PEMBAHASAN SOAL SEJARAH - MATERI MASA DEMOKRASI LIBERAL - PERSIAPAN UTBK SBMPTN DAN SIMAK UI

Summary

This educational video, presented by Andi, explores the era of Liberal Democracy in Indonesia, focusing on key features of its political structure. The video explains the transition from the Republic of Indonesia's federal system (Republic of Indonesia Serikat) to a unitary state, highlighting the role of the parliamentary cabinet system, the Prime Minister’s position, and the adoption of the 1950 Temporary Constitution. Key historical events, including the rise of political movements and the consequences of the KMB agreement, are discussed to explain the dynamic political landscape. This content aims to clarify complex political changes and their implications in Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia began after the dissolution of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) in 1950.
• 😀 During the Liberal Democracy period, Indonesia adopted a parliamentary system where the head of government was the Prime Minister, not the President.
• 😀 The President, during this period, was the head of state, while the Prime Minister was appointed by the President with parliamentary approval.
• 😀 The Constitution used during the Liberal Democracy era was the 1950 Interim Constitution, not the 1945 Constitution.
• 😀 A general election in 1955 helped elect members of the DPR and the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution.
• 😀 The parliamentary system during the Liberal Democracy period led to frequent changes in government, with multiple cabinets forming and collapsing.
• 😀 The RIS, a federal state, lasted less than a year, from December 1949 to August 1950.
• 😀 After the signing of the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference (KMB), Indonesia briefly became a federation, known as the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS).
• 😀 Several regions, like Sumatera Timur, Sumatera Selatan, and Pasundan, were considered states in the RIS, while Java Tengah was a regional autonomy, not a federal state.
• 😀 Key factors for the dissolution of the RIS included a desire for a unitary state, opposition to federalism, and internal rebellions such as the APRA and the Republic of South Maluku (RMS).

Q & A

What was the main characteristic of Indonesia's government during the Democratic Liberal era?

During the Democratic Liberal era (1950-1959), Indonesia operated under a parliamentary system where the Prime Minister was the head of government, separate from the President, who was the head of state. This was different from a presidential system.

How was the position of the Prime Minister established during the Democratic Liberal era?

The Prime Minister during the Democratic Liberal era was appointed by the President, after receiving approval from the majority of the members of Parliament. This made the position heavily influenced by parliamentary support.

Which constitution was in use during the Democratic Liberal era in Indonesia?

During the Democratic Liberal era, Indonesia used the Interim Constitution of 1950 (UUDS), not the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945), which was temporarily set aside.

What was the system of government in the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS)?

The Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS), which existed from 1949 to 1950, was a federal state, consisting of several states and autonomous regions, including Sumatera Timur, Pasundan, and others.

Why was the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) dissolved?

The Republic of Indonesia Serikat was dissolved due to several factors, including the widespread belief that a federal system did not align with Indonesia’s national aspirations, pressure from the public for a unitary state, and the Mosi Integral proposed by Muhammad Natsir to unify the states under a single republic.

What role did the Mosi Integral by Muhammad Natsir play in Indonesian politics?

Muhammad Natsir's Mosi Integral was a key political move, proposing the return of Indonesia to a unitary state rather than a federal one. This mosi became a major factor leading to the dissolution of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat and the re-establishment of a unitary state.

What were some of the rebellions that influenced the dissolution of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat?

Several uprisings contributed to the dissolution of RIS, including the APRA (Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil), RMS (Republic of South Maluku), and the rebellion led by Andi Azis. These events reinforced the need for Indonesia to revert to a unitary state.

How long did the Republic of Indonesia Serikat last, and when was it dissolved?

The Republic of Indonesia Serikat lasted for about eight months, from December 1949 to August 1950, before being dissolved and replaced by a unitary state.

Which region was NOT a part of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat's states?

Jawa Tengah (Central Java) was not a part of the states within the Republic of Indonesia Serikat; it was considered an autonomous region instead.

What was the impact of the Interim Constitution of 1950 (UUDS) on Indonesia's legal framework?

The Interim Constitution of 1950 (UUDS) provided the legal framework for Indonesia during the Democratic Liberal era, but it was eventually replaced after the re-establishment of a unitary state, with new constitutional arrangements.