The (11) Social Evils | Philippines Of Rizal’s Time | Part 1 | Sir Job TV | 109

Summary

This video script delves into the '11 Social Evils' of the Philippines during the Spanish colonization in the 19th century. It discusses the political instability, corruption among colonial officials, lack of Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortez, denial of human rights, inequality before the law, and the flawed administration of justice. The script paints a vivid picture of the struggles faced by Filipinos under Spanish rule, highlighting the significant events and figures that contributed to the social unrest and eventual revolution.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The video discusses the 11 social evils in the Philippines during the 19th century Spanish colonization.
• 👥 The script mentions the lack of stability in colonial administration due to frequent changes in governance, with 50 governors-general ruling in a 62-year period.
• 💰 Corruption was rampant among colonial officials, who were often described as incompetent, cruel, or prone to bribery.
• 🗳️ There was no Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortez, which ended in 1837, leaving Filipinos without a voice in governance.
• 🙅‍♂️ Filipinos were denied basic human rights that were enjoyed by the Spanish people, reflecting a clear inconsistency in the application of rights.
• 👤 The principle of equality before the law was not upheld; Filipinos were treated as second-class citizens compared to the Spanish.
• 👩‍⚖️ The administration of justice was flawed, with courts known for corruption and partiality towards the Spanish.
• 🤝 The concept of brotherhood among all men, as taught by Christianity, was not practiced by the Spanish colonial authorities.
• 📜 The video references the negative impacts of the Spanish colonial rule on the political, economic, and social development of the Philippines.
• 📚 The script highlights the importance of understanding historical context, particularly the period of the Propaganda Movement and the Philippine Revolution of 1896.
• 🌐 The video is part of a series on social sciences, aiming to educate viewers on significant historical events and their implications.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is the discussion of the 11 social evils in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period in the 19th century.

What were the 11 social evils mentioned in the script?

The 11 social evils mentioned are: 1) Instability of colonial administration, 2) Corrupt colonial officials, 3) No Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortez, 4) Human rights denied to Filipinos, 5) No equality before the law, 6) Maladministration of justice, 7) Racial discrimination, 8) Fructocracy, 9) Forced labor, 10) Ashendus owned by the friars, and 11) The guardian.

How did the political instability in Spain affect the Philippines during the 19th century?

The political instability in Spain led to frequent changes in the colonial administration of the Philippines, with 50 governors general serving from 1835 to 1897, which hampered political and economic development.

Why were the colonial officials in the 19th century considered corrupt and incompetent compared to their predecessors?

The colonial officials in the 19th century were considered corrupt and incompetent because they were often prone to bribery, lacked the dedication and ability of their predecessors, and were sometimes sent to the Philippines due to their failure in other colonies or as a form of exile.

What was the significance of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortez from 1810 to 1813?

The Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortez from 1810 to 1813 marked the first period of representation for the Philippines in Spain's legislative body, with Ventura de los Reyes being the first delegate.

How did the lack of human rights for Filipinos under Spanish rule manifest during the 19th century?

The lack of human rights for Filipinos under Spanish rule manifested in the denial of freedoms of speech, press, and association, which were enjoyed by the Spanish people but not extended to the Filipinos.

What was the concept of 'fructocracy' mentioned in the script?

The concept of 'fructocracy' refers to the rule by the fruit of the land, indicating a system where the ruling class benefits from the wealth produced by the land, often at the expense of the native population.

Why was the administration of justice in the Philippines during the 19th century considered 'maladministration'?

The administration of justice was considered 'maladministration' because the courts were corrupt, often influenced by bribes, and the legal process was costly, slow, and inaccessible to the poor Filipinos.

How did racial discrimination affect the Filipinos during the Spanish colonial period?

Racial discrimination affected Filipinos by denying them equality before the law, leading to heavier penalties for non-white individuals and a general perception that non-whites were considered latent criminals.

What was the impact of the forced labor and ashendus owned by the friars on the Filipino people?

Forced labor and ashendus owned by the friars led to exploitation and oppression of the Filipino people, as they were made to work without fair compensation and were subjected to the control and economic interests of the religious orders.

What was the role of the 'guardian' in the context of the 11 social evils discussed in the script?

