【英語脳を手に入れる】世界的な心理言語学者 ビオリカ・マリアンと「言語の力」/母語以外で思考すると、人考え方も変わる?/バイリンガルは才能なのか【PIVOT GLOBAL】
Summary
TLDRこのトークは言語の力と多言語話者についての洞察を提供します。言語は文化と密接に関連しており、異なる言語を話すことで異なる思考や意思決定が促されます。また、多言語を話す人々は新しい言語を学ぶことで異なる視点を内包し、より柔軟な思考が可能になります。言語は私たちの現実の認識を形成し、コミュニケーションを通じて新しいアイデアや経験を捉えるのに役立ちます。
Takeaways
- 言語は人々の意思決定に影響を与える。同じ意思決定を、第一言語と第二言語で異なる結果が生まれることがある。
- 言語学習は天賦の能力だけでなく、人間の多言語習得の傾向にも由来する。どちらの要素も真実である。
- 世界の人口の大部分はバイリンガルである。これは、一つの言語しか話さない研究に比べて、人間の本質を不完全に捉えてしまう。
- 言語は文化と密接に関連しており、異なる文化的背景を持つ言語は、異なるニュアンスや価値観をもたらす。
- 言語の習得は、個人のアイデンティティや思考の方式に影響を与える。異なる言語を話すと、自分が異なる人物になるような感覚を経験する。
- 異なる言語を話すことで、ストレスの多い状況での意思決定において、異なる答えを導き出すことがある。多言語を用いることで、意思決定の柔軟性が向上する。
- 言語は現実の認識を形成する強い変数であり、言語によって物事をフィルターリングし、ラベルを貼ることで、現実を理解しやすくする。
- 言語における性別文法は、無生物に対する人々の認識に影響を与える。性別文法を持つ言語を話す人々は、無生物を性別に基づくステレオタイプで捉える傾向がある。
- 言語学習は、新しい経験への開放性や柔軟性に関連している。多言語を暴露されると、創造力や認知的柔軟性に好影響が現れる。
- SNSなどのメディアは、異なるアイデアや視点に曝れることで、世界をより良い方へ変える可能性を持っているが、エコーチェンバー効果が生じることもあり、バイアスを強化する可能性がある。
- 言語の多様性は、認知機能や執行機能に影響を与える。多言語を用いることで、認知能力が向上し、アルツハイマー病のリスクを減少させる可能性がある。
Q & A
言語が人々の意思決定にどのように影響を与えるか説明してください。
-言語は私たちの経験と文化に深く関連接しており、言語を切り替えることで異なることが前面に来ます。異なる記憶、関連性、経験が決断の場で影響を与えます。例えば、医療決定、ビジネス、個人関係においても、言語によって異なる意思決定がなされます。
日本語版の「The Power of Language」の本のカバーについてどう思いますか?
-私は日本語版の「The Power of Language」の本のカバーが非常に素晴らしいと思います。それが私のお気に入りのカバーの一つです。
英語と日本語のバージョンの調子の違いについてどう思いますか?
-英語版はより強い主張をしていますが、日本語版は同じことをより柔らかく述べています。これは文化的背景の違いによるもので、日本の文化ではものを押し出すことはあまり避けられ、表現は控えめで、予約的です。英語を話すアメリカでは直接的で明確な表現が好まれます。
世界人口のほとんどがバイリンガルであることを驚きましたが、どうしてですか?
-世界中の多くの国では、子供たちが幼少期から2つの言語を受け入れ、その後さらに言語を学ぶことが一般的です。これは研究が主に一言語話者に焦点を当てているため、この大きな人口セグメントが見落とされ、人の心の理解が不完全で不正確になる原因です。
言語学習において「天才」は存在すると思いますか?
-一部の人間には言語学習の才能が存在しますが、地理的なバイリンガル性やマルチリンガル性を見ると、言語学習の能力は環境や教育にも大きく影響を受けています。誰もが言語を学ぶ能力を持ち、それを使用して認知能力を向上させることができます。
異なる言語を話すときにどのように異なる思考方式が現れるか例を挙げてください。
-例えば、母国語で話すと道徳的な決定を下すことが多く、第二言語で話すとより実用的で合理的な決定を下すことが多いです。また、言語によって個人のペルソナリティの異なる側面が現れます。
言語が私たちの現実の認識にどのように影響を与えるか説明してください。
-言語は現実をフィルタリングし、物事をラベル付けることで、私たちの知覚を整理し、理解を助けます。例えば、虹の色の数や食品の味わいについて、言語によって私たちの感知と記憶が異なるように影響を与えます。
言語学習は認知機能にどのように影響を与えるか説明してください。
-言語学習は脳の認知能力や実行機能、高次元認知に影響を与えます。異なる符号体系を学ぶことで、脳は情報伝達の方法を多様化し、認知能力を向上させることができます。
SNSが人々の思考を狭める可能性があると思いますか?
