Metal Lathe Basics Tutorial | How To Use A Metal Lathe
Summary
TLDRIn this instructional video, Amber and the team demonstrate basic machining operations on an old Logan 200 lathe from the 1940s. They cover essential topics like bit sharpening, adjusting lathe speeds and back gears, and the importance of angles for effective chip dispersal and heat management. The tutorial also touches on using a three-jaw chuck, automatic feed mechanisms, and the tailstock for support and drilling. Safety tips, like keeping long hair and sleeves away from moving parts, are emphasized to ensure a safe machining experience.
Takeaways
- 🛠️ The video features a tutorial on basic machining operations using an old Logan 200 lathe from the 1940s.
- ⚙️ The lathe has three different speeds controlled by pulleys and spindles, and a back gear system for slower speeds.
- 🔩 Bit sharpening is emphasized as an important aspect of lathe operation, with discussions on back rake, side rake, and nose radius.
- 🔨 The tutorial covers the importance of chip dispersal and heat management in the context of bit design and operation.
- 🛡️ Safety tips are provided, such as keeping long hair tied back and long sleeves away from the spinning lathe.
- 🔩 The video explains how to set up the bit in a three-jaw chuck, ensuring it's centered and secure for operation.
- 🔧 The use of automatic feed for consistent cutting and facing is demonstrated, along with how to engage and disengage the feature.
- 🔩 The role of the tailstock is discussed, including using a live center for support on long workpieces and for drilling operations.
- 💡 The importance of lubrication in reducing heat and preventing dulling of tools, especially when drilling or tapping, is highlighted.
- ❓ The video concludes with an invitation for viewers to ask questions or request further details on specific topics for future videos.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is basic machining operations, specifically focusing on bit sharpening for a small lathe.
What type of lathe is being demonstrated in the video?
-The video demonstrates an old Logan 200 lathe from the 1940s, which is a small lathe that might be found at tool sales or estate sales.
What are the three different speeds on the lathe?
-The lathe has three different speeds which are changed by adjusting the pulleys, spindles, and belt.
What is a back gear and how does it affect the lathe's speed?
-A back gear is a mechanism that, when engaged, comes into contact and slows down the lathe's speed, providing an additional slower speed option.
Why is bit sharpening important in machining?
-Bit sharpening is important because it affects the cutting performance, chip dispersal, heat management, and the longevity of the bit itself.
What is the significance of the back rake and side rake angles on a bit?
-The back rake angle affects high force cutting, while the side rake angle influences chip dispersal and heat management. Proper angles are crucial for efficient and safe machining.
Why is the nose radius important when grinding a bit?
-The nose radius helps prevent the bit from cracking, chipping, or wearing out too quickly by providing a smooth transition for the cutting edge.
What is the purpose of the clearance angle when grinding a bit?
-The clearance angle ensures that the bit does not chatter or bind when making cuts, allowing for smoother and more accurate machining.
How does the video instructor recommend sharpening bits, especially for high-speed steel?
-The instructor recommends sharpening bits by hand, noting that even if the grinding stone isn't perfectly squared off, it's not critical as long as the cutting edge is correctly angled.
What is the purpose of the automatic feed on a lathe?
-The automatic feed on a lathe is used to move the cutting tool into or away from the workpiece at a consistent rate, which is useful for tasks like threading or when a consistent cut is needed.
How can the tail stock be utilized in lathe operations?
-The tail stock can be used to support long workpieces, drill through the center of a workpiece, or for knurling operations, providing stability and precision.
Outlines
🔧 Introduction to Basic Machining and Bit Sharpening
The video begins with an introduction to basic machining operations, focusing on bit sharpening as a crucial aspect. The presenter uses an old Logan 200 lathe from the 1940s to demonstrate the process. They explain the lathe's speed settings, including the use of pulleys, spindles, belts, and back gears to adjust the speed. The presenter also discusses the importance of back gears for achieving slower speeds and shows how to adjust them. Bit sharpening is emphasized with a focus on back rake, side rake, and nose radius, which are essential for chip dispersal, heat management, and bit longevity. The presenter shares quick drawings to illustrate these concepts and mentions the importance of clearance angles for making accurate cuts without chattering.
