TEORIA CLASICA de la ADMINISTRACION de HENRY FAYOL ✅ | Economía de la Empresa 142#
Summary
TLDRLa teoría clásica de la administración, promovida por Henry Fayol, se centra en la eficiencia administrativa a través de 6 funciones y 14 principios básicos. Esta teoría surgió tras la Revolución Industrial y se enfoca en la estructura organizacional, introduciendo conceptos como la organización formal e informal, y el staff y line. Fayol, junto a otros exponentes como Urwick y Gulick, establecieron las bases de la teoría administrativa moderna, aunque ha sido criticada por su falta de enfoque en el elemento humano y su aproximación mecanicista al trabajo.
Takeaways
- 🔧 La teoría clásica de la administración fue promovida por el ingeniero francés Henry Fayol en 1916.
- 🏭 Fayol estudió la administración a nivel gerencial y destacó la importancia de las funciones básicas de una organización.
- 📊 Fayol dividió las funciones de una empresa en seis tipos: técnicas, comerciales, de seguridad, contables, financieras y administrativas.
- 📈 Las funciones administrativas son clave para la regulación e integración de las demás funciones.
- 🗂️ Fayol estableció cinco funciones que los gerentes deben seguir: planificar, organizar, dirigir, coordinar y controlar.
- 📜 Fayol propuso 14 principios de administración para el correcto funcionamiento de las organizaciones, incluyendo la división del trabajo y la autoridad.
- 👥 Urwick y Gulick también contribuyeron a la teoría clásica de la administración, consolidando y expandiendo los conceptos de Fayol.
- 🔍 Gulick agregó dos funciones adicionales a las establecidas por Fayol: reportar y presupuestar, formando el acrónimo POSDCORB.
- ⚙️ La teoría clásica ha sido criticada por su falta de experimentación y por no centrarse en el elemento humano.
- 🚀 A pesar de las críticas, la teoría clásica de Fayol sentó las bases de la teoría administrativa moderna junto con la administración científica de Taylor.
Q & A
¿Quién fue el principal promotor de la teoría clásica de la administración?
-El principal promotor de la teoría clásica de la administración fue el ingeniero francés Henry Fayol, quien publicó su obra 'Administración General e Industrial' en 1916.
¿En qué se diferenció el enfoque de Fayol del de Taylor?
-A diferencia de Taylor, Fayol estudió la empresa a nivel de gestión, enfocándose en las funciones administrativas básicas necesarias para lograr mayor eficiencia.
¿Cuántas funciones básicas identificó Fayol en una organización y cuáles son?
-Fayol identificó seis funciones básicas en una organización: funciones técnicas, funciones comerciales, funciones de seguridad, funciones contables, funciones financieras y funciones administrativas.
¿Cuáles son las cinco funciones administrativas que Fayol estableció para los directores?
-Las cinco funciones administrativas que Fayol estableció son: planificar, organizar, dirigir, coordinar y controlar.
¿Qué principio establece que cada miembro de la empresa debe respetar las normas establecidas?
-El principio de disciplina establece que todos los miembros de la empresa deben respetar las normas establecidas y mantener una buena convivencia entre ellos.
¿Cuál es el principio de unidad de mando según Fayol?
-El principio de unidad de mando según Fayol establece que las órdenes deben ser dadas por un único superior para evitar dualidad de mando y problemas de autoridad.
¿Qué significa el principio de centralización en la teoría de Fayol?
-El principio de centralización en la teoría de Fayol significa que la autoridad y responsabilidad deben concentrarse en la alta jerarquía de la empresa, aunque algunos oficiales superiores pueden delegar autoridad y responsabilidad a sus empleados.
¿Qué autor británico consolidó los conceptos y principios desarrollados por Fayol?
-El autor británico Lyndall Urwick consolidó los conceptos y principios desarrollados por Fayol en su obra 'The Management Elements' en 1943.
¿Qué acrónimo utilizó Luther Gulick para describir las funciones principales de un director de empresa?
-Luther Gulick utilizó el acrónimo POSDCORB para describir las funciones principales de un director de empresa: Planificar, Organizar, Dirigir, Coordinar, Reportar y Presupuestar.
¿Cuál es una de las principales críticas a la teoría clásica de la administración?