The 'guardian' refers to the guardian system, which was another form of control and exploitation where friars or other religious authorities acted as guardians over indigenous communities, often leading to abuses of power and rights.

Outlines

00:00

🎥 Welcome and Introduction

The paragraph introduces the video, welcoming viewers and encouraging them to subscribe to the channel. It sets the context by briefly mentioning the focus on social sciences and historical discussions, specifically touching upon the 19th-century social evils in the Philippines under Spanish rule. The speaker also references previous videos and the channel's aim of exploring meaningful topics.

05:03

📜 Instability of Colonial Administration

This section discusses the political instability in the Philippines during Spanish colonization, marked by frequent changes in leadership. From 1835 to 1897, the Philippines had 50 governors-general, each serving an average of one year and three months. This constant turnover hindered political and economic development, as new leaders could not implement lasting changes. The example of having four governors-general within a year highlights the chaos of the period.

10:06

💼 Corrupt Colonial Officials

This paragraph delves into the widespread corruption among colonial officials in the Philippines during the 19th century. Unlike their more dedicated predecessors, the officials of this era were often corrupt, incompetent, and prone to bribery. Several governors-general are mentioned, including Rafael de Izquierdo, José Malcampo, Fernando Primo de Rivera, Valeriano Weyler, and Camilo de Polavieja, whose tenures were marred by significant events like the execution of Gomburza and the death of José Rizal.

15:07

🏛️ No Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes

This section explains how the Philippines lost its representation in the Spanish Cortes after 1837, worsening the condition of the Filipino people. The paragraph highlights Ventura de los Reyes, the first Philippine delegate who participated in framing Spain's first democratic constitution in 1812. However, the loss of representation left Filipinos with no platform to address colonial injustices, leading to the rise of the propaganda movement and eventually the Philippine Revolution of 1896.

20:08

🚫 Human Rights Denied to Filipinos

The paragraph discusses the denial of human rights to Filipinos despite Spain's adoption of democratic constitutions that granted such rights to Spaniards. Filipinos were deprived of freedoms like speech, press, and association, which were enjoyed in Spain. The inconsistency was criticized by contemporary Spanish thinkers, but the colonial government continued to withhold these rights from the Filipinos, fueling resentment and contributing to the revolutionary sentiments of the period.

25:13

⚖️ No Equality Before the Law

This paragraph explores the racial inequality entrenched in the Spanish colonial legal system. Although Christian doctrine preached equality before God, in practice, Filipinos were treated as inferior to white Spaniards. The colonial legal system was biased, with justice favoring Spaniards over Filipinos, leading to widespread abuses and a lack of recourse for the oppressed population. The paragraph references Ferdinand Blumentritt’s letter to José Rizal, which condemns the discriminatory penal code that treated non-white individuals as latent criminals.

⚠️ Maladministration of Justice

The final paragraph discusses the corruption and inefficiency in the Philippine judicial system under Spanish rule. Courts were notoriously slow and expensive, making justice inaccessible to most Filipinos. Wealth, social status, and skin color heavily influenced legal outcomes, with white Spaniards often winning cases regardless of the evidence. The paragraph highlights how this maladministration exacerbated the suffering of Filipinos, who were left with little hope of receiving fair treatment under the law.

Keywords

💡Social Evils

Social evils refer to the negative societal impacts or harmful practices that can arise from certain behaviors or systems. In the context of the video, it discusses the 11 social evils that plagued the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, which includes political instability, corruption, lack of representation, and racial discrimination, among others. The term is central to understanding the video's theme of the detrimental effects of Spanish colonization on Filipino society.

💡Colonial Administration

Colonial administration refers to the governance and management of a colony by its colonial power. The video script discusses the instability of the colonial administration in the Philippines during the 19th century, highlighting the frequent changes in the position of governor-general, which led to political instability and hindered the country's development. This concept is crucial for understanding the governance issues faced by the Philippines under Spanish rule.

💡Cortes

The Cortes is the legislative body of Spain, and the term is used in the script to denote the lack of Filipino representation in this body. The video mentions that Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes was limited and eventually ceased in 1837, which meant that Filipinos had no voice in the decisions affecting their country. This lack of representation is one of the social evils discussed in the video, illustrating the political disenfranchisement of the Filipino people.