🛠 Bit Sharpening Techniques and Lathe Setup
This section delves deeper into bit sharpening techniques, emphasizing the importance of the cutting edge's angle and how it affects the machining process. The presenter discusses the use of high-speed steel and the fact that it can withstand high temperatures without losing its temper, which is a common concern with other metals. The video then transitions to setting up the bit on the lathe using a three-jaw chuck and a chuck key. The presenter demonstrates how to center the bit and secure it in the tool holder. A demonstration of turning aluminum is provided to show the bit's performance in practice, highlighting the importance of proper bit setup for effective machining. The presenter also touches on the importance of not having too much 'nipple' during the cut, which indicates the bit is set too low.
🔩 Exploring Lathe Features and Automatic Feeds
The third paragraph covers additional features of the lathe, such as the automatic feed system, which allows for consistent cutting or facing operations. The presenter explains how to engage and disengage the automatic feed using a handle and how it can be used for threading and other operations. The video also briefly introduces the tail stock and its uses, such as supporting long workpieces with a live center or drilling through the center of a piece using a Jacobs chuck. The importance of safety measures, like keeping long hair and loose clothing away from the spinning lathe, is also highlighted. The presenter concludes by inviting viewers to ask questions or request more detailed videos on specific topics.
😃 Conclusion and Encouragement to Machine Safely
In the final paragraph, the presenter wraps up the tutorial with a reminder to enjoy the machining process and to prioritize safety. The video concludes on a positive note, encouraging viewers to reach out with any questions or for further guidance on using a small metal lathe.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Bit Sharpening
💡Logan 200 Lathe
💡Back Gears
💡Spindle Speed
💡Cutting Edge
💡Chip Dispersal
💡Clearance Angle
💡Three-Jaw Chuck
💡Automatic Feed
💡Tail Stock
Highlights
Introduction to basic machining operations with a focus on bit sharpening.
Overview of the old Logan 200 lathe, a common find at tool sales or estate sales.
Explanation of the lathe's speed settings and how to change between them using pulleys and belts.
Demonstration of how to use back gears for slower speeds on the lathe.
Importance of bit sharpening and its impact on machining operations.
Discussion on back rake, side rake, and nose radius in bit sharpening.
The significance of clearance angle when grinding bits for turning operations.
Practical tips on grinding bits by hand and the importance of cutting edge angles.
Advice on using high-speed steel bits and the effects of heat during grinding.
Tutorial on setting up the bit in a three-jaw chuck for machining.
Demonstration of turning and facing operations on the lathe.
Explanation of automatic feed mechanisms and their use in threading and cutting.
Introduction to the tail stock and its functions, including support for long workpieces.
Techniques for drilling and tapping using the tail stock and its accessories.
Safety precautions when operating the lathe, including hair and clothing considerations.
Conclusion and invitation for feedback or questions from viewers.
Transcripts
I have an either here with Amber and and
we've got a request for video on some
basic machining operations from
Collinwood and so we're making this
video to show you basically at operation
the first thing that we're going to get
into is bit sharpening because that's
gonna be important and we'll get more
into the basics but I'll start off just
by showing you the machine this is a old
Logan 200 and what this machine is is a
whole 1940's lathe it's a small lathe
something you might typically see that
somebody found it a tool sale or estate
sale so this is a good one for this
tutorial they could be the kind of
machine somebody might buy and then be
looking for how to how to use the type
of videos so what you have here is you
have your speeds so you've got your
pulleys your spindles and your belt and
you've got three different speeds here
that you can change between but then
you've also got what's known as your
back gears so just to give you an idea
of that and get our pulley put back over
here now if we pull the pin right here
that's gonna separate our head from our
pulley and we can and pull out and it
lifts up our back gears and so now our
back gears are coming in contact and so
that gives us a slower speed so I'll
show you how that works these are laid
spinning with our with our back years
we've got our slower speed we're
basically just adding a transmission
you got a little got a little trigger
down here that holds that in place you
just push that up you can slide that
back in that drops your back yours back
down out of the way the cam so then we
just want to put our pin back in and so
this is going to be our slowest speed
without our back gears if we move our
belt down to our other side that would
be our faster speeds so where we're at
right now is going to be about the speed
that we want for what we're going to be
doing in this tutorial
so as far as bit sharpening goes there's
