TEXTO Y TIPOS DE TEXTO

Literama

26 Apr 202006:14

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the nature of a text, defining it as a coherent and cohesive set of statements forming a meaningful unit. It distinguishes four main types of texts based on the speaker's intent: Descriptive, Narrative, Expository, and Argumentative. Each serves a specific communicative purpose, from detailing characteristics to persuading opinions. The script emphasizes the importance of understanding the audience to ensure effective communication, highlighting the need for clarity and appropriateness in language use.

Takeaways

📘 A 'text' is derived from the Latin 'textus', meaning woven or interwoven, and can be both oral and written.
🔍 A text is defined as a set of statements that form a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion.
🔗 Coherence is the logical organization and selection of information according to the topic, giving unity and sense to the discourse.
🔗 Cohesion is the connection between different linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding word repetition.
📚 Cohesion is achieved through devices like reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors.
🗣️ Text production is part of the communication circuit, involving a sender and a receiver with a specific message to convey.
🏷️ Texts can be categorized into four main groups based on the speaker's intention: Descriptive, Narrative, Expository, and Argumentative.
🖼️ Descriptive texts focus on characterizing objects, people, feelings, places, etc., with a rich use of adjectives and sensory details.
📖 Narrative texts recount events with characters and specific settings, requiring action verbs and often found in stories, novels, and news chronicles.
📚 Expository texts aim to inform or explain a topic objectively, using examples like encyclopedias, manuals, and articles for popular science.
💡 Argumentative texts seek to convince or persuade, presenting reasons and arguments to support a viewpoint, found in theses, opinion articles, and political speeches.
👥 The recipient of a text plays a crucial role in successful communication, requiring the text to be clear, understandable, and appropriate for the audience.
📝 Considering coherence, cohesion, clarity, and audience understanding enhances both reading comprehension and the quality of communication.

Q & A

What does the term 'text' derive from and what does it mean?
-The term 'text' comes from the Latin word 'textus', which means 'woven' or 'interwoven'. It can be either spoken or written and is defined as a set of statements that form a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion.
What is coherence in the context of a text?
-Coherence refers to the logical organization and selection of information according to the topic, relating different parts of the discourse to give unity and meaning.
What is cohesion and how does it relate to linguistic elements in a text?
-Cohesion is the connection between different linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding repetition of words. It relies on resources such as reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors, both temporal and spatial.
How is the production of a text situated within the communication circuit?
-The production of a text is situated within the communication circuit as it involves a speaker who has the need to communicate a message to a specific audience or receiver.
What are the four major groups of texts based on the speaker's objective?
-The four major groups of texts are Descriptive Texts, Narrative Texts, Expository or Explanatory Texts, and Argumentative Texts, each serving different communication purposes such as describing, narrating, explaining, or arguing.
What is a Descriptive Text and what are some examples?
-A Descriptive Text is used to characterize something by telling how it is, often abundant in adjectives, details, and sensory images. Examples include landscapes, portraits, self-portraits, caricatures, and etopeyas.
How does a Narrative Text differ from other text types?
-A Narrative Text recounts events involving characters that occur in specific places and times, requiring many action verbs. Examples include short stories, novels, chronicles, fables, and biographies.
What is the purpose of an Expository or Explanatory Text?
-The purpose of an Expository or Explanatory Text is to inform or explain a topic objectively for comprehension by a specific audience, conveying seriousness and objectivity.
What is an Argumentative Text and what are some examples?
-An Argumentative Text aims to convince, persuade, or express an opinion by defending or refuting an idea, presenting reasons and arguments. Examples include theses, legal arguments, opinion articles, propaganda, and political speeches.
Why is it important for a text to be clear and understandable to its intended audience?
-A text must be clear and understandable to ensure successful communication. If the audience does not understand or becomes bored, the communication will fail.
What should a speaker consider before transmitting a message to ensure effective communication?
-A speaker should consider the audience's understanding and adapt the information and its transmission method accordingly to ensure the message is clear, appropriate to the context, and respects language norms.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Texts: Definition and Qualities

This paragraph introduces the concept of a 'text' as derived from the Latin 'textus', meaning woven or interwoven, and defines it as a set of statements forming a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion. Coherence is the logical organization of information according to the topic, giving unity and sense to the discourse. Cohesion is the connection between linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding word repetition, using devices like reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors. The paragraph also places text production within the communication circuit, where a speaker aims to communicate a message to a specific audience. Texts are classified into four main groups based on the speaker's intent: descriptive, narrative, expository, and argumentative texts, each with its own characteristics and examples.