-SNSは-cross-cultural communicationの可能性を提供しますが、アルゴリズムがエコーチェンバームを形成し、特定の意見が増幅されることがあります。これにより、偏見が強化され、広い視野を持つことが困難になることがあります。
多言語話者が多い地域は社会分裂を解消する可能性がありますか?
-多言語話者は異なる文化や視点を理解しやすく、コミュニケーションを向上させることができます。これにより、社会的分裂や政治的分裂を緩和する可能性があります。
言語学習の始めに取るべきステップは何ですか?
-言語学習を始めるには、基礎的な文法と語彙を学び、実践的な会話の機会を探し、継続的な学習と練習を行うことが重要です。また、異なる文化への露出も言語学習プロセスを豊かにします。
Outlines
🌐 言語の力と文化の違い
この段落では、言語が人々の意思決定にどのように影響を与えるか、またアメリカ文化と日本文化の違いについて説明されています。英語と日本語で同じ本を読むと、異なる印象を受けることがあるという事例も紹介されています。また、日本語版のカバーデザインが好評であることや、言語と文化が密接に関連していることが述べられています。
🌍 世界中のバイリンガル
この段落では、世界中の多くの人々がバイリンガルであることが明らかにされています。特に、子供たちは幼少期から2つの言語を学ぶことが一般的であり、さらに後で追加の言語を学ぶことも指摘されています。心理学言語学者である話者の経験から、言語によって思考の方式が変わることが示されています。
💡 意思決定と言語の選択
この段落では、言語の選択が意思決定にどのように影響するかについて詳細に説明されています。具体的には、同じ問題を母国語と第二言語で問うと、回答が異なることが示されています。この違いは、困難な意思決定をするために、複数の言語で問題を考慮することが役立つことを示しています。
🌟 言語学習と認知能力
この段落では、言語学習が認知能力にどのように影響を与えるかについて述べられています。言語は私たちの経験や記憶に影響を与え、意思決定やビジネス、医療決定、個人関係においても異なる影響を与えることが示されています。また、言語学習は年齢に関係なく始めることができ、認知能力を向上させることが证明されています。
🌈 言語と現実の認識
この段落では、言語が私たちの現実の認識にどのように影響を与えるかについて説明されています。言語は私たちの感覚をフィルターし、世界を理解するための枠組みを提供する役割を果たしています。例えば、虹の色の数や食物や酒に関する詳細な表現は、言語によって異なることを示しています。
🤖 AIと文化的交流
この段落では、AIの発展と文化的交流の可能性について話し及されています。言語の多様性によって開放的な思考や創造力を向上させることができ、社会的メディアがどのようにして人々をより広い視野を持つように導くかについても議論されています。しかし、アルゴリズムがエコーチェンバーを形成し、バイアスを強化する可能性があることも指摘されています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡言語
💡バイリンガル
💡認知能力
💡文化
💡意思決定
💡心理学
💡倫理学
💡アイデンティティ
💡コミュニケーション
💡言語学習
💡多様性
Highlights
Language and decision-making are closely connected, with changes in language affecting the choices people make.
Bilingual individuals may make different decisions based on the language they use, with native language often leading to more emotional decisions and second language to more rational ones.
The power of language is evident in how it can change the way we perceive and interact with the world around us.
Learning a new language can provide a different perspective and enhance cognitive flexibility, potentially leading to better decision-making.
The majority of the world's population is bilingual, which is often surprising given that much research focuses on monolingual individuals.
Language learning is not just about communication but also about understanding different cultures and mindsets.
Even though some individuals may have a natural talent for language learning, everyone has the capacity to learn multiple languages.
Language shapes our reality by influencing how we label, reason about, and understand the world.
The number of colors seen in a rainbow can vary based on the language and culture, showing how language structures our perception.
Grammatical gender in languages can affect how inanimate objects are perceived and described, demonstrating the subtle ways language influences thought.
Being bilingual or multilingual can lead to more open-mindedness and better performance on creativity and cognitive flexibility tasks.
