Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen Pengukuran kinerja tradisional 1

Summary

This lecture discusses traditional and contemporary performance measurement methods, focusing on responsibility accounting and the balanced scorecard. Traditional metrics like effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity are contrasted with modern approaches that incorporate both financial and non-financial performance indicators. The responsibility accounting system assigns responsibility, builds performance metrics, and rewards satisfactory outcomes. The balanced scorecard is highlighted as a strategic tool for dynamic and uncertain business environments, ensuring alignment with long-term goals. The process of measuring performance, comparing actual results with plans, and making adjustments is essential for continuous improvement and business success.

Takeaways

• 😀 Traditional performance measurement focuses on effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity.
• 😀 Contemporary performance measurement introduces the balanced scorecard, which is discussed in Chapter 11 of the book.
• 😀 Performance measurement can be analyzed through variance analysis, comparing budgeted vs. actual costs and performance.
• 😀 Responsibility accounting assigns accountability for performance and establishes metrics for evaluating success.
• 😀 Financial indicators like profit and productivity are often used in responsibility accounting to evaluate performance.
• 😀 The dynamic nature of business environments, like the pandemic in 2020, can impact profitability and make traditional measures insufficient.
• 😀 Activity-based responsibility accounting measures both financial and non-financial performance, offering a more holistic approach.
• 😀 The balanced scorecard is a strategic tool used in environments where the future is uncertain, offering a comprehensive performance measurement system.
• 😀 A formal control process is essential for measuring performance, including strategy formulation, programming, budgeting, and comparing actual performance to planned targets.
• 😀 Performance measurement involves comparing actual performance to plans and adjusting based on discrepancies to improve future outcomes.

Q & A

What is the focus of Chapter 10 in the script?

Chapter 10 focuses on traditional performance measurement systems, which include evaluating effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It contrasts these with contemporary systems like the Balanced Scorecard, which will be discussed in Chapter 11.

What is the purpose of analyzing variances in traditional performance measurement?

The purpose of variance analysis is to compare budgeted costs with actual outcomes, allowing businesses to assess discrepancies in areas such as price, volume, market share, and production. This helps in evaluating financial performance and identifying areas needing improvement.

How does responsibility accounting work in performance measurement?

Responsibility accounting assigns specific performance responsibilities to different parts of an organization. It ensures that managers are accountable for their areas and that performance can be measured accurately against pre-established criteria like revenue or productivity targets.

What are the key components of responsibility accounting systems?

The key components include assigning responsibility to managers, setting performance metrics, and measuring performance against those metrics. It helps in holding managers accountable and rewarding successful performance.

How do financial and non-financial measures relate to performance measurement systems?

In traditional systems, financial measures like profit or productivity are used to evaluate performance. However, more modern systems like Activity-Based Responsibility Accounting include both financial and non-financial measures, which provide a more comprehensive view of performance.

What challenges might arise in measuring performance during dynamic or uncertain environments?

In dynamic environments, where factors like consumer preferences or economic conditions change rapidly, traditional financial measures such as profit may not adequately reflect performance. In these cases, strategic performance measurement systems like the Balanced Scorecard are better suited as they account for both financial and non-financial factors.

What role does the Balanced Scorecard play in performance measurement?

The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic performance measurement system used in turbulent environments. It goes beyond traditional financial metrics and incorporates both leading and lagging indicators to evaluate performance across multiple dimensions, such as customer satisfaction, internal processes, and learning and growth.

How do performance measurements help in making decisions about rewards and incentives?

Performance measurement provides feedback on whether a manager or team has met their objectives. If the performance is deemed satisfactory, the system can trigger rewards or incentives. On the other hand, unsatisfactory performance may lead to corrective actions or adjustments in future planning.

What happens if both the plan and the execution are found to be flawed in performance measurement?

If both the planning and execution of performance are flawed, it indicates deeper issues within the organization. The plan may need to be revised, or corrective actions should be implemented to improve execution. This could involve adjusting strategies or revisiting the assumptions made in the original plan.

Why is formal control important in the performance measurement process?

Formal control is essential because it ensures that performance is tracked against set objectives and that any deviations from the plan are identified and corrected. It provides structure, accountability, and clarity in the process of achieving organizational goals.