Rangkuman Materi PKN Kelas 9 Bab 1|Dinamika Perwujudan Pancasila Sebagai Pandangan Hidup Bangsa

Summary

This educational video covers the dynamic evolution of Pancasila, Indonesia's state ideology, across three key historical periods: the Old Order, New Order, and Reform Era. The script details Pancasila's application and challenges during these periods, highlighting political and social upheavals such as the PKI rebellion and the rise of authoritarianism under Soeharto. It also explores the concept of Pancasila as an open ideology, emphasizing its values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and justice, which evolve with societal changes. The video concludes with a discussion on how Pancasila shapes Indonesia's national identity and governance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Pancasila serves as the foundation and worldview of Indonesia, and its application has evolved through different political eras.
• 😀 There are three significant periods in the application of Pancasila: the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era.
• 😀 The Old Order period (1945-1950) witnessed attempts to replace Pancasila, including rebellions like the PKI and Darul Islam.
• 😀 In the 1950-1959 period, Indonesia faced internal challenges such as rebellions (RMS, PRRI, and Permesta) and the failure of the Constituent Assembly, leading to the 1959 Presidential Decree.
• 😀 From 1959-1966, the Guided Democracy era under President Sukarno focused on a more centralized power with deviations, such as the establishment of Nasakom (Nationalist, Religious, Communist cooperation).
• 😀 The G30S/PKI rebellion in 1965 aimed to re-establish a Soviet-style Indonesia and replace Pancasila with communism.
• 😀 The New Order era (under President Soeharto) replaced Sukarno’s Guided Democracy with a Pancasila-guided democracy, emphasizing strong central control and development but still maintaining authoritarian tendencies.
• 😀 The Reform Era emerged after President Soeharto's resignation, focusing on the rejection of authoritarianism and the promotion of freedoms, though challenges like social issues and moral decay emerged.
• 😀 Pancasila's core values, such as belief in one God, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice, serve as fundamental principles for governance in Indonesia.
• 😀 Pancasila is an open ideology, meaning it evolves with societal changes while staying true to its foundational principles. Its values are drawn from Indonesia's moral, cultural, and spiritual heritage.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The main focus of the video script is the implementation and evolution of Pancasila as the foundation and way of life for the Indonesian people, covering its application throughout different historical periods: the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era.

What challenges did Pancasila face during the Old Order period?

During the Old Order period, Pancasila faced significant challenges, including political instability and social chaos. Efforts to replace Pancasila as the state ideology were seen, such as the PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia) and Darul Islam rebellions.

What was the outcome of the PKI rebellion in the Old Order period?

The PKI rebellion, led by Muso, aimed to establish a Soviet Indonesia with a communist ideology. This rebellion was unsuccessful and contributed to the unstable political situation during the Old Order.

What political event led to the end of the Old Order period in Indonesia?

The PKI's 30th September movement (G30S) in 1965, led by DN Aidit, aimed to overthrow the government and replace Pancasila with communist ideology. This event marked the end of the Old Order and the beginning of the New Order under President Soeharto.

How did the New Order period differ from the Old Order in terms of governance?

The New Order period, under President Soeharto, shifted from a more chaotic and unstable system to a more centralized, authoritarian regime where power was concentrated in the hands of the president. It focused on implementing Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution in a more systematic way.

What was the significance of the Supersemar decree during the New Order?

The Supersemar decree granted President Soeharto vast powers, including the ability to control the military and the government, further consolidating his power. This decree contributed to the centralized and authoritarian nature of the New Order.

What major shift occurred after the fall of President Soeharto?

After President Soeharto's resignation, Indonesia entered the Reform Era, aiming for a more democratic governance system. This era sought to prevent the abuse of power and promote the free expression of the people, although it also led to social challenges, such as increased freedom that sometimes resulted in negative behaviors like unregulated communication.

What are the positive and negative effects of the freedom promoted in the Reform Era?

The positive effect of the freedom in the Reform Era is that it allowed the people to express themselves openly and without fear of repression. However, the negative effect was the emergence of social issues such as free sexual behavior and unethical communication, which could lead to societal division.

What does 'open ideology' mean in the context of Pancasila?

An 'open ideology' refers to the idea that Pancasila encourages the development of new thoughts and ideas within its framework, while maintaining its core values. It is adaptable and evolves with time, reflecting the moral and cultural richness of Indonesian society.

What are the three dimensions of Pancasila mentioned in the script?

The three dimensions of Pancasila are: the idealistic dimension (which focuses on its philosophical foundations), the normative dimension (which refers to the norms derived from its values), and the realistic dimension (which emphasizes how Pancasila must align with the real-life practices and developments of society).