💡Human Rights

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled. The script points out that while the Spanish enjoyed these rights at home, they denied Filipinos the same liberties in the Philippines. This includes freedoms of speech, press, and association. The denial of human rights to Filipinos is a significant aspect of the video's discussion on the social evils of Spanish colonial rule.

💡Equality Before the Law

Equality before the law is the principle that all individuals should be treated equally by the law, regardless of their status or identity. The video script describes how this principle was not upheld in the Philippines under Spanish rule, with Filipinos facing discrimination and harsher penalties compared to their Spanish counterparts. This concept is a key part of the video's exploration of the injustices faced by Filipinos during colonization.

💡Mal Administration of Justice

Mal administration of justice refers to the poor management and corruption within a judicial system. The video script describes the courts of justice in the Philippines during the 19th century as being notoriously corrupt, with officials prone to bribery and often ignorant of the law. This concept is used to illustrate the unfairness and inefficiency of the legal system under Spanish colonial rule.

💡Racial Discrimination

Racial discrimination is the unjust treatment of individuals based on their race or ethnicity. The video script discusses how Filipinos experienced racial discrimination under Spanish rule, with the Spanish considering themselves superior and treating Filipinos as inferior. This concept is integral to understanding the social injustices and inequalities that were prevalent during the colonial period.

💡Propaganda Movement

The Propaganda Movement refers to a late 19th-century effort by Filipino intellectuals to reform Spanish colonial policies through peaceful means. The video script mentions this movement as a response to the social evils and injustices faced by Filipinos, which eventually paved the way for the Philippine Revolution of 1896. This term is key to understanding the growing Filipino consciousness and the push for independence.

💡Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group, often leading to discrimination against others. The video script uses this term to describe the attitudes of Spanish colonial officials towards Filipinos, considering themselves as higher due to their physical features and race. This concept is important for understanding the cultural and racial biases that influenced Spanish colonial policies and behaviors.

💡National Hero

A national hero is a person who is recognized for their exceptional contributions to the history of their country. The video script refers to the execution of the Philippine national hero, presumably José Rizal, as a significant event during the Spanish colonial period. This term is used to highlight the sacrifices made by Filipino patriots in their struggle for freedom and the impact of their actions on the nation's history.

💡Governor-General

A governor-general is the representative of a monarch or a central government in a colony. The video script discusses the frequent changes in the position of governor-general in the Philippines from 1835 to 1897, which led to political instability and hindered the country's development. This term is essential for understanding the administrative structure of Spanish colonial rule and its impact on the governance of the Philippines.

Highlights

Introduction to the channel and the topic of discussing the 11 social evils in the Philippines during the Spanish colonization.

Emphasis on the political instability in Spain affecting the governance of the Philippines, with frequent changes in colonial administration.

Mention of the 50 governors-general ruling the Philippines from 1835 to 1897, highlighting the adverse effects on political and economic development.

Discussion on the corruption and incompetence of colonial officials in the 19th century compared to their predecessors.

Examples of corrupt and infamous governor-generals like Rafael de Isidro de Cifuentes and Camilo de Polavieja.

The lack of Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortez and the short-lived period of representation from 1810 to 1813.

The denial of human rights to Filipinos, contrasting with the liberties enjoyed by the Spanish people.

The inequality before the law, where Filipinos were treated as second-class citizens compared to the white Spaniards.

The maladministration of justice, with courts known for corruption and partiality towards the Spanish colonizers.

The economic burden of litigation on Filipinos, making access to justice difficult due to high costs.

The racial discrimination faced by Filipinos, with wealth, social prestige, and skin color influencing legal outcomes.

The impact of the Spanish colonial power on the Filipino psyche, instilling a sense of inferiority and ethnocentrism.

The role of the friars in the forced labor and ownership of ashendus, contributing to the exploitation of Filipinos.

The significance of the Propaganda Movement led by Filipino patriots like Jose Rizal, which influenced the Philippine Revolution of 1896.

The overall negative impact of the Spanish colonization on the social, political, and economic fabric of the Philippines.

Conclusion summarizing the discussed social evils and their lasting effects on the Filipino society.