a couple of different things that you
want to think about now I've made a
couple of drawings up real quick to give
you a better idea exactly what I'm
talking about so you have your back rake
which is going to be the angle at the
top of the bit so this is if you're
looking at the side of the bit so here
you'd have a positive a negative and a
zero would be none now this would be
more for high force cutting a negative
you pretty much want to stay away that
stay away from that with the smaller
lathe so this is just to give you an
idea here's your side rake that angles
gonna matter because that's going to
affect chip dispersal which is also
going to affect the heat as you go the
nose radius is something I typically do
on a bit it's going to help keep your
bit from cracking chipping or wearing
out faster another thing that you want
to think about when it comes to grinding
your bit is going to be a clearance
angle now if we're coming this would be
our bit here if we're coming at a piece
that we're turning this would be our
turning this would be our facing you
want to make sure that you've got
clearance if you're trying to make a
shoulder so that's another thing to
think about as you go you don't want to
have your bit at 90 degrees to make a 90
degree cut you want to make sure that
you have that clearance so that you're
not chattering so what the biblical
we've got we got a little bit of
rounding on the nose and you can see
we've got our chip dispersal angle there
and we've got our angle cut in the front
to meet up nicely with our piece so that
the only spot that we want to be making
contact with is with our cutting edge we
don't want any other part of the bit to
be rubbing on what we're trying to do
now another thing when you're grinding a
bit if you're using a high speed steel
you can use
holder's you can use you know all kinds
of things to basically get a lot you
know better angles and and what-have-you
but it's really not that necessary I
always just grind my bits by hand and I
mean you can see that here but even
where there's mistakes or rounded edges
if I didn't have the grinding stone
squared off nice or or you know nice and
clean on the edge then it's really not
that big of a problem the biggest thing
is where your bit is cutting that's the
part that you want to make sure you have
the right angles on the looks of the
rest of the piece aren't as critical the
other thing is is if you're using a high
speed steel if you start to see bluing
from getting too hot while you're
grinding you don't typically have to
worry about that with a high speed steel
because high speed steel it'll take over
a thousand degrees before you're
actually going to knock the temper out
of a high speed steel so even if you see
blue and while you're grinding that's
actually okay so that's something you
all have to worry about so the next
thing is gonna be getting your bit send
it up this is a three jaw Chuck this is
our Chuck key so a good way to do this
it's basically just to bring your jaws
all together once you've got your jaws
all brought together then you can take
and bring your bit over to find your
center point
then once we've got it about a good spot
in our Center then we can tighten down
our tool holder just double-check it
here let me tighten down a bit holder so
we should be good there we've cut out a
piece of aluminum just so that we can
show you what is that we're doing here I
actually run you through it instead of
just talking about us you can see how
the process goes and what you should be
looking for well spin it up and we're
pretty centered they're three jaw Chuck
self centering but they're still not
always gonna Center perfectly so you
might have to make a little bit of
adjustment to it to make sure that
you're actually spinning true depending
especially on what you're doing but this
is good for what we're doing here so
what we want to do is we just want to
come in and we're just gonna take off a
small amount here you can see that angle
that we have coming off the back is
allowing our curls to drop back off of
our bit as we go that way they're not
coming forward and getting caught up in
our Chuck our spinning opponents
and again that's gonna help get the heat
away as well because our heat is
basically moving away with our chips as
we go so that would be turning and this
would be our facing so we can do turning
and facing with the same bit depending
on again what it is exactly that we're
doing and the reason I'm not giving you
specific angles for how to cut a bit is
depending on what you're doing depending
on the type of material that you're
using there's going to be different ways
that you would want to cut your bit but
a bit cut like this it's typically going
to be good for softer materials and
Steel's things like that and then we go
and you can see it's a good way to make
sure that your bits in it as you go you
can see here and we didn't really end up
with much of a nipple at all and if you
have a nipple there it just means that
your bits running a little too low you
want to bring your bit up a little bit
higher to get it centered so that's
basic cutting on the lathe now there's a
couple of other things just to point out
real quick aside from just the just your
back gears and your speeds and how to
cut your bit and again this is a basic
tutorial so we're not going to go into