-Una de las principales críticas a la teoría clásica de la administración es que carece de experimentación y verificación de sus ideas y hipótesis, y no toma en cuenta el elemento humano como foco principal de la organización.
Outlines
📚 Teoría Clásica de la Administración
La Teoría Clásica de la Administración, promovida principalmente por Henry Fayol, se enfoca en el nivel de gestión empresarial. Fayol identifica seis funciones básicas que una organización debe realizar para lograr eficiencia administrativa: funciones técnicas, comerciales, de seguridad, contables, financieras y administrativas. Destaca la importancia de la función administrativa y las cinco funciones que los gerentes deben seguir: planificación, organización, dirección, coordinación y control. Además, propone 14 principios para una eficiente gestión organizacional, incluyendo la división del trabajo y la autoridad y responsabilidad.
👥 Principios y Características de la Teoría Clásica
Los 14 principios de la teoría clásica, propuestos por Fayol, abarcan temas como la disciplina, unidad de dirección, unidad de mando, subordinación de intereses individuales a los generales, remuneración justa, centralización y jerarquía. La teoría también introduce conceptos como la organización formal e informal, y la distinción entre staff y line dentro de la organización. Se destaca la importancia de mantener la estabilidad del personal y fomentar la iniciativa y el espíritu de grupo para mejorar la eficiencia y el bienestar de la organización.
🔍 Exponentes y Críticas de la Teoría Clásica
Henry Fayol es el principal exponente de la teoría clásica, seguida de otros como Lyndall Urwick y Luther Gulick, quienes contribuyeron a consolidar y expandir los principios y funciones de la gestión. Gulick, en particular, amplió las funciones de gestión con Reporte y Presupuesto, formando el acrónimo POSDCORB. Sin embargo, la teoría clásica ha sido criticada por su falta de experimentación y por no considerar suficientemente el elemento humano, reduciendo a los empleados a mecanismos de una máquina que busca maximizar la productividad a cualquier costo.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Teoría Clásica de la Administración
💡Henry Fayol
💡Funciones de la Teoría Clásica
💡Funciones Básicas de la Organización
💡Principios de la Teoría Clásica
💡POSDCORB
💡Criticismos a la Teoría Clásica
💡Teoría de la Máquina
💡Lyndall Urwick
💡Luther Gulick
💡Equidad
💡Iniciativa
💡Espíritu de Grupo
Highlights
La teoría clásica de la administración es un enfoque promovido principalmente por Henry Fayol, enfocado en el nivel de gestión empresarial.
Fayol presentó su teoría en 1916 en su obra 'Administración General e Industrial'.
Fayol dividió las funciones de una empresa en seis tipos: técnicas, comerciales, de seguridad, contables, financieras y administrativas.
Las funciones administrativas son consideradas las más importantes, ya que regulan y controlan las otras cinco.
Fayol estableció cinco funciones que los gerentes deben seguir: planificar, organizar, liderar, coordinar y controlar.
Fayol propuso 14 principios para una operación eficiente y correcta de las organizaciones.
Entre los principios destacan la división del trabajo, la autoridad y responsabilidad, la disciplina, la unidad de dirección y la unidad de mando.
La teoría clásica de la administración surgió como resultado de la Revolución Industrial y se basa en la estructura y funciones de la organización.
Fayol introdujo conceptos como la organización formal e informal y el concepto de personal y línea dentro de la organización.
Lyndall Urwick consolidó los conceptos y principios desarrollados por Fayol en su obra 'The Management Elements'.
Luther Gulick contribuyó a la teoría con su trabajo en las funciones de los gerentes, añadiendo dos funciones más a las cinco de Fayol.
La teoría clásica ha sido criticada por carecer de experimentación y por no tener en cuenta el elemento humano como foco principal de la organización.
La teoría clásica es llamada a veces 'teoría de la máquina' debido a su enfoque en acciones repetitivas.
A pesar de las críticas, la teoría clásica estableció las bases de la teoría administrativa moderna junto con la administración científica de Taylor.
La teoría clásica de la administración destaca por su enfoque en la eficiencia administrativa y la estructura organizacional.
Fayol y Taylor son considerados los fundadores de la teoría administrativa moderna con sus respectivas teorías.
