7.1 Overview of Non-Experimental Research

Danielle Graham
18 Sept 201912:55

Summary

TLDRThe video explores non-experimental research, emphasizing its importance in psychology when manipulating independent variables is not feasible. It distinguishes between experimental and non-experimental methods, detailing types such as correlational and observational research. Key examples illustrate when non-experimental research is preferred, such as exploring broad experiences or when ethical constraints prevent manipulation. Additionally, the video discusses different non-experimental approaches like cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential studies, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The significance of qualitative data and its analytical methods are also mentioned, underscoring the variety of research designs available to psychologists.

Takeaways

  • 😀 Non-experimental research does not manipulate an independent variable but measures variables as they naturally occur.
  • 😀 The distinction between experimental and non-experimental research is crucial in psychology.
  • 😀 Non-experimental research is appropriate when ethical, practical, or feasibility issues prevent manipulation of the independent variable.
  • 😀 Correlational research focuses on statistical relationships between two variables without manipulation.
  • 😀 Observational research involves making behavioral observations in natural or controlled settings without manipulation.
  • 😀 Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at a single point in time to study changes.
  • 😀 Longitudinal studies track the same group over time to study changes and effects of aging.
  • 😀 Cross-sequential studies combine cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches to assess age-related changes across groups over time.
  • 😀 Qualitative research focuses on non-numerical data, requiring different analysis tools than quantitative research.
  • 😀 Internal validity refers to how well a study design supports causal conclusions, with experimental research typically having the highest internal validity.

Q & A

  • What is non-experimental research?

    -Non-experimental research is a type of research that lacks manipulation of an independent variable. Researchers measure variables as they occur naturally, either in laboratory or real-world settings.

  • Why is the distinction between experimental and non-experimental research important?

    -The distinction is crucial because experimental research can provide strong evidence for causal relationships, while non-experimental research typically cannot establish causation. This distinction helps researchers choose the appropriate methodology based on their research questions.

  • In what situations is non-experimental research preferred over experimental research?

    -Non-experimental research is preferred when the research question involves a single variable, when causal relationships cannot be manipulated for ethical or practical reasons, or when the research is broad and exploratory in nature.

  • What are the three goals of science mentioned in the script?

    -The three goals of science are to describe, predict, and explain phenomena. Non-experimental research is typically used for descriptive and predictive questions.

  • What are the two main types of non-experimental research?

    -The two main types of non-experimental research are correlational research and observational research.

  • Can you give an example of correlational research?

    -An example of correlational research is studying the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance by collecting data on students' self-esteem and their GPAs to see if they are statistically related.

  • What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?

    -Cross-sectional studies involve comparing different groups at a single point in time, while longitudinal studies follow the same group of people over a longer period to observe changes over time.

  • What is a cross-sequential study?

    -A cross-sequential study combines elements of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies by following different age groups over a shorter period to determine whether differences are due to true age effects or cohort effects.

  • What is the role of qualitative research in non-experimental studies?

    -Qualitative research focuses on non-numerical data and often involves thematic or conversation analysis. It provides insights into participants' experiences and perspectives, complementing quantitative findings.

  • How does internal validity differ across research designs?

    -Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study supports conclusions about causal relationships. Experimental research generally has higher internal validity due to manipulation and control of extraneous variables, whereas non-experimental research typically has lower internal validity.

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Transcripts

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Связанные теги
Non-ExperimentalResearch TypesPsychologyBehavioral StudiesCorrelational ResearchObservational ResearchLongitudinal StudiesData AnalysisResearch EthicsInternal Validity
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