Transcripts

[Music]

hello green shoppers

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her job and welcome to

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videos

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specifically in the 19th century

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11 social evils philippines of brazil's

time

welcome to my video number 109

[Music]

good morning golden shoppers welcome

once again to my channel today

is april 12 2021 and today is monday

meaningful discussion in the world of

social sciences

youtube channel so it is said that

during the time of rizal

the sinestro shadows of spain's

decadence

darkened philippine skies so meaning to

say an

evil shadows okay

if you are going to describe declining

morality no

in the philippines as far as the

implementation of the spaniards is

concerned in the country

the filipino people agonized beneath the

yoke

of spanish misrule no human

implementations

in country before yen and but nothing to

do as we discussed the 11 social evils

for they were unfortunate victims

of the evils of unjust bygoted

pakistani convicted and resonable and

deter urading

colonial power highlight nothing

deteriorating colonial power because

ladies and gentlemen

talking about 19th century

journey spaniards in the country

kasingha they started 16th century

1718 hanging

colonization here in the philippines

during those times

so we need to say somewhat sorry

implementations no

manganese rules here in our country

philippines

so among these are as follows okay um

11 social evils

so number one we have instability of

colonial administration

second corrupt colonial officials third

no philippine representation in the

spanish cortez

four human rights denied to filipinos

five no equality before the law

six mal administration of justice

seven racial discrimination eighth

freucracy nine forced

labor ten ashendus owned by the friars

and number 11

the guardian

is number one to number six longpo and a

part of the 11th social evil so

instability of colonial administration

the political instability in spain

adversely affected

philippine affairs bakit naba because

it brought about frequent periodic ships

meaning to say talking about the terms

of um the governor

generals for example or the officials in

the country

specific

for instance from 1835 to 1897

the philippines was ruled by 50

governors general okay clarupus

reneg 50 governors general each

serving an average term for only one

year

and three months so if we are going to

compute 1835

to 1897 young peer union coverage yen is

62 years to be exact okay

so 62 years nayana

50 governors general so imagine you po

so ebik sabihin at one time from

december of 1853

to november of 1854 a period of less

than

a year there were four governors

general nadu matinditos pilipinas

situation before okay in 62 years

50 governors general and the one's

instance

in the philippines also in less than a

year

the frequent change of colonial

officials hampered the political

and economic development of the

philippines of course

governor general in the country

general from spain hardly had one

governor general begun his

administration

when he was soon replaced by his

successor

so naturally no chief executive

no matter how able and energetic he was

could accomplish much for the colony

motivated and governor general nayano

maga wong changes

in the colony because of the um

improper no guidelines

when it comes on sino angmagiging i'm

next the governor general at the end of

the day so a long

procedure so that is one of the problems

um specifically in the colonization of

the spaniards in the country

second is a corrupt colonial officials

okay

with few exceptions the colonial

officials which is the governor general

judges provincial executives and other

sent by spain to the philippines in the

19th century

where a far cry from their able and

dedicated predecessors

of 16th 17th and 18th centuries

officials

16th century 17th century 18th century

so the same

implementation is a 19th

description they were either highly

corrupt

okay incompetent cruel

or vinal because prone to bribery

leader nato like for example

they were either highly corrupt

incompetent cruel or vinal

prone to bribery okay

so famous

um as governor general superior the 19th

century

talking about so let's start with number

one

rafael di escherdo okay from 1871 to

1873 back each and again part because

meru significant event in a yard can you

still recall

the martiers of 1872 okay february 17 of

1872

when the gomborza was executed in the

country

okay the next one is admiral jose

malcampo from 1874 to 1877

description description

officials from spain third we have

general fernando premo de rivera

from 1880 to 1883

from 1897 to 1898

governor generals the philippines that

the fourth one

is general valeriano whaler

okay from 1888 to 1891

so the the last one is general

camilo di polavieja from 1896 to 1897

which is

paso significant event which is the

death of our national hero

december 30 of 1896

execution

governor general see

here in our country after the laws of

mexico

guatemala chile argentina and

other colonies in latin america numerous

job seekers

and panelists spanish psychopaths came

to the philippines where they became

