The Philippines During Rizal's Time (Video Lesson Part 1)
Summary
TLDRThis video script discusses the Philippines in the 19th century under Spanish rule, focusing on social structure, political system, education, and economic development. It outlines the strategies of evangelization and colonization, the establishment of governance from national to barangay levels, and the significant influence of friars. The script also highlights the corruption within the government, the social stratification discriminating against natives, and the pushback against friars by Filipino reformers, including national heroes like Rizal.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The 19th century in the Philippines was characterized by Spanish colonial rule, which included evangelization and colonization strategies.
- 🌐 The Philippines was governed indirectly by Spain through Mexico, with the Governor General as the chief executive and head of state and church.
- 🏛️ The Spanish colonial government was divided into national, provincial, municipal, and barrio levels, each with specific powers and responsibilities.
- 🤝 The friars, or religious orders, played a significant role in the colonial government, often overshadowing the Governor General in influence.
- 🏢 The provincial government, headed by the Alcalde Mayor, was considered the most corrupt branch of the Spanish colonial government.
- 🏛️ The friars' control over the colonial government led to a situation where enemies of the church were also considered enemies of the state.
- 🌐 The representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes was eventually abolished, unlike Cuba and Puerto Rico which regained their representation rights.
- 🏡 The Spanish introduced a new social stratification system that discriminated against native Filipinos, with Peninsulares at the top and Indios at the bottom.
- 🏛️ The concept of 'Freilocracy', or the union of church and state, was prevalent during the Spanish colonial period, with friars controlling religious, educational, and political aspects of society.
- 🏢 The friars' excessive power led to corruption and abuse, with them being seen as enemies of liberal reforms and modern progress by Filipino reformers and national heroes.
Q & A
What were the two strategies used by Spain to establish control in the Philippines?
-The two strategies used by Spain were evangelization and colonization.
Who established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines and when?
-The first Spanish settlement in the Philippines was established in Cebu in 1565.
What was the indigenous form of government in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
-Before Spanish colonization, the indigenous form of government was the barangay, headed by a native leader called a datu.
How did the Spanish colonization affect the Filipino people's culture and practices?
-Spanish colonization forced Filipino people to adopt foreign ways or practices, including Spanish culture and traditions.
Who was the first Governor General of the Philippines and who was the last before the end of Spanish rule?
-The first Governor General of the Philippines was not mentioned in the script, but the last one was Jago de los Rios.
What was the role of Mexico in the governance of the Philippines during the 19th century?
-During the 19th century, the Philippines was indirectly ruled by Mexico as a representative of the Spanish king.
What were the four levels of government in the Spanish colonial Philippines?
-The four levels of government were the national government, provincial government, municipal government, and the barrio or barangay government.
What were the responsibilities of the Governor General in the Spanish colonial Philippines?
-The Governor General was the chief executive of the archipelago, head of state and church, commander-in-chief of the military, had the power to pardon prisoners, and decide on different issues in the country.
How did the friars influence the colonial government in the Philippines?
-The friars could easily influence the Governor General and became the rulers of municipalities, controlling different aspects of society like education, trading, and the economy.
What was the social stratification imposed by the Spanish in the Philippines during the 19th century?
-The social stratification was divided into Peninsulares, Insulares, Criollos, and Indios, with Peninsulares at the highest level and Indios at the bottom.
What was the significance of the secularization of the Filipino priests in the 19th century?
-The secularization, or the separation of church and state, led to the friars controlling religious and educational life, acquiring political power, influence, and wealth, and even influencing the Governor General.
Outlines
🏛️ Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
This paragraph discusses the historical context of the Philippines in the 19th century, following the 18th century. It covers the social structure, political system, educational system, and economic development during the Spanish colonization. The Spanish rule was established through evangelization and colonization strategies. The first Spanish settlement was in Cebu in 1565, and the last governor general was Jago de los Rios. Before colonization, Filipinos had their own culture and government system, the barangay. However, the Spanish forced the adoption of foreign practices, making the Philippines a colony of Spain. The country was indirectly governed through Mexico, representing the Spanish king. The political condition of the Philippines during the 19th century was managed by a complex system of government, including national, provincial, municipal, and barangay levels, each with specific responsibilities and powers.