Social media, while having the potential to broaden perspectives, can also create echo chambers that reinforce existing biases.
The development of AI and technology should be mindful of avoiding the perpetuation of biases and ensuring diverse voices are represented.
Speaking multiple languages can have cognitive benefits, such as potentially decreasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Language learning is not limited to natural languages but also includes various forms of communication and symbolic systems like music and math.
The way we remember and recount our life experiences can change depending on the language we use at the time.
The perception of reality is subjective and can be significantly influenced by the language we speak.
Language can impose structure on our sensory experiences, affecting how we comprehend and interact with the world.
The book 'The Power of Language' discusses how language is intertwined with our experiences and can influence various aspects of our lives, including business decisions.
Transcripts
five people and you have to push someone
if you ask people in their native
language their mother Tong 20% of the
time they will say yes I would push a
person to say fine but when you ask them
in the second language about 33% of uh
of the bilingual participants would say
that yes it is permissible or I would
push this person to save the life of
five people same person same decision
making and then you change the language
and the decision the outcome differs do
you think that uh there are people who
are good at learning the language or as
human beings we used to learning
multiple languages yes and yes so both
of those things are
[Music]
true
for
so Dr Via Maran welcome to
pivit thank you for having me so to um
today we're going to talk about your
book The Power language uh in fact
there's a Japanese version out it's very
wonderful it's a great cover and I read
it in both Japanese and English and it
gave me different impression so I'm
always really realizing the power
language thank you yes you're right the
Japanese edition just came out and I
have to say I love the covers well it's
one of my favorite covers of all the
international editions so thank you so
it seemed to me that the English version
was more strong statement of you trying
to convince me that the power language
as opposed to the Japanese version it
was more softer tone even though it was
saying the same thing so I was very
surprised to read both
languages oh that's really interesting
to hear so I don't uh speak Japanese
fluently I'm actually uh learning it
with a with a language learning app now
but of course not at the level where I
could write a book in Japanese so uh we
had translators translated and then we
had um experts in the field in Japan
check it for content and that's not
surprising that you found somewhat
different energies and tones uh coming
from the two languages in fact that's
very typical because language culture
are so closely connected and the
Japanese culture and the American
culture differ where um it's very often
the case that in Japan
you don't push things as much and you
are much more tactful and reserved in
how you express yourself as opposed to
being much more direct when you uh speak
in English in the United States so the
writing in the book reflects these
cultural norms because they target
different
readers it's interesting because you
mentioned in your book that if you learn
a different language you have a
different mindset and which will
probably affect uh even decisions in
business so that was a very interesting
point about your book yeah it's true
well language is so connected to our
experiences to culture that when you
switch between languages different
things come to the Forefront different
memories different associations
different experiences and it does
influence decision- making in a range of
uh of settings
um people think differently about
themselves people make different
decisions uh in medical decision making
in business uh even in personal
relationships because emotion is filed
differently through language um
likelihood of cheating varies across
languages different aspects of one's
personality comes out depending on which
language you are using at any given time
ah interesting so I have tons of
questions to ask you but um I'll divide
it into three parts the first part I
want to ask about the majority of the
world's population is my by bilingual
which surprised me very much so we to
talk about that and the second uh about
the reality of the world um you you you
stated that it's shaped by languages so
like we discussed before that maybe we
think or act differently if we learn a
different language and number three uh
since our audience are all Business
Leaders in each communities we want to
learn tips to learning a new language
and finally maybe we can discuss that
maybe if we have more bilingual people
in the world that will lead to solve
social divide or maybe political divide
which we're confronting in other parts
of the world so uh my first question is
about uh what was surprising that the
majority of the world's population is
actually bilingual what do you mean by
that yeah so I am a psycholinguist uh
psych Linguistics is this field of the
intersection of psychology and and
language um Linguistics so I studied the
psychology of language particularly with
a focus on people who speak two or more
languages and during the course of my
research over the past uh 25 years um it
it became clear that actually the
majority of the world's population does
speak to more languages it's very common
in in countries all over the world for
children to grow up with two languages
from early childhood and then acquire
additional languages later in life and
there are some countries where it's not
just bilingualism it's trilingualism
multilingualism there are countries in
which a 100% of the population speaks
multiple languages the reason this is
often surprising to us is because when
we look at research when we look at
science um when we go to a library or