judges provincial executives army

officers and

impliedos or also known as government

employees bhagat gonna mention a lot in

american countries because remember

sakhima discussions questions

guatemala chile argentina

philippines they immediately occupy

certain positions

oppositions because they were either

relatives

of prodigies of civil officials and

friars

here in our country during those times

backgrounds if we are going to describe

from guatemala chile argentina mexico

pilipinas if you are going to describe

them silipuyo mostly

ignorant and probably gate meaning to

say recklessly

extravagant okay they conducted

themselves

with arrogance and superciliousness okay

no no they show us arrogance as how they

um interact with the filipinos at the

time simply because

of their alien white skin and told noses

legend pray because physically speaking

ibasilas

filipinos that they are

above no they are practicing the concept

of ethnocentrism

at this point no meaning to say they are

considering themselves

as higher than the filipinos where in

fact

spain

or by marrying the eresus of

rich filipino families

so from a panelist situation

very poor filipinas

either by marrying the heiresses

of those prominent families in the

philippines or

um transactions because we are being

colonized by

the country spain so they could still

impose know

everything what they want to impose

spaniards during those times

so number three no philippine

representation

in spanish cortez so accordingly the

philippines

experienced her first period of

representation

in the cortes from 1810 to 1813 sonata

history demonstrates that the first

philippine delegate in the person of

ventura de los reyes okay

took active part in the framing of the

constitution

of 1812. so meaning to say you know

framed unconstitution

1812

okay particularly in the person of

ventura de los reyes

spain's first democratic constitution

and was one of its 184 signers

so again part posiventuran owns 184

signers

the first um constitution in 1812

spaniards sonaging part philippines

unfortunately

the representation of the overseas

colonies

including the philippines the basa

because

in the representation of the spanish

cortez

last 1837

philippines represents a spanish cortez

okay soon 1837 going back

since then philippine condition worsened

ok

because there was no means by which the

filipino people

could expose the anomalies perpetrated

by the colonial officials

meaning

suggestions recommendations and any

other problems that we observe from that

particular moment 19th century

two were talking what an opportunity

among filipinos

so no wonder jose rizal marcelo h del

pilar grashanda lopez

and other youthful patriots launched

the propaganda movement okay which paved

the way

for the philippine revolution of 1896

okay number four napogo sapa natin is

the human rights

denied the filipinos okay since the

adoption of the spanish constitution

of 1812 una mentioned kanina and other

constitutions in succeeding years

the people of spain enjoyed freedom of

speech

freedom of the press freedom of

association

and other human rights exempt freedom

of religion so under unica states

1987 constitution okay article three

bill of rights nothing

reflects spaniards or

as far as the implementation of the

spanish colonization in the country

so

um enjoyed freedom of speech freedom of

the press

and freedom of the association okay so

man upon human rights

strangely enough the spanish authorities

that cherish

this human rights or constitutional

liberties in spain

denied them to the filipinos in asia

so an online problem as a human rights

denied the filipinos

meaning to say you're gonna mention

rights

now my experience filipinos can

as far as the constitution of 1812 is

concerned

such inconsistency was lamented by

cyrebaldur dimas

spanish economist and diplomat who wrote

in 1843 sabinya why do we fall into an

anomaly

such as combining our claim for liberty

for ourselves and our wish to impose

our law on remote peoples why do we deny

to others the benefits which we desire

for our fatherland okay

implementation among the rights human

rights and dimensions

implementation spain an implementation

was denied in the philippines

number filipinos during the 19th century

so let's proceed now to number five

which is no equality before the law

okay the spanish missionaries who

introduced christianity into the

philippines

as early as in the 16th century thought

that all

men okay irrespective of color

and race are children of god and as such

they are brothers equal before god

highlight nothing important thought that

all men

irrespective of color and race okay so

hindi nothing teeny tiny and color

chicka rays are children of god so

are children of god according to the

teachings of

christianity espanol

and as such they are brothers equal

before god presentation number spaniards

when they came here

remember the three genus know because i

knew the god gold and glory

okay in practice

however the spanish colonial authorities

who were christians did not implement

christ's precept of the brotherhood of

all

men under the fatherhood

of god okay yunnan presentation nila

pero as to the practice hindi puna apply

but as to how it was implemented

iba

[Applause]