👥 The Structure of Spanish Colonial Government
This section delves into the structure of the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines. The national government was led by the Governor General, who had extensive powers as the chief executive and head of state and church. The Governor General was responsible for military command, pardoning prisoners, and deciding on various national issues. There was a system of checks and balances, with the Visitor and the Residente monitoring the administration of the Governor General. The provincial government was headed by the Alcalde Mayor, with powers limited to the province. The municipal government was under the Gobernadorcillo, with powers confined to the town or pueblo. The barrio government was led by the Cabeza de Barangay. The friars, or religious orders, had significant influence over the colonial government, affecting society in various aspects such as education, trading, and the economy.
🏛️ Abuses and Corruption in Spanish Governance
This paragraph addresses the abuses and corruption within the Spanish government officials during the 19th century. The Governor General had excessive powers and privileges, which led to weak and undisciplined governance. He often gave rewards and gifts to relatives and friends, and penalized those who opposed him. Corruption was rampant, with the provincial government, led by the Alcalde Mayor, being the most corrupt branch. The paragraph also lists notable corrupt and cruel government officials, such as General Rafael de Isquierdo, General Fernando Primo de Rivera, and General Valeriano Weyler.
🌐 Philippine Representation and Social Stratification
The paragraph discusses the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortés and the social cultural condition of the Philippines during the 19th century. The first period of representation (1810-1813) was beneficial, but subsequent periods were less fruitful, and in 1837, the representation was abolished. The social stratification imposed by the Spaniards discriminated against the natives, with Peninsulares at the top, followed by Insulares, Criollos, and Indios at the bottom. This stratification affected privileges and laws, with only the highest class enjoying certain privileges. The Spaniards established their own communities, segregating themselves from other classes.
📜 Friarocracy and the Secularization of Filipino Priests
This section covers the concept of 'Friarocracy' or the union of church and state in the Philippines during the 19th century. The friars, including Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans, controlled religious, educational, and political life, acquiring significant power and influence. They were able to control local elections, supervise schools and taxes, oversee public works, and maintain peace and order. Friars could also imprison or exile patriotic Filipinos, labeling them as enemies of the church or state. Filipino reformers and national heroes, such as Rizal, considered the friars as obstacles to liberal reforms and modern progress in the Philippines.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Evangelization
💡Colonization
💡Barangay
💡Governor General
💡Alcalde Mayor
💡Gobernadorcillio
💡Cabezade Barangay
💡Friars
💡Secularization
💡Principalia
💡Indios
Highlights
The Philippines in the 19th century was shaped by Spanish rule and colonization strategies.
Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own indigenous culture and governance through the barangay system.
Spanish colonization led to the imposition of foreign cultural practices on Filipinos.
The Philippines was indirectly governed by Spain through Mexico, represented by a governor general.
The Spanish colonial government was divided into national, provincial, municipal, and barrio levels.
The governor general held extensive powers as the chief executive and head of state and church.
The visitor and the resident were roles that provided checks and balances on the governor general's power.
The provincial government was headed by the alcalde mayor, with powers limited to the province.
The municipal government was overseen by the gobernadorcillio, with powers confined to the town.
The barrio government was led by the cabeza de barangay, with localized responsibilities.
Friars had significant influence over the colonial government, affecting society's various aspects.
Spanish priests held dominance over Filipino priests, with control over parishes.
The church's enemies were also considered the government's enemies, as seen in the case of Gómez and Rizal.
Abuses of power by Spanish government officials were common, with corruption and weak discipline.
The provincial government, led by the alcalde mayor, was particularly corrupt.
Notable corrupt and cruel government officials of the 19th century included General Rafael de Isquierdo and General Camilo.
The Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes had periods of success and decline.
Social stratification in the 19th century discriminated against native Filipinos.
Friars controlled religious, educational, and political life, with significant power over local governance.
Friars were seen as enemies of liberal reforms and modern progress by Filipino reformers and national heroes.
