Penerapan Pancasila Pada Masa Orde Lama, Orde Baru dan Reformasi

Summary

This video explores the application of Pancasila in Indonesia across three key political eras: the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era. It discusses how Pancasila was challenged during these times, from Soekarno's authoritarian leadership and the rise of the PKI during the Old Order to Soeharto's stable but corrupt New Order regime. The Reform Era saw the return of democratic freedoms but also new social challenges. Ultimately, the video emphasizes the need to uphold Pancasila as the nation’s core ideology for justice, prosperity, and moral integrity in every era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The importance of maintaining cleanliness and praying before studying to ensure beneficial learning.
• 😀 The challenges faced by Indonesia after independence, including PKI rebellions, and other uprisings like the Darul Islam and Maluku Selatan movements.
• 😀 The early application of Pancasila was challenged by authoritarianism, notably with Soekarno's self-appointment as president for life.
• 😀 Soekarno's pragmatism led to the creation of the Nasakom alliance, which included nationalists, religious groups, and communists, a controversial decision due to communism’s incompatibility with Pancasila values.
• 😀 The G30S/PKI rebellion in 1965 was a dark chapter in Indonesia's history, aiming to replace Pancasila with communism but was successfully thwarted.
• 😀 The Orde Baru era (1966-1998) under Soeharto focused on restoring stability and implementing Pancasila, which led to economic progress, but also widespread corruption (KKN).
• 😀 During Orde Baru, political freedoms were limited, with only three major political parties allowed, and media censorship was prevalent.
• 😀 Human rights violations, including the Tanjung Priok incident, Marsinah’s murder, and the suppression of journalists, were significant issues during Soeharto’s regime.
• 😀 Despite economic success, Soeharto’s government faced criticism for using Pancasila to justify authoritarianism, restricting freedoms and benefiting from KKN practices.
• 😀 The Reformasi era (1998-present) ushered in democracy, political party competition, and media freedom, but also led to social challenges, such as drugs, unethical communication, and violence, demanding a balanced approach to freedom.

Q & A

What was the main challenge faced by Indonesia in the early days of its independence?

The main challenge was the internal conflicts and rebellions, such as the Madiun PKI rebellion, Darul Islam, the Republic of South Maluku rebellion, and others.

How was Pancasila applied during the 'Old Order' period?

During the 'Old Order' period, Pancasila faced significant deviations. One example was President Soekarno being appointed as president for life, which went against the democratic principles of Pancasila, leading to an authoritarian government.

What was the 'Nasakom' alliance and why was it controversial?

Nasakom was an alliance between nationalists, religious groups, and communists formed under Soekarno. It was controversial because the inclusion of the PKI, a communist party, was inconsistent with the Pancasila values, particularly as communism rejects the belief in God.

What event marked a turning point in Indonesian history during the 'Old Order'?

The 30 September Movement (G30S PKI) in 1965 was a major turning point. The PKI attempted to overthrow the government and replace Pancasila with communist ideology, but the coup was foiled, and Pancasila remained intact.

What significant change occurred during the 'New Order' period?

The 'New Order' period, starting in 1966, marked the transition of power from President Soekarno to President Soeharto. It was characterized by efforts to restore stability and implement Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution effectively.

What were some of the achievements during the 'New Order' under President Soeharto?

During Soeharto's leadership, Indonesia experienced significant development in various sectors, with improved stability and widespread prosperity. He was given the title 'Father of Development.'

What were some of the negative aspects of the 'New Order' period?

The 'New Order' was marked by restrictions on press freedom, limited political participation, human rights violations, and widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN).

What was the impact of the 'Reformation Era' on Indonesian democracy?

The Reformation Era, starting in 1998 after Soeharto's resignation, led to a resurgence of democratic practices. Political parties flourished, and there was increased freedom of the press and political participation.

What are some of the challenges faced by Indonesian society in the 'Reformation Era'?

Despite the democratic progress, the Reformation Era also saw the emergence of negative social phenomena, such as promiscuity, unethical communication, drug and alcohol abuse, and violence, which threatened the moral fabric of society.

What is the key takeaway regarding Pancasila in Indonesian history?

The key takeaway is that regardless of the political system or challenges, Indonesia must continue to uphold Pancasila as the foundational philosophy and guiding principle for the nation, ensuring justice, prosperity, and unity.