Sistem dan Dinamika Demokrasi Pancasila | Materi PPKn SMA Kelas XI

Summary

This script explores the concept of democracy, highlighting its origins in Greek philosophy and its application in Indonesia. It explains the various forms of democracy, including direct and indirect systems, and outlines the core principles of Indonesia's Pancasila democracy. The script traces the evolution of democracy in Indonesia, from the Old Order and New Order periods to the ongoing Reform Era, emphasizing the role of citizen participation and equal rights. It concludes with a call to action for citizens to actively contribute to building a truly democratic nation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Democracy originates from two Greek words: 'Demos' meaning people and 'Kratos' meaning government, defining it as government by the people.
• 😀 Abraham Lincoln's definition of democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people, emphasizing full power for citizens to manage their nation.
• 😀 In a democratic nation, citizens have key responsibilities including respecting the law, prioritizing national interests, participating in politics, and contributing to national development.
• 😀 Democracy can be classified in several ways: based on focus (material or combined), ideology (constitutional or popular), and process (direct or indirect).
• 😀 Indonesia practices Pancasila democracy, which is based on principles such as people's sovereignty, wisdom in deliberation, and justice for all citizens.
• 😀 The characteristics of Pancasila democracy include: people's sovereignty, deliberation, and wisdom, which are central ideals for its application.
• 😀 During the period of 1945-1950, Indonesia was transitioning from a colonized nation to an independent one, applying the nation's Pancasila ideology amidst some societal disagreements.
• 😀 From 1950 to 1959, the democratic system was successfully implemented with the 1955 election to choose the Constituent Assembly, although there were challenges in its application.
• 😀 The 'Guided Democracy' system was introduced by President Sukarno between 1959 and 1966, leading to increased centralization of power.
• 😀 The New Order period (1966-1998) under President Soeharto saw democracy limited by restrictions on free speech and the military's dual function, which ultimately led to protests and Soeharto’s resignation in 1998.
• 😀 The Reform Era (1998-present) in Indonesia saw progress in democracy, including freer elections, government decentralization, public participation in politics, and the protection of civil liberties like freedom of speech and press.

Q & A

What is the origin of the word 'democracy'?

The word 'democracy' comes from two Greek words: 'Demos', meaning 'people', and 'Kratos' or 'Kratein', meaning 'rule'. Therefore, democracy refers to 'the rule of the people'.

How did Abraham Lincoln define democracy?

Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as 'a government of the people, by the people, for the people', meaning that the people have full authority to govern and make decisions for the country.

What are the key responsibilities of citizens in a democratic country like Indonesia?

Citizens in a democratic country have the responsibility to: 1) Respect and uphold the law, 2) Uphold the country's ideology and constitution, 3) Prioritize national interests, 4) Participate in political activities, and 5) Actively contribute to national development.

How is democracy classified based on the focus of attention?

Democracy can be classified into three forms based on its focus: 1) Material democracy, 2) Democracy of ideas, and 3) Combined democracy.

What are the two main ideologies of democracy mentioned in the script?

Democracy is divided into two ideologies: 1) Constitutional democracy and 2) People's democracy.

How is democracy categorized based on the process of expressing the people's will?

Democracy can be classified based on the process of expressing the people's will into: 1) Direct democracy and 2) Indirect democracy.

What makes Indonesia's system of government a Pancasila democracy?

Indonesia's system of government is based on Pancasila because it is guided by the fifth principle, which is 'Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan perwakilan' ('Democracy led by wisdom in deliberation and representation'). It is also influenced by the other principles of Pancasila, such as belief in the one and only God, justice, unity, and social fairness.

What are the three main characteristics of Pancasila democracy?

The three main characteristics of Pancasila democracy are: 1) 'Kerakyatan' (the people's sovereignty), 2) 'Permusyawaratan' (deliberation), and 3) 'Kebijaksanaan' (wisdom).

What was the state of Indonesian democracy during the Old Order period (1945-1950)?

During the Old Order period (1945-1950), Indonesia was in a transitional phase, moving from a colonized nation to an independent one. The country faced challenges in fully implementing its democratic system, as some parts of society either agreed or resisted the adoption of Pancasila as the national ideology.

What major changes occurred in Indonesia's democracy during the Reformasi period (1998-present)?

The Reformasi period saw significant progress in Indonesian democracy, including: 1) More democratic elections, 2) Rotating political power from the central government down to the village level, 3) Open and transparent appointments to political positions, and 4) The implementation of freedom of expression, press, and more.

What makes a country truly democratic according to the script?

A country is considered truly democratic if its government ensures that: 1) All citizens are equal before the law, 2) Citizens can participate in decision-making processes, 3) People earn a fair income, 4) Wealth distribution is just, and 5) There is freedom of expression with responsibility.