FORMA DE ESTADO, FORMA DE GOVERNO E SISTEMA DE GOVERNO | DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL | CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA

Summary

In this video, the speaker explains Brazil's political structure, focusing on three key aspects: the form of state, the form of government, and the system of government. Brazil is a federative state with a republican form of government and a presidential system. The video compares different state forms like unitary states and federations, as well as government types like republics and monarchies. It also highlights the differences between presidentialism and parliamentarism, emphasizing the roles of the head of state and head of government. The speaker invites viewers to comment on their interest in the topic and suggests exploring related constitutional law content.

Takeaways

• 😀 The form of state refers to whether a country is a unitary state or a federation. Brazil follows a federative form of state.
• 😀 A unitary state has centralized power, while a federated state divides power across different entities.
• 😀 Brazil's federative form gives autonomy to its states but does not grant sovereignty or the right to secede.
• 😀 The federative bond in Brazil is indissoluble, meaning it cannot be dissolved through constitutional amendments.
• 😀 Confederation, while historically considered a form of state, is not in practice today, with Switzerland being an example of a federation despite its name.
• 😀 Brazil has adopted the republican form of government, where political power is exercised by representatives elected by the people.
• 😀 The republican system is not tied to presidentialism, meaning a republic can exist with different government systems.
• 😀 Presidentialism and parliamentarism are two different systems of government. In presidentialism, one person holds both head of state and head of government roles.
• 😀 In parliamentarism, the head of state (president or monarch) is separate from the head of government (prime minister), who is responsible for administration.
• 😀 The key difference between head of state and head of government is that the former represents the country internationally, while the latter handles internal political and administrative affairs.
• 😀 A parliamentary system strengthens Parliament, with the prime minister requiring approval from it, as seen in examples like the UK.

Q & A

What are the two main forms of state discussed in the video?

The two main forms of state discussed are the unitary state and the federative (or federal) state. A unitary state has centralized power, while a federative state divides power among different territorial entities.

What type of state does Brazil adopt?

Brazil adopts a federative form of state, meaning that power is divided among different states but is still centralized under a federal constitution.

What is the difference between autonomy and sovereignty as mentioned in the video?

Autonomy refers to the ability of federative entities (like Brazilian states) to make decisions and govern themselves within the framework of the federal constitution, but sovereignty is reserved for the entire country. States in Brazil do not have sovereignty.

Can Brazilian states secede from the country?

No, Brazilian states cannot secede from the country. The federative bond in Brazil is indissoluble, meaning that states cannot withdraw or break away from the union.

What is the classical doctrine’s view on Confederation as a form of state?

The classical doctrine considers Confederation as a form of state where independent states unite but retain their sovereignty and the right to secede. However, no confederation exists in the modern world, and Switzerland, despite its name, is a federation, not a confederation.

What is the form of government adopted by Brazil?

Brazil adopts the republican form of government, where political power emanates from the people, and the government is exercised by representatives elected by the people.

Is the form of government in Brazil permanent or can it change?

The form of government in Brazil is not a 'stone clause.' Although Brazil is a republic, a plebiscite held in 1993 confirmed the continuation of the republic and rejected the return of monarchy.

What is the difference between presidentialism and parliamentarism?

In presidentialism, the president serves as both the head of state and the head of government, concentrating power in one person. In parliamentarism, the roles are divided: the head of state can be a president or monarch, while the head of government is the prime minister, who is appointed by and accountable to the parliament.

In which type of government does the prime minister hold power?

The prime minister holds power in a parliamentary system of government, where they serve as the head of government and are appointed by parliament.

What is an example of a parliamentary monarchy mentioned in the video?

The United Kingdom is an example of a parliamentary monarchy, where the monarch serves as the ceremonial head of state and the prime minister is the actual head of government.