not been identified
but the research has shown that type two
immune response generates against the
infection cause ratina solum the
treatment of choice for intestinal worms
is Pro quantal 5 to 10 Mig per kilogram
once
Orly the treatment of choice for cytic
sosis is either pru quantal or
albendazol but Surgical exision may be
necessary nyos amide is drug of choice
for Neurosis to
sosis prevention prevention from teases
involves cooking pork adequately and
disposing waste means the human feces
properly so that pigs cannot ingest
human feces prevention of sycosis
consists of treatment of patients to
prevent Auto infection plus observation
of proper hygiene
including hand washing to prevent
contamination of food with the
eggs and remember do not eat undercooked
pork or pork at all let's review
everything real quick the name of
organism is tenia stum its mode of
transmission is that it is transmitted
to the humans by ingesting the lav in
undercooked pork or by eating the food
or drinking the VOA contaminated with
human feces that contains the eggs its
intermediate host is pig and its
definitive
host is human
being the main size affected in human
body are intestine mainly the small
intestine and brain and eyes and the
brain and eyes are infected by the Cai
the
LA diagnosis diagnosis is made by
visualizing prors in the stool and
biopsy of the tissue and computerized
tomography skin treatment proy quantal
for the adult wors and proyal or alazul
or surgical removal of cukar it has no
insect Vector the stage that infects
human the first one is that Lara in the
undercooked pork and the eggs in food or
water contaminated with human feces
stage in humans most associated with the
disease adult tape form and inter intin
and C circus in the brain that causes
the space occupying lesions there the
important stages outside human is La in
the muscle of the pig that's it for
today's video I hope it made sense I
hope you guys enjoyed it if you have any
suggestion feel free to share with me in
the comment section don't forget to
connect with me on all of my socials
I've got my Instagram where I upload
amazing infographics for your
information I've got my Twitter and I
really upload blogs so don't forget to
check that out and as always till next
time assalamu
alaykum
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