the bookstore the majority of work is
done on people who only speak one
language um so it leaves out this huge
segment of the population who has
studied more than one than one language
and uh who speaks more than one language
um it really gives us a incomplete and
inaccurate understanding of the human
mind the analogy uh to make there is if
we think of the field of medicine that
historically if we look at hundreds of
years ago up until not that long ago
recently really
um most research was being done on just
men and now we know that many conditions
for example heart disease manifest
differently in women than in men um or
if we look at just uh which is was also
the case a lot of research was done uh
at least in Europe and and North America
on white populations and now we know
that some conditions like diabetes
manifest
differently in the populations
indigenous to North and South America so
in the same way if we just study the
mind of monolingual people the brains of
monolingual people speakers who just
speak one language we get an inaccurate
understanding of the human language
capacity and cognitive potential more
generally um in Japan it seems like the
Young Generation is studying more than
one language now in school uh it's
mandatory from an early age so we see
this change in demographic a lot of
people in Japan and in the United States
as well the proportion of bilinguals and
multilinguals is increasing interesting
so uh Dr Maran you your s uh grew up in
uh mova so English is not your native
language that's right so I I grew up in
a I was born in a Romanian family but uh
the part of the of the world that I was
born uh and at the time was a Soviet
Republic so um I grew up in Soviet Union
Russian was the official language I
spoke Romanian at home Russian and
public uh as a teenager I moved to the
United States so uh big began to speak
English primarily and then studied other
languages in college like French and
Spanish and and ended up doing research
with speakers of lots of different
languages how did learning English
change your life or your mindset that's
an interesting question I think each
language brings with it um a somewhat
different way of thinking and it's very
hard to separate the influence of
language and the influence of culture so
um it's hard to
know whether it's culture where it's
language but really in my experience and
also in evidence from our research the
way people speak the way people remember
uh uh their lives and my own life um
tends to change when I speak one
language versus another um so sometimes
when I switch to Romanian very different
things come to mind childhood memories
become more accessible for example when
I use English I tend to um think in a
more professional way in a more logical
and reasonable way U sort of more use
more reason than emotion it's hard to
know if it's English or native language
versus second language so there is
evidence that um when people use a
second language they tend to make more
uh utilitarian decisions more rational
decisions and when they use their native
language they tend to make more um
deontological decisions so decisions
that are driven by sort of moral uh what
is right and what is wrong um and
emotion so I do think that when I switch
languages um different aspects of myself
come forward as well interesting um you
mentioned about the experiment where
there's a truck or train coming and
there's five workmen and there's a
person next to you on the bridge and if
you push the person and the person fell
off the bridge it will stop the train so
the five lives will be saved um this is
a typical dilemma question but if you
ask this question in your native
language or suppose English the outcomes
will be different that's right so and
this is just one example of situations
where we can make different decisions in
highly stressful situations and you know
it's a pretty stressful situation to
have to decide if um if you want to
sacrifice the life of one person to save
the life of five people and you explain
the dilemma I can uh go into it a little
bit more there are various versions of
this um experiment that that's used to
study lots of things like ethics and
morality um so in this particular
experiment uh the scenario is that there
is a a trolley coming at a very fast
speed and there are five workers working
on the tracks you are standing on a foot
bridge above the tracks next to a big
person with a backpack and this troll is
coming so fast it's about to run over
these five people and kill them so the
questions that is being asked in this
experim is is it permissible to
sacrifice the life of one person to save
the lives of five people how would you
answer that what would you
say um since I'm speaking English maybe
but I think it'll be more I don't want
to use this word but maybe um better to
push the person to save five lives I
know this is a difficult decision but if
I have to make a decision maybe I'll
think about that yeah you're right it is
a very difficult decision and it's
interesting to hear you kind of think
through it and talk through it uh which
is what people usually do and uh what
oftentimes participants would say is or
even people you talk to say is you know
yes uh it makes more sense to save five
people by sacrificing one but I wouldn't
push this person off the bridge you
can't but I wouldn't but then if you if
you change things like if you ask well
okay you don't have to push the person
of the bridge you press a button instead
uh people are more likely to say yes or
you know it it depends we're saying five
people what if it's 50 or 500 or 5,000
so you can really manipulate and change
the different parameters on this um
decision but in the in this initial one
whether it's five people and you have to
push someone if you ask people in their
native language they mother tongue about
20 20% of the time they will say yes I
would push a person to say five but when
you ask them in the second language
about 33% of uh of the bilingual
participants would say that yes it is
permissible or I would push this person
