NKRI Apa itu? | Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia

Summary

The video explains Indonesia's political system, focusing on its structure as a unitary state (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) with a presidential republic government. It contrasts this system with other forms of governance such as federalism and monarchy, highlighting Indonesia's decentralized approach where local regions manage certain affairs under the central government’s control. The video also explores the strengths and weaknesses of Indonesia’s system, noting its alignment with Pancasila values like mutual cooperation, but also the risk of corruption due to a centralized executive power.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia is a unitary state (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia), meaning the highest authority is held by the central government.
• 😀 Local regions in Indonesia have some autonomy to manage local affairs, but the central government retains control, following a decentralization system.
• 😀 Indonesia operates under a **presidential republic** system, where the president is elected directly by the people and serves as both head of state and head of government.
• 😀 There are two types of republics: **presidential republic**, where the president has executive power, and **parliamentary republic**, where the president's role is largely ceremonial and the prime minister runs the government.
• 😀 Examples of countries with a **presidential republic** are Indonesia, the United States, and Brazil, where the president is elected directly.
• 😀 Countries like Japan and India use a **parliamentary republic** system, where the president is chosen by the parliament and serves a ceremonial role.
• 😀 Indonesia’s government is guided by the **1945 Constitution**, which outlines the separation of powers and guarantees citizens’ rights.
• 😀 The **1945 Constitution** helps divide powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in Indonesia.
• 😀 The Indonesian government is designed to promote cooperation (gotong royong) and mutual support among the different branches of government, in line with the national philosophy of **Pancasila**.
• 😀 One of the weaknesses of Indonesia’s system is the risk of **corruption, collusion, and nepotism**, especially because power is concentrated in the executive branch.
• 😀 The potential for corruption arises when government officials are appointed based on personal relationships rather than merit, but the hope is that more selective processes will address this issue.

Q & A

What does 'NKRI' stand for, and what does it represent in the context of Indonesia?

NKRI stands for 'Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia' or the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. It represents a form of government where the highest power is held by the central government, which includes the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

What is meant by 'desentralisasi' or decentralization in the context of Indonesia's governance?

'Desentralisasi' refers to the delegation of authority from the central government to regional governments. It allows local areas to manage certain affairs like politics and natural resources, but the ultimate control remains with the central government.

Which countries also implement a unitary state system like Indonesia?

Countries like Japan and France also use a unitary state system, where the central government holds significant authority over regional or local governments.

What is the difference between a unitary state and a federal state?

A unitary state, like Indonesia, has a central government with supreme authority, while a federal state, such as the USA or Germany, has a division of powers between central and regional governments, often with more autonomy for the regions.

What are the two types of republic systems mentioned in the video, and how do they differ?

The two types of republic systems are the presidential republic and the parliamentary republic. In a presidential republic, the president is directly elected by the people and serves as both the head of state and government. In a parliamentary republic, the president is chosen by the parliament and serves a ceremonial role, with the prime minister holding executive power.

Which countries practice a presidential republic system similar to Indonesia?

Countries like the United States and Brazil also practice a presidential republic system, where the president is directly elected and holds significant executive power.

How is a parliamentary republic different from a presidential republic?

In a parliamentary republic, the president is elected by the parliament and typically serves a symbolic or ceremonial role. The prime minister, also chosen by the parliament, holds the real executive power. This is different from a presidential republic, where the president is elected by the people and serves both as head of state and head of government.

What is the significance of Indonesia's constitution, as mentioned in the video?

Indonesia's constitution, which is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, outlines the fundamental laws governing the nation, including the separation of powers, limitations on governmental authority, and the protection of citizens' rights.

What are some advantages of Indonesia's governance system?

One advantage of Indonesia's governance system is its alignment with the fourth principle of Pancasila, which emphasizes mutual cooperation (gotong royong) and consensus (musyawarah). This encourages collaboration between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

What are some of the challenges or criticisms of Indonesia's current system of governance?

A major criticism is the potential for corruption, collusion, and nepotism, especially due to the concentration of power in the executive branch. This could lead to political appointments based on personal connections rather than merit, potentially undermining effective governance.