Apakah Peking Cina Terlibat Peristiwa G30S? | Bagian Ketiga Dalang G30S 1965

Summary

This video explores the historical events surrounding Indonesia’s 1965-1968 period, focusing on the G30S (September 30th Movement) and its aftermath. It examines the role of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) and its connections with China, particularly the support offered by China to PKI members. The script highlights the political tensions, military actions, and the tragic persecution of the ethnic Chinese population, leading to the forced migration of over 160,000 people. The involvement of China is discussed, but its direct participation in the coup remains controversial, contributing to the complex legacy of these events.

Takeaways

• 😀 The period from 1965 to 1968 in Indonesia was marked by massive violence, including the expulsion of over 160,000 Chinese-Indonesians, primarily due to the September 30th Movement (G30S).
• 😀 The G30S was a failed coup attempt by a small faction within the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), leading to widespread anti-communist sentiment and persecution of the Chinese community.
• 😀 China had a significant influence on PKI during the 1960s, as both countries shared communist ideologies, particularly during the Sino-Soviet split.
• 😀 In 1965, relations between Indonesia and China were very close, with significant cultural, educational, and economic exchanges.
• 😀 Indonesia's president, Sukarno, opposed the creation of Malaysia, accusing it of being a neo-colonial plot by the British, which led to military confrontations.
• 😀 In early 1965, China supported the PKI and Indonesia's anti-Western stance, with Chinese officials offering military aid and pushing for the formation of a fifth military force in Indonesia.
• 😀 The idea of a fifth military force, proposed by PKI, was intended to empower the party with additional military support, and was planned to include workers and peasants as revolutionary forces.
• 😀 In August 1965, PKI leader D.N. Aidit visited China and met with Mao Zedong, discussing Indonesia's political future and the potential succession after President Sukarno's deteriorating health.
• 😀 The G30S coup, planned for October 1, 1965, involved the kidnapping and killing of several Indonesian generals by a unit under Lieutenant Colonel Untung, claiming to prevent an anti-communist coup.
• 😀 While China was aware of PKI’s plans, it was not directly involved in the G30S, and Beijing initially misunderstood the coup as an effort by anti-communist generals rather than PKI's planned revolution.

Q & A

What was the G30S movement in Indonesia, and what were its main objectives?

The G30S movement was an attempted coup in 1965 by a faction of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), aiming to seize power from the government and military. The goal was to establish a 'Revolutionary Council' and remove anti-communist generals from power.

How did the relationship between Indonesia and China influence the political events of the 1960s?

In the 1960s, Indonesia, under President Sukarno, had a close relationship with China, particularly after Indonesia's conflict with Malaysia. China supported the PKI, and there were numerous exchanges in culture, education, and military aid. This political alignment was a factor in the escalation of tensions leading to the G30S.

Was China directly involved in the G30S coup attempt?

While China supported the PKI ideologically and provided assistance, there is no conclusive evidence of direct Chinese government involvement in the G30S. The Chinese government was aware of the coup plans but was not actively involved in executing them.

What role did the military play in the suppression of the G30S movement?

The Indonesian military, led by General Suharto, quickly suppressed the G30S movement, retaking control and neutralizing the PKI supporters. Suharto's leadership marked the beginning of his rise to power, and he was instrumental in dismantling the communist threat in Indonesia.

How did the anti-communist sentiment in Indonesia affect the ethnic Chinese population?

Due to the perceived association of ethnic Chinese with communism, many were targeted during the anti-communist purge following the G30S. They faced persecution, violence, and forced exile, with over 160,000 Chinese Indonesians fleeing the country for China between 1965 and 1968.

What was the significance of the 'Angkatan Kelima' (Fifth Force) concept within the PKI?

The 'Angkatan Kelima' was a proposed military force outside the traditional branches of the Indonesian military, intended to be filled by PKI supporters, including workers and peasants. This was seen as a strategy to strengthen the PKI's influence within Indonesia's military and political structure.

How did Indonesia's withdrawal from the United Nations in 1965 impact the international perception of the country?

Indonesia's withdrawal from the UN in 1965, under President Sukarno's leadership, was part of a broader anti-colonial stance, particularly in opposition to the formation of Malaysia. This action isolated Indonesia diplomatically, though it also garnered support from communist nations like China.

What was the role of the 'Dewan Jenderal' (Generals' Council) in the political dynamics of Indonesia during this time?

The Dewan Jenderal consisted of anti-communist military leaders who opposed the PKI's influence and the idea of the Angkatan Kelima. They played a key role in preventing the PKI from gaining control, and their resistance contributed to the failure of the G30S coup attempt.

How did the Indonesian government under General Suharto respond to China's support for the PKI?

General Suharto and the Indonesian military were highly suspicious of China's support for the PKI, and after the G30S, they increasingly viewed China as a threat. The military propaganda under Suharto linked ethnic Chinese with communism, leading to widespread violence against Chinese Indonesians.

What impact did the events of 1965–1968 have on the relationship between Indonesia and China?

The relationship between Indonesia and China soured after the failed G30S coup. China's ideological support for the PKI became a source of tension, especially as Indonesia turned increasingly anti-communist. By 1967, China openly opposed Suharto's regime, but diplomatic ties were severely strained.