PERJUANGAN MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN DISINTEGRASI BANGSA :Pemberontakan APRA, RMS, Andi Azis, PRRI-Permesta
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the turmoil in Indonesia's history, focusing on uprisings driven by ideology, interests, and governance systems. It covers significant rebellions such as the APRA led by Captain Raymond Westerling, aiming to preserve a federal state, and the South Moluccan Republic's resistance to integration into NKRI. The script also touches on the PRRI, driven by regional discontent with central government policies and the Permesta movement, which sought attention to regional governance. These events highlight the struggles for autonomy and the central government's military responses to maintain national unity.
Takeaways
- 😐 The script discusses various rebellions in Indonesia that were influenced by both ideology and interests, threatening the country's unity.
- 🏰 The APRA rebellion, led by Captain Raymond Westerling, aimed to maintain a federal state structure in Indonesia and had its own army within the RIS states.
- 🗺️ On January 23, 1950, APRA forces managed to occupy key locations in the city of Dukuh for a few hours, including the Siliwangi Division headquarters.
- 🛡️ Captain Westerling planned to attack the cabinet session building and kidnap ministers, but the APRA forces were repelled by APRIS troops and the plan failed.
- 👑 Sultan Hamid II was a key figure behind the APRA rebellion, and after his capture in Singapore on February 26, 1958, he was involved in the rebellion's suppression.
- 🤝 Andi Azis joined APRIS forces in front of the military commander and the eastern territory under Lieutenant Colonel Adjie Mogoginta, but the alliance was short-lived.
- 🚨 On April 5, 1950, Andi Azis and his forces rejected the entry of APRIS troops from the TNI into South Sulawesi, fearing being pressured by the new forces and not wanting to cooperate.
- 🏛️ The South Moluccan Republic (RMS) rebellion was related to the government's policy to dissolve states and unite them under the NKRI, which RMS rejected.
- 📜 The RMS rebellion was led by figures like Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson, who sought to separate from the NKRI and establish the RMS with its own military force.
- 🛑 The government attempted to suppress the RMS rebellion both peacefully through negotiations and militarily with operations like Senopati 1 and Senopati 2, which eventually led to the capture and execution of RMS leaders.
- 🏛️ The PRRI rebellion was driven by regional dissatisfaction with the central government's focus on large-scale development projects, neglecting other regions.
- 🛡️ The Permesta movement arose from a desire for more attention to regional governance and led to a guerrilla-style rebellion after the central government's refusal to meet their demands.
Q & A
What is the main topic discussed in the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the rebellions in Indonesia that were related to ideology, interests, and government systems.
What was the purpose of the APRA rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling?
-The purpose of the APRA rebellion was to maintain the federal form of the state in Indonesia and to be recognized as the national army of Pasundan.
What significant event occurred on January 23, 1950, during the APRA rebellion?
-On January 23, 1950, the APRA forces successfully occupied almost all important places in the city of Duli for a few hours, including the Siliwangi Division headquarters.
What was Captain Westerling's plan for Jakarta on January 26, 1950?
-Captain Westerling planned to attack the building where the RIS cabinet meeting was held, intending to kidnap all ministers and kill the Defense Minister, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX.
Who was behind the APRA rebellion besides Captain Westerling?
-Sultan Hamid II was another figure behind the APRA rebellion.
What was the outcome of