Sejarah Leksikografi dan Metode Deskripsi Kata

Summary

This lecture covers the history of lexicography, both globally and in Indonesia, and explores various word-description methods like dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses, and encyclopedias. The global history traces the beginnings of lexicography in ancient India, China, and the Arab world, with its later development in Europe. In Indonesia, lexicography evolved from glossaries in the 15th century to modern works like the 'Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.' The session also introduces the four main methods of word-description, emphasizing their characteristics, differences, and practical access through resources like KBBI.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture covers the history of lexicography, its global traditions, and methods of word description such as dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses, and encyclopedias.
• 😀 The first part of the lecture focuses on the global history of lexicography, with key regions being India, China, the Arab world, and Europe.
• 😀 India initiated the tradition of lexicography with the creation of a glossary of difficult terms in the Vedas around 2000 BCE, leading to the development of the Amara Kosha dictionary and a precursor to thesauruses.
• 😀 China began lexicography in the 3rd century BCE, with the first thesaurus appearing, followed by dictionaries and encyclopedias in the 13th and 14th centuries CE.
• 😀 The Arab world contributed significantly with the famous Arabic dictionary in 791 CE and a bilingual dictionary in the 11th century CE, largely developed in Persia.
• 😀 Europe began its lexicography tradition later, in the 15th century, with bilingual Latin dictionaries and further developed multilingual dictionaries through the 17th century.
• 😀 Samuel Johnson and Noah Webster are considered pioneers in English and American lexicography, creating prescriptive dictionaries that laid the foundation for modern lexicography.
• 😀 The second part of the lecture focuses on the history of lexicography in Indonesia, beginning with glossaries in the 15th century, including the Chinese-Malay glossary and later dictionaries like the Malay and Sundanese.
• 😀 During the pre-independence period, Indonesia saw the creation of important dictionaries, such as the Malay-Javanese dictionary and Raja Ali Haji's encyclopedic dictionary.
• 😀 Post-independence Indonesia developed more specialized dictionaries, including regional language dictionaries, legal dictionaries, and the widely used Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI).
• 😀 The lecture concludes with a discussion of four key methods of word description: dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses, and encyclopedias, with practical examples of how to access and use these resources.

Q & A

What are the three main parts discussed in the lecture?

The lecture discusses three main parts: 1) The history of lexicography worldwide, 2) The history of lexicography specifically in Indonesia, and 3) Methods of word description such as dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses, and encyclopedias.

Which countries were highlighted in the history of lexicography in the world?

The countries highlighted in the history of lexicography are India, China, the Arab world, and European countries.

What significant lexicographic product did India produce around 2000 BCE?

India produced a glossary containing explanations of difficult words found in the Vedas around 2000 BCE, marking the beginning of lexicographic traditions.

What is the significance of the Sanskrit dictionary 'Amarakosa' in lexicography?

'Amarakosa', created around the 7th century CE in India, is considered one of the earliest Sanskrit dictionaries and laid the foundation for the development of thesauruses.

How did lexicography evolve in China during the 3rd century BCE?

China initiated its lexicographic tradition around the 3rd century BCE with the creation of a thesaurus, which later evolved into dictionaries and encyclopedias by the 13th and 14th centuries CE.

What was the first significant lexicographic product in Europe?

The first significant lexicographic product in Europe was a bilingual Latin dictionary, produced in 1453, followed by other bilingual dictionaries throughout the 17th century.

Who are Samuel Johnson and Noah Webster, and what is their contribution to lexicography?

Samuel Johnson is known as the father of English lexicography, and Noah Webster is considered the father of American lexicography. They both contributed to the creation of prescriptive dictionaries.

What is the distinction between prescriptive and modern dictionaries?

Prescriptive dictionaries, like those created by Johnson and Webster, dictate the 'correct' use of language, while modern dictionaries, like the Oxford Dictionary, aim to document and interpret language usage without enforcing strict rules.

What are the four methods of word description discussed in the lecture?

The four methods of word description discussed are: 1) Dictionaries, 2) Glossaries, 3) Thesauruses, and 4) Encyclopedias.

How does a thesaurus differ from a dictionary?

A thesaurus organizes words into groups based on related meanings, such as synonyms and antonyms, whereas a dictionary lists words alphabetically and provides definitions.