Konferensi Malino: Terbentuknya Negara Baru

Summary

This video discusses the Malino Conference of 1946, where Dutch officials and representatives from Indonesia's eastern regions met to discuss the formation of new states following Japan's defeat in WWII. The conference, held in Malino, aimed to create a federal structure by dividing Indonesia into separate nations. Despite economic discussions, the primary goal was to divide Indonesia, as seen in the creation of the Negara Indonesia Timur. The conference's aftermath saw the formation and later dissolution of the state. The video emphasizes the impact of these efforts on Indonesia's unity.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Malino Conference, held in July 1946, was a pivotal event in post-World War II Indonesia, marking efforts to divide the country and establish new states.
• 😀 The conference was held in Malino, South Sulawesi, where Dutch officials, along with regional representatives, discussed the future of Eastern Indonesia and Kalimantan.
• 😀 At the time, Indonesia was under transition following Japan's defeat, and several territories, including Kalimantan and Eastern Indonesia, were transferred to Dutch control.
• 😀 The Malino Conference proposed several economic reforms for the region, including the use of natural resources for local development and the encouragement of private businesses in international trade.
• 😀 The conference also aimed to eliminate monopolies in the economy, which were seen as a barrier to local development.
• 😀 One of the key proposals discussed was the improvement of maritime transportation, especially motorized boats for local trade and connectivity.
• 😀 Frans Kaisiepo, the only Papuan representative at the conference, introduced the term 'Irian' to refer to Papua, which was later understood as 'Ikut Republik Indonesia Anti-Netherlands'.
• 😀 Rosihan Anwar, a journalist, reported that the Malino Conference was intended by the Dutch to fragment Indonesia into separate states, a tactic of divide and conquer.
• 😀 After the Malino Conference, a federal state called Negara Indonesia Timur (Eastern Indonesia State) was formed, with its capital in Makassar, though Kalimantan was excluded from this arrangement.
• 😀 The Negara Indonesia Timur eventually dissolved in 1950, and the Malino Conference is seen as an unsuccessful attempt by the Dutch to undermine Indonesia’s unity and sovereignty.

Q & A

What was the purpose of the Malino Conference in 1946?

The Malino Conference aimed to discuss the future of regions in Eastern Indonesia and Borneo after Japan's defeat in World War II. It also sought to determine the structure of new states and the economy in these areas, and to lay the groundwork for a federal system under Dutch control.

What regions were involved in the Malino Conference?

The regions involved included the Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung, Kalimantan, Eastern Indonesia (including Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, and Bali). These areas were transferred from British control to the Dutch after Japan's defeat.

Who was the Dutch official leading the Malino Conference?

Lieutenant Governor-General Gubernatus Van Mook led the Dutch delegation during the Malino Conference and played a significant role in preparing policies for the regions involved.

What were some of the key economic proposals discussed during the Malino Conference?

The economic proposals included: using initial revenue from natural resources for regional development, privatizing international trade in the area, abolishing monopolies in the economy, lifting war-time deposit restrictions, providing loans for trade and cooperatives, enhancing motorboat transportation, and appointing economic representatives in the regions.

How did the Malino Conference relate to the broader political landscape of Indonesia at the time?

The Malino Conference was seen by some, like journalist Rosihan Anwar, as an attempt by the Dutch to divide Indonesia by creating separate states in the eastern regions. This effort was opposed by Indonesian nationalists who sought to maintain national unity.

Who was the only Papuan representative at the Malino Conference, and what contribution did he make?

Frans Kaisiepo, the only Papuan representative at the conference, introduced the term 'Irian' to refer to Papua, which was later considered to stand for 'Ikut Republik Indonesia Anti Netherlands' ('Join the Republic of Indonesia, Anti-Netherlands').

What was the outcome of the Malino Conference?

The Malino Conference resulted in the creation of a new state, the Negara Indonesia Timur (Eastern Indonesia State), but it was short-lived, dissolving in August 1950 due to political changes and Indonesia's desire for a unitary state.

What was the significance of the subsequent Denpasar Conference in 1946?

The Denpasar Conference, held in December 1946, was a continuation of the Malino Conference. It led to the formation of the Negara Indonesia Timur (Eastern Indonesia State), but Kalimantan was not included, and it had limited authority, only consisting of federal councils.

How did the creation of Negara Indonesia Timur reflect the Dutch strategy in Indonesia after World War II?

The creation of Negara Indonesia Timur was part of the Dutch strategy to maintain control over Indonesia by creating a federal system that could potentially weaken Indonesia’s unity and prolong Dutch influence. However, this effort ultimately failed as Indonesia pursued a unitary republic.

Why did the Negara Indonesia Timur dissolve in 1950?

The Negara Indonesia Timur dissolved in August 1950 due to the pressure of Indonesia’s independence movement and the rejection of the federal model in favor of a unitary republic. This was part of Indonesia’s consolidation of power and territorial unity.