too many details about these things but
just to give you a little bit of an
understanding of some of the different
things you're going to have for instance
an automatic feed so your automatic feed
is that would be your gears here in the
back of the lathe now you can change out
these different gears to get different
speeds for threading and things like
that typically you'll have a chart or
something in the door of your lathe or
an a manual that would explain to you
what gears you would need where for what
speeds and you can see here in this door
I've got a threading chart in this
particular model but
we're just gonna leave that where it is
just to give you an idea of how that
works so now you can see we're
disengaged
so our heads just free spinning now if
we engage our gear set to our head now
we're spinning our piece that runs our
automatic feet so we can just engage
automatic feet and now we're pulling in
then we're pulling in to the speed based
on the gears yeah you can also use this
just for cutting if you just want a more
consistent cadre just want it to be able
to clean they're having a hard time
doing that and you can engage and
disengage your feed just with this with
the handle well you're actually running
running your gears so while the machine
is still running you can disengage your
disengage and engage your automatic feed
there's also an automatic feed to move
in and out so you can face an automatic
feeder you could turn with an automatic
feed the other thing I wanted to talk
about real fast was your tail stock and
there's a couple of different things
that you can do using your tail stock
like let's say we've got a really long
piece and we want to turn if you've got
it hanging away out from the chuck
you're gonna have a lot of in latched
basically the end isn't gonna be
supported so for something like that
what you would want to use it's known as
this Center this is a live Center which
means it's on bearing as it spins now to
change out the end of your tail stock
you can just back it up and it'll pop
that loose and then you can just pop
your next piece in so now we're good
there by tightening here you're locking
the tail stock down to the metal lathe
so if we want to use the live Center
we do this first we would shut off our
automatic feed and then we would come in
and we're gonna just make ourselves just
a little pocket
now in order to get
a bit in there we're going to have to
change our angle
so that we can get that
cut in there good
and once we've got a little pocket for
our live center to sit in which normally
you would want to go a little bit deeper
with the pocket but again I'm just
trying to give you an idea of how all
this works also we wouldn't need to use
a live Center on something that's heavy
and short either but just to give you an
idea of how everything works then we
would bring our live Center up to our
piece and then we'd want to tighten down
our tail stock to our bed hug that up
and once we have that snug then we can
bring our tail stock on our live Center
into our piece and now as we run we have
support on the backside of our piece so
we don't have it trying to move up and
down as we're turning it that also comes
in very handy if you're doing knurling
or something which we'll cover later in
a different video now other things you
can do with the tail stock obviously I
just pulled the the Jacob's Chuck off of
there but let's say you wanted to drill
out a piece through the Senate you could
take and just put your Chuck on there
and now you can change out your drill
bits bring it in lock it feed in to
drill out the center of your piece as
you go it helps if you're boiling your
drill bit as you're drilling through the
center of something just because you're
creating heat that isn't getting
dispersed very well and not just on a
lathe but on any equipment even if you
have just cheap drill bits you'd be
surprised how well the lasts mmm
actually how good of a job they'll do
just with a little lubrication cutting
Lube helps with a lot of this stuff same
as when you're trying to tap something
but especially with drill bits the
biggest problem is heat once you get
this hot if you lose temper in your
drill bit what you're gonna end up doing
is you're gonna take the hardness out of
it if you get it too hot once the
hardness has gone out of it is gonna
dull and even if you re sharpen it it's
still gonna dull a lot quicker than it
would
you just what I kept it cool on a first
place it was a good way of doing that
another thing you want to remember is if
you've got long hair get it up in a bun
or under a cap or something
long sleeves you want to keep them away
from this head is this thing spinning if
it catches anything I could pull you
right into it that's something you don't
want to find out about the hardwood but
other than that I think that pretty much
covers the basics of how to use a small
metal lathe so if you have any questions
or if we didn't cover anything that you
wanted to know about or maybe didn't
cover anything in enough detail or maybe
you wanted some more detail just go
ahead and shoot us a message we'll get
back to you we could maybe even make
another video covering an aspect of
what's going on here that you would like
to see so I think that's it
happy machine
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