Transcripts
What is the classical theory of Administration? The school or classical theory of administration
is a different approach to business administration, promoted mainly by the
French engineer Henry Fayol from his work entitled General and Industrial Administration and
published in 1916. His main contribution was to give a answer to several of the
problems not studied by the scientific administration of Taylor that we saw if you remember in
the video that I leave you here on the labels. Unlike Taylor, Fayol studied the
company at the management level making great contributions at the administrative level. In other words,
Fayol emphasized the basic functions that an organization must have to achieve
greater efficiency at the administrative level. Functions of classical theory
In this way, Henry Fayol divided the functions that a company must carry out into 6 types,
which he called functions basic organization:
technical functions. They are all those actions that are linked to
the production of goods and services of the company Commercial functions.
They focus on all those activities related to the purchase, sale and exchange
of the company's products. For example, marketing or customer service activities
would fall under the business functions Security functions.
They refer to the well-being of the workers and the organization. It seeks to guarantee the
safety of both the people who work in the organization and the assets that
belong to the company. Accounting functions.
They focus on everything related to costs, inventories, and business statistics. This
series of functions will allow the company to keep a good control of the
resources and be constantly informed of its financial statements and the operations
that are being carried out. Financial functions.
They involve the search and management of capital, where the director plays a fundamental role,
since he controls the entire economy of the company. Reckless acts of capital use
should be avoided at all costs . Administrative functions.
They are responsible for the regulation, integration and control of the five previous functions.
These must be coordinated effectively and efficiently to achieve good control of the
organization as a whole since, in the event that any function fails, this damages
the other functions, causing the organization to not be able to function efficiently. Due
to the latter, the administrative function is considered the most important of the functions.
Now, so that this does not happen, Fayol established in this administrative function,
5 functions that managers must follow and which are:
Planning. The director must visualize the future of the company and from there draw the
strategy that best suits the company Organize: The director must build both
the material and social organism of the company. That is, you must hire the
workers and buy the necessary machinery to carry out the strategy outlined
Lead: If the company wants to be successful, it is necessary for the boss to know how to guide and guide
the staff to achieve the objective Coordinate: The director must coordinate
its employees and achieve that all the individual efforts of each worker are united in a
collective effort that allows the company to achieve the objective they had planned
Control: This last function is based on verifying that everything happens according to the
established rules and the orders given. Control is essential for the director since it allows him to
act quickly in case of detecting a problem In summary, every director must know how to plan,
organize, direct, coordinate and control effectively if he wants to achieve a
correct administration of his company. principles of
classical management theory? Henry Fayol proposes 14 principles that
organizations must follow, for the correct operation and efficiency in
the results. These are: Division of work
The division of complex tasks into simple activities must be carried out, since
specialization of work is necessary if greater efficiency is to be achieved.To
do this, the role that each member will fulfill must be clarified, taking into account
their skills and specializations, to obtain higher returns and results.
Authority and responsibility Respect for workers will
only be had if you have the ability to lead a group of individuals.
You need to know how to give orders so that they are obeyed and carried out. In addition, the boss must take
responsibility for the decisions made. Discipline
All members of the company must respect the rules established in the same,
as well as there must be a good coexistence between them.
When you have a good leader, you can reach fair agreements
on differences and also set the necessary penalties correctly.
Unity of direction This principle is based
on the fact that everything that is carried out must follow a series of processes and a single specific plan,
so that it is carried out properly and there are no possible confusion. In addition, this plan must be
directed by a single superior. Command unit The command
unit refers to the fact that orders must be given by a single superior. In this
way, the duality of command is avoided since Fayol believes that it is not effective and only causes
problems. On the one hand the employee does not know who he should pay more attention to and on the other hand
a kind of struggle can be established between the two superiors to demonstrate his authority
Subordination of the individual interest to the general interest
At all times, the benefits must be sought over the organization and not on the individual
That is, for a company the well-being of the organization must prevail, leaving in the
background the individualities that the members may present.
Remuneration Each of the workers must previously know
the amount of money that they will obtain for their working hours, which will be established
in accordance with the activities they will carry out. The remuneration of the organization must be
understood as compensation for the work performed and must be equitable for all
individuals, according to the work they perform regardless of their nationality, sex, etc.
Centralization Centralization consists of the
principles of authority and Responsibility should be concentrated in the top hierarchy of the company.