to save the life of five people so this
difference
133% is really quite big if the only
thing that changes is you switch the
language same person same decision-
making and then you change the language
and the decision the outcome differs
which really does tell us that sometimes
when you have to make difficult
decisions it can be a good idea to try
to make those decisions or ask yourself
those questions in more than one
language if you speak more than one
[Music]
language
so this is a strategy uh people can use
when they make major decisions I know
you said a lot of your audience are in
business so in business it works if you
have to make a negotiation decision or
other business decision switching
languages and seeing if you come to the
same realization can be very helpful but
it actually also works in personal
decisions and writers often write about
it I've had many students say so I had
for example a Korean student in my class
last spring telling me how um he was
trying to decide whether he should marry
his Korean girlfriend and saying that
whenever he was making this decision in
Korean he always would come to the
decision that yes he should but when he
would switch to English and make this
decision in English he would think no he
shouldn't so this is an example that he
discussed in class he brought up um uh
publicly in class and and it's not the
only case I think any of our listeners
and you yourself and I often now when
I'm faced with a decision that I'm
having a hard time making I think about
it
from different perspectives different
angles which is what another language
gives you it's really quite interesting
because there's a lot of research that
shows it in business settings when you
have diversity multiple people you
brainstorm you can come up with better
Solutions and better decisions and
here's one situation where when you
don't have access to multiple people um
you can bring these different
perspectives yourself within one
individual perhaps by approaching a
language a question from different
language uh different languages and
different angles yeah I think that's
true because when I speak a different
language it seems that a different me
installed inside and I become another
person so that's very relevant yes
so well it's not surprising you our
identity is shaped by language and um by
the memories that come to mind at any
given point in time so the relationships
we've had with different people all of
those have filtered through
language um so before we going to the
second part of the session um I want to
ask about uh bilinguals because in Japan
since uh we are a very homogeneous
country um we're beginning to become
bilingual but a lot of majority of
people only speak Japanese and we have
been trying like there's tons of books
about how you can learn English and
people think that there's you need some
special talent to be good at English do
you think that uh there are people who
are good at learning a language or as
human beings we're used to learning
multiple
languages yes and yes so both of those
things are true uh in various ways so
yes it's true that some people are more
talented uh and have this gift languages
just like some people are B at music or
at sports or at math we have and I talk
about this in the book we have different
kinds of uh intelligences or different
kind of gifts so yes some people um are
better at learning languages but that
doesn't explain geographical
bilingualism and multilingualism there
are countries where everyone is
bilingual and multilingual if you look
at the Quebec area of Canada the
majority of people there are bilingual
because French and and English are
official languages there and it's not
because everyone in Quebec is
genetically more gifted towards language
learning than if you drive you know a
couple hundred 100 miles south to the
United States where everyone is
monolingual or it's a one official
language so some people are better at
language learning but everyone can learn
more than one language um to different
degrees of proficiency and fluency
um you can learn another language at any
age and you can begin to re benefit
benefits from learning another language
at any age and in fact in the book I go
um into I discuss language as more than
just natural languages that we speak and
and consider multiple forms of
communication multiple codes like music
math anything that allows us to transmit
information across time and space
because this is what language does I
would take an idea I encode it in a
linguistic code and then I transmit it
over time and space in this case through
symbol symbolic system through words for
you to decode and there are different
kinds of symbolic
systems as our brains learn new and more
symbolic systems they change and our
cognitive abilities our um lots of
different executive functions um higher
order cognition changes as a result of
having multiple symbolic systems at our
disposal great uh so let's move on to
the second part of the session um we
kind of touched upon about uh learning
different language affects your decision
but my question is about the reality of
the world so the reality of the world is
shaped by different languages could you
give us some examples how different
languages uh can change how we see or
shape our world sure I think sometimes
people think that we live in this
objective reality yes that we see what
we hear is just this objective thing
that everyone sees and hears but that's
not the case the reality that each of
our brains perceives is very subjective
the reality that I perceive is very
different from the reality that you
perceive from the reality that our
listeners perceive and and everyone's
reality is really shaped by their
previous experiences by uh their
cognitive abilities by their
sensory uh experiences and abilities and
the variables that shape our perception
of reality are really multiple with
language being one of these variables
and it's really quite a powerful um
variable that shapes reality because we
often
use language um to filter our sensory