05:05

🗣️ The Importance of Audience in Text Communication

The second paragraph emphasizes the importance of the audience in successful text communication. It highlights that a well-constructed text may fail if the audience does not understand or becomes bored. The speaker must consider the audience's knowledge and adapt the information and its delivery accordingly. The paragraph stresses the need for clarity and understandability, appropriateness to the context, and adherence to language norms. It concludes by reminding readers to consider these factors when reading and writing to improve comprehension and communication quality.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Text

A 'text' is defined in the video script as a set of statements that form a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion. It is central to the video's theme as it is the subject being discussed and analyzed. The script mentions that a text can be either oral or written, emphasizing its role in communication.

💡Coherence

Coherence refers to the logical organization and selection of information according to the topic, which relates the different parts of the discourse to give unity and meaning. It is a key concept in the video as it explains how a text should be structured to be understood effectively, using the script's discussion on the logical flow of information within a text as an example.

💡Cohesion

Cohesion is the connection between different linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding repetition of words. It is essential for the script's theme of text construction, as it discusses how elements within a text are linked to create a unified message, mentioning resources like reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors.

💡Descriptive Text

A 'Descriptive Text' is a type of text that characterizes something by telling how it is, using adjectives, details, and sensory images. It is subjective when it selects features from a personal point of view and objective when it sticks to reality. The video script uses this term to categorize one of the four main text types and provides examples such as landscape and portrait.

💡Narrative Text

A 'Narrative Text' is defined as a text that recounts events involving characters and happening in a specific place and time. It requires action verbs and is exemplified in the script by forms like short stories, novels, chronicles, fables, and biographies. The script emphasizes its importance in storytelling and its presence in various forms of literature and journalism.

💡Expository Text

An 'Expository Text' or 'Explanatory Text' is a text that aims to inform or explain a topic objectively so it can be understood by a certain audience. The script mentions that it conveys seriousness and objectivity, and examples include encyclopedias, manuals, instructive materials, popular science articles, press releases, and reports.

💡Argumentative Text

An 'Argumentative Text' is a text that defends or refutes an idea, presenting reasons to demonstrate or justify a point of view, using evidence or arguments. The video script discusses this as the final category of text types, with examples such as theses, legal arguments, opinion articles, propaganda, and political speeches.

💡Communication

Communication is the process of transferring information or messages from a sender to a receiver, which is integral to the video's theme. The script describes the production of a text as part of this communication circuit, highlighting the importance of the sender's intention and the receiver's understanding.

💡Adaptation

Adaptation in the context of the video script refers to the speaker's need to adjust the information and its transmission method to suit the audience. It is crucial for successful communication, as the script points out that even a well-constructed text can fail if the audience does not understand or becomes bored.

💡Linguistic Elements

Linguistic elements are the building blocks of a text, such as words, phrases, and sentences, which contribute to its cohesion. The script discusses how these elements are connected to form a meaningful chain and how their strategic use can enhance the text's overall impact.

💡Textual Typologies

Textual typologies or types of texts are the four main categories into which all texts can be classified based on the speaker's intention. The video script introduces these as Descriptive, Narrative, Expository, and Argumentative texts, providing a framework for understanding and analyzing different forms of written and oral communication.

Highlights

A text is defined as a set of statements forming a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion.

Coherence is the logical organization and selection of information according to the topic, giving unity and meaning to discourse.

Cohesion is the connection between linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding word repetition.

Cohesion relies on resources such as reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors.

Text production is part of the communication circuit, involving a sender and a target audience.

Texts can be classified into four main groups based on the speaker's objective: descriptive, narrative, expository, and argumentative.

Descriptive texts characterize objects, people, feelings, places, etc., using adjectives, details, and sensory images.

Descriptive texts can be subjective, focusing on personal viewpoints, or objective, limiting to reality.

Narrative texts recount events involving characters and occurring in specific places and times, requiring action verbs.

Examples of narrative texts include stories, novels, chronicles, fables, and biographies.

Expository texts aim to inform or explain a topic objectively, conveying seriousness and objectivity.

Examples of expository texts include encyclopedias, manuals, instructive texts, popular science articles, and reports.

Argumentative texts aim to convince, persuade, or express opinions, defending or refuting ideas with reasons.

Argumentative texts use evidence and arguments to support their viewpoints, such as theses, legal arguments, opinion articles, propaganda, and political speeches.

The audience plays a crucial role in text comprehension; the text must be clear, understandable, and appropriate for the target audience.

The sender must adapt the information and its transmission method to the recipient for successful communication.

Considering coherence, cohesion, clarity, and audience appropriateness improves understanding and communication quality.