In some cases, senior officials will be able to delegate some authority and responsibility to their
employees, however Henry Fayol assures that responsibility can never be completely
delegated. Hierarchy
It is necessary that all the people in an organization, from the highest
to the smallest position, know their immediate superior and abide by the authority of each rank
Order Each employee
must be arranged in an orderly manner in a position that suits their skills.
In addition, all the work items must be in the right place and at the time
they will be used, so that, in this way, the work can be carried out properly.
Equity Every person in
charge of leading a work team must have enough intelligence to know how to
make fair decisions at the right time. In addition, the treatment with its workers
must be pleasant and friendly in order to promote a good working relationship.
Staff stability You should not make redundancies
and hiring continuously in the organization's staff, since this can generate
deficiencies in the operation of the same which translates into a loss of productivity.
The permanence of workers in their respective positions should be preserved, as far as possible,
so that they feel comfortable with the work they do.
Initiative The organization
must give its workers a certain freedom by giving them the ability to determine how
certain procedures will be carried out. In this way, employees are encouraged to use their
imagination and carry out continuous innovations in the activities they carry out, which causes an
improvement in the organization. Group spirit
What this principle means to us is that whenever possible the work
must be carried out in team since individualities, as a general rule, cause division in the company.
That is, cooperative work should be encouraged at all costs because it allows the
work environment to be pleasant and efficient. Characteristics of classical theory
Having seen its origins, functions and principles, let us make a brief summary
of the main characteristics of classical theory before talking about its main
exponents and about the criticisms that this classical theory of management received:
Developed From the industrial revolution, its main promoter was Henry Fayol, who in
1916, presented for the first time in France his classic theory of administration through his
work entitled General and Industrial Administration This theory is made up of 6 functions
and 14 basic principles. It is fundamentally based
on developing the structure and functions that an organization must fulfill in order to achieve
the greatest possible administrative efficiency. He introduced new concepts such as the concept of
formal organization and informal organization explained in the video that I leave you here on
the labels. In addition to these two very important concepts, he also introduced others such as
staff and line within the organization, which we also explained in the video
that I made about organizational structures and that I leave it here on the labels.
Main exponents of the classical theory of administration
Obviously, Henry Fayol was the main exponent and forerunner of the classical theory of
administration. However, we also want to mention two other authors who, with a
secondary role, contributed and made great contributions to the classical theory of administration.
The first is Lyndall Urwick who was born in 1891 in the United Kingdom and died in 1983.
The greatest contribution From the British to the classical theory of administration was
to have consolidated the concepts and principles developed by Fayol, in his well-known work
The Management Elements in 1943. In this work, as we say, he exposes his ideas about the
principles of the administrative process, always taking Henry Fayol as a point of reference.
The second author is Luther Gulick who was born in Japan in 1884 and died in 1966
Gulick contributed to the classical theory of management with his contributions to the functions
of managers. As we saw, Fayol established 5 functions that managers should follow and
which were Plan, Organize, Direct, Coordinate and Control. To these 5 functions Gulick later
added 2 more functions which were Report and Budget. In this way,
through its acronym, Gulick coined the acronym POSDCORB, currently used to list
the main functions that a company director must develop. I made a video explaining in
depth the acronym POSDCORB which if you are interested I will leave it here on the labels.
Criticisms of the classical theory of administration One of the main criticisms
made of this school of administration is that it lacks experimentation
and verification of its ideas and hypotheses. In addition, different theorists have criticized
the fact that the human element is not taken into account as the main focus of the organization,
but the results it produces, leaving aside humanization and
exposing employees to deplorable conditions to maximize their performance.
Finally, modern authors call the classical theory "the theory of the machine",
since it is based on repetitive actions from which correlative effects are expected.
However, beyond the criticism received, the classical theory, founded by Henry Fayol, together with
Taylor's scientific administration, determined the foundations of modern administrative theory.
With all this I say goodbye for today, if I have helped you and you want to continue learning I leave you
two videos for you to click on based on YouTube recommendations. On the other hand,
I would appreciate it if you would subscribe to my channel if I have been useful to you by clicking on my
logo on the left side of the video. As always, any questions or suggestions please
leave them in the comments so I can answer them. See you in the next video
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4. Enfoque Clásico de la Administración
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