system we give labels uh to things to
help us reason and and comprehend and
understand the world and so one example
I could give for example is the rainbow
when you look at the rainbow or when
children draw the rainbow they tend to
use the number of uh color
that their language or their culture uh
describes the rainbows having but
interestingly those numbers those
numbers of languages vary of colors vary
across languages and more interestingly
the rainbow itself is not really eight
colors or seven colors or six colors
however many colors you choose it's an
infinite number of colors so all the
colors in this color spectrum are
available in the rainbow it just changes
by one pixel at a time but the language
that we have imposes this structure on
how we think about the rainbow and it's
not just the rainbow um if you talk to
uh for example a chef or wine
connoisseur or someone who is a perfume
expert the words that they use to
describe the food or the smells or the
wine um are much more Rich than a person
who doesn't drink wine and cannot talk
about the finish and the you know it's
it's it it changes how we not only
describe what we perceive but also what
we later remember the details of our
experiences so these are even then
speakers who only speak one language so
with with each new language you sort of
learn new ways of thinking about reality
another example that's uh sometimes easy
for people to understand is is gender
grammatical gender so many languages
like English do not have grammatical
gender all inanimate objects are
referred to as it like a pen a pencil a
desk but uh there are some languages
where inanimate objects are given uh a
grammatical gender it's either masculine
or feminine or it could still be an it
or they could be multiple genders but
interestingly if you are a person who
speaks a language that has grammatical
gender you think about inanimate objects
a little bit differently using this the
stereotypes and biases that are
associated with grammatical gender so
for example in experiments in which uh
people spoke languages that had
grammatical gender if you compared how
someone would describe a key and and key
and um if you look at Spanish speakers
and German speakers in one of these
languages it's masculine in the other
one it's feminine if it's masculine
people describe it as metal uh you know
useful H jagged
and and serrated and and these kind of
adjectives but then if it's feminine
people would describe it as Tiny golden
intricate or a if you just switch things
around and and take something like a
bridge the same item is different
grammatical genders in this two
languages if it's masculine people would
describe it as big uh you know strong
metal again different adjectives
adjectives as opposed to if it's
feminine describing it as elegant
slender pretty
beautiful so the way we even describe
things around
us is shaped by the language we have and
by different features and
characteristics of language do you think
that uh people who can only speak one
language tend to be uh very
narrow-minded we don't want to
generalize because of course there are
people who speak two or more languages
and are narrow-minded and then there are
people who are monolingual and are
open-minded but there is a relationship
between open-mindedness and openness to
new experiences and language learning um
and and it it actually even being
exposed even just dating or having
friends or being in relationships with
people who speak multiple languages
changes how you perform on a number of
creativity tasks and uh and cognitive
flexibility tasks so just being exposed
to other languages other cult C other
ways of thinking broadens the mind and
and um it's definitely a way to to
optimize one's thinking
process um I asked this question because
when I look at social media uh before
you know Twitter and the mess um I used
to think that uh social media may change
your world in a better way because if
you exposed to different ideas different
people people will brought in their
views but what I'm seeing right now at X
is different you people are hating each
other so I'm curious what you think
about that or any thoughts on that it's
a it's an interesting observation and I
agree with you there is a lot of
potential there with uh crosscultural
communication being able to reach and
speak to people from different walks of
life different languages different
cultures different countries and that's
all there that potential is there
unfortunately the algorithms tend to
create this Echo Chambers where you end
up just
increasingly being around more people
and certain ideas become Amplified and
um instead of broadening your
perspectives you are sometimes LED down
a path that on the contrary tends to
really perpetuate biases um so it's
really important that as um technology
advances and and and AI uh continues to
develop people become really or
developers become really mindful of um
not perpetuating this biases making sure
that a variety of voices are being
represented um there are a lot of
safeguards that need to be put in place
like anything else there is a lot of
potential uh uh and it's now a matter of
figuring out how
to how to I don't want to say regulate
because regulation often brings in a lot
of negative biases but if we think you
know when press first came uh came
around or even cars um it took a while
to figure out that seat belts are good
thing for example and that we need road
signs and we need some guidelines for
how to move around the roads uh so we'll
eventually need to figure out how to
move around the the the highway on the
internet to make sure that um
that the best outcomes uh and in
addition you mentioned um there might be
uh possibilities risk decreasing the
risk of Alzheimer it turns out that
speaking to more languages is one of the
side variables and you lived your life
in different languages um you have
different you
can sometimes resort to other uh links
um that your brain has made in this uh
you it'll lose it you know neural
firings approach
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