Transcripts
[Music]
the second chapter for prelim which is
the philippines in the 19th century as a
results context
[Music]
18th century that's between 1700 to 1799
as the 19th century
our topics for this discussion covers
the social structure
the political system the educational
system and the economic development in
the philippines
okay
spain and the philippines and results
time a spanish rule was imposed in the
philippines by conquest society
uh they use
two strategies so the first strategy was
evangelization
strategy
the second strategy was colonization
evangelization
he established the first spanish
settlement in 1565 in cebu
governor general pilipinas and the last
governor general is jago de los rios
before the conquest the filipinos had
their own indigenous culture and their
own government the barangay headed by a
native shifting called that too so
bhavat barangay are independent from
each other and
my
[Applause]
uh arts
but when the spaniards colonize our
country they force the filipino people
to adopt foreign ways or practices well
i'm sure simon filipinos during that
time but to accept
the culture and tradition practices of
the spaniards okay
so the philippines became a colony of
spain and she belonged to the king of
spain
1821
of mexico as the representative of the
spanish king okay so indirectly
of mexico
[Applause]
mexico spain
okay now
let's proceed to the political condition
of the philippines during the 19th
century
the spanish colonial government in the
philippines run indirectly through the
visceral of the spain in mexico so as i
mentioned earlier
the philippines uh
was ruled by
the visitor of mexico indirectly as a
representative of the spanish king okay
since the spanish monarchy was able to
colonize the big part of the world
um
spanish government now officer
so our system of government was divided
into four we have the national
government the provincial government the
municipal government and the
barrio or the
barangay government okay
okay so let's begin with the national
government
uh the national government is headed by
the governor general and see governor
general
uh
in appointia miss mona spanish to be the
representative
in the governmental matters so what are
the responsibilities of the governor
general first he is the chief executive
in the whole archipelago
and second
he is the head of state and church so he
exercised extend extensive powers as the
head of the state and the church
he is the commander-in-chief of the
military
and
he also had the power to give pardon for
the prisoners
and to decide in different issues
in the country
and he also had the power of complacency
exclusive power in a governor
governor general is the president of the
philippines
[Music]
so both of them will check and monitor
the administration of the current
governor general however there is a
difference between the two so when we
say visitadore it literally means
divisive okay the visitor will just
visit a specific country to check the
administration of the governor general
while in residential okay they are
obliged to live in a certain country
with the governor general to observe him
so
uh
we can
now conclude that there is
there is still check and balance
on the powers of
different government officials okay
so now let's proceed
to the provincial government okay
so the provincial government is headed
by alcalde mayor or in our present time
etoyan provincial governor okay the
alcalde mayor is the head in the
provincial level
he had the power and responsibilities
like the governor general but its power
was limited in the province okay so
now
governor general
[Music]
okay
okay
now let's proceed uh to the municipal
government so the municipal government
is headed by the gobernadorcillio okay
so
his power and responsibilities was the
same as the governor general however his
power was limited only in the town or
pueblo okay
so
um
power
exclusively for the gobernador syria to
engage in trading so
okay
so
this and responsibilities longer bring
adore silio next let's proceed to the
barrio government the barrier government
is headed by the cabezade barangay he is
the head of the barangay okay and
uncle bernadour
young
property of
armeronsham 500 pesos okay
okay now let's proceed to the supremacy
of the friars over the colonial
government the different religious
orders had the great contribution in the
establishment of a spanish colonial
government in the country
the spanish colonial government
okay
[Music]
so the friars
they could easily influence the governor
general in effect
they become the rulers of municipalities
and they were able to control the
different aspects of the society like
education okay the trading the economy
okay
[Music]
the regular priests or spanish priests
were able to dominate the control in
different parishes and had the power to
get the parishes from the secular or the
filipino priests okay from this point of
view we can already conclude that the
superiority of the spanish priest over
the filipino priest pakistan regular
priests
spanish priest
secular prisoner
uh
and because of the supremacy of the
friars over the colonial government
the enemy of the church will be
considered as the enemy of the
government as well okay
[Music]
non-government okay and we can prove
this by looking back on the case of
gomberza and rizal okay
okay now let's proceed to the abuses of
the spanish government officials the
excessive powers and privileges of the
governor general made him weak and
undisciplined
okay now because of the excessive powers
and privileges given to the governor
general
opportunity
uh
he give rewards and gifts to his
relatives and closest friends and the
worst thing about this is that he
penalized or pinapparusa
and from that the governor general
oftentimes lacked the moral strength to
resist corruption so even the corruption
okay
and during this period
and governor general and
even other government officials
corruptly okay
[Music]
next the provincial government where the
alcalde mayor was the administration an
administrator judge military commander
was the most corrupt branch of the
government okay so
but
government official during this period
the answer is alcalde
but when they uh when
they ask
uh what's the most corrupt uh branch the
government uh it's the provincial
government okay
why why the alcalde mayor is the most uh
corrupt
government official during this period
okay because the
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
okay
now let's proceed to corrupt spanish
officials
uh if we're going to compare the
administration and performance of the
government of govern government
officials during 16th century 17th
century 18th century and 19th century
uh the 19th century
as was uh the worst okay
where is uh
essentially because
the officials uh colonial officials
during that time were highly corrupt
incompetent and cruel
okay
so here
are the notable corrupt and
cruel government officials okay let's
begin with general rafael de isquierdo
okay from 1871 to 1873
okay
uh he's a good fighter oh good fighter
unfortunately he is incompetent for his
position and he had a weak
administration
okay
and next see general fernando primo de
rivera
next general valeriano whaler
okay
okay
so a one-time billionaire c whaler uh
the filipinos scoringfully called him
tyrant why that's because
of his a brutal persecution of the
colomba and so young
particularly the family of
uh doctor sarizal and the cuban screws
him as the butcher
okay
why it's because of his ruthless
reconciliation policy during his
governorship in cuba causing the death
of thousands of cubans okay
and the last one is general camilo
okay
so
let's see
now let's proceed
to the philippine representation in the
spanish cuartus the first period of the
philippine representation in the spanish
cortez
from 1810-1813 was fruitful with
beneficent results for the welfare of
the colony however the second period of
representation from 1820 to 1823 and the
3rd period 1834 to 1837 were less
fruitful in parliamentary work
okay so unfortunately in on 1837
uh the representation of the colonies
in the spanish quarters was abolished
so kabilang pilipinas
representatives spanish cultures okay
filipinas
during this time because
representative na supposedly began
and the sad thing about this is that
cuba and puerto rico regain their right
to have a representative to spanish
quarters but not the same with the
philippines so on cuba puerto rico
okay
now let's proceed to the social cultural
condition
of the philippines during the 19th
century
okay the spaniards imposed a new social
stratification which discriminate the
natives in their own land so during the
19th century nakaranan division of class
or social stratification
discrimination okay so at the highest
level or the top level peninsulares
followed by insulares third class
crayolas and the ba at the bottom level
uh on indios okay so on peninsula
uh class no 19th century selena spanish
epinephrine
[Music]
okay
and then the third class of course the
crayolas silly mixed blood combinations
in spanish at filipino so anito na
andrena di illustrado or the well
educated filipino and then the
principalia are the landowners and the
last one
uh the intros the last class
discriminates a society okay
when it comes to
privileges
in laws in the society
only the people belong to the highest
class can enjoy this privilege
[Music]
they establish their own community in
intramurals and
they will enclose it in a wall to
segregate their populations from other
class okay so
makassar and peninsulares at insularesa
okay
okay now let's proceed to the
freylocracy or secularization of the
filipino priests
uh freilocracy or frey look russia the
spanish political philosophy of union of
church and stay
before me
a
union of church and the state however
during
this time or in our present time uh
there is a separation of church and the
state okay
the friars augustinians dominicans and
franciscans control the religious and
educational life of the philippines and
later in the 19th century they came to
acquire tremendous political power
influences
and riches
okay so
the colonial authorities from the
governor general down to the alcalde
mayor were under the control of the
friars so as we mentioned earlier that
that even the the friars or mangapari
they can even control or influence the
governor general
uh
friars during uh
the 19th century okay so almost every
town in the archipelago except in lance
was ruled by the friar so controller
and my control
pilipinas okay
so aside from
priestly duties the friar was the
supervisor of the local elections okay
that's number one the inspector of
schools and taxes number two
then uh
the superintendent of public works okay
and last one the guardian of peace and
order
okay
[Music]
so
aside from that friar could also send a
patriotic filipino to jail or denounce
him as a filibuster so when we say
filibustero it's a traitor okay tridor
uh yeah he could set a patriotic
filipino to jail or denounce him as
philip stara to be exiled
to a distant place
or to be executed as an enemy of god
okay so serizal
del pilar
tapusi haina and other filipino
reformers
denounce the friars as the enemies of
liberal reforms and modern progress in
the philippines okay
so even our national heroes
consider the friars as their enemy okay
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