to their imperialist way of thinking

brown filipinos and white spaniards

in comparison with the two groups um who

are present at a time here in the

country

the brown filipinos and the white

spaniards

may be equal before god and concept

may be equal before god but not

before the law and certainly

not in practice so meaning to say

according to the claim of the spaniards

oh equal to you in the eyes of god

but not in the eyes of the law and how

it should be

on the doctrine of that particular

religion and introduce nisa amen

so you know justification and spaniards

in the eyes of god we are

equal but in the eyes of the law and and

the practice

in the country hindi potayo equals

justification among spaniards

consequently

the filipinos were abused brutalized

persecuted and slandered by their

spanish masters

it upon reality before they could not

appeal to the law

for justice because the law being

dispensed by the spaniards

was only for the white spaniards so will

um protect

there is no due process of law in any

circumstances

is only for the white spaniards and

no longer protection to be given to the

brown filipinos that's how they

considered so

on again situation so that is the reason

why

persecuted and slandered no the

existence of the filipinos during those

particular time

as professor ferdinand blumenthale wrote

to dr jose rizal in 1887

the provision of the penal code that a

heavier penalty will be imposed

on the india or mestizo irritates me

exceedingly sabini blue mandread because

it signifies that every person not born

white is in fact a latent criminal

so you know highlighted in statement

as far as the implementation of the

spaniards is concerned way back

19th century sabine is accounting

statement

because it signifies that every person

not born white

is in fact a latent criminal because of

your color

because of your race okay automatically

you will be considered

as criminal according to the

constitution that was framed

by the spaniards

situation 19th century in the country

this is a very great injustice

that seems enormous and unjust for

being embodied in law now you're not

prevailed during those times

but you're not applying here in our

country

so let's proceed now to number six which

is the mal administration of justice

okay the courts of justice in the

philippines during results time

were notoriously corrupt meaning to say

known as

courts of justice panagunpo in the 19th

century

verily there were courts of injustice

quote unquote you know

highlight as far as the brown filipinos

were concerned

the spanish judge's fiscals prosecuting

attorneys

and other court officials were in it

okay or no skill alarms

vinal so because prone to

bribery and oftentimes

ignorant of the law but the occupied

positions in the government why because

controlled pilipinas controlled

political

justice was costly here's the

philippines

partial

justice was costly partial and slow

nabaka expensive punya

posnapaka bagal pong proceedings poor

filipinos had no

access to the courts because they could

not

afford the heavy expenses of litigation

okay napa expensive processes or

violence is some case

wealth social prestige and color of skin

where preponderance or meaning to say

irrespective of the weight of the

evidence

irrespective of the weight of evidence

a rich man or a spaniard whose skin was

white okay easily achieved

victory in any litigation so

whose skin was white usually

[Applause]

to the filipino masses a litigation in

court

was a calamity the expenses incurred

even in a simple lawsuit often

exceeded the value of the property at

issue so meaning to say napa expensive

during those times so that in many

instances

the litigants okay unluck violent case

found themselves impoverished at the

end of the long tassel like for example

you are a native

elite or a um familiar

pilipinas okay pure filipino

and then conflict with a pure spaniard

okay because

in filing a case

progress okay because at the end of the

day

spaniards spaniards

in a certain case okay criminal cases

dragged on for many years

during which period either the

delinquents

took the flight okay or the documents

were lost

because immediately um that particular

spaniard could immediately travel going

back to the aboriginal peninsula talking

back

um we're talking now the state of spain

in europe

okay immediately might travel

to s

especially when you submitted already

your evidence says

so it could happen

instability of colonial administration

second one

is corrupt colonial officials the third

one is no philippine representation in

the spanish cortez

number four we have the human rights

denied the filipinos

number five we have no equality before

the law and number six we have mal

administration of justice

and continuation and discussion a to the

part of our discussion

say eleven social evils at bukas

happenings here in our country so that

will be all for this morning i hope you

learned something from this video and i

hope that you will share this video to

your friends and to anybody else that

you think

[Music]

will continue to discuss more meaningful

discussions especially in the world of

social sciences

thank you once again for watching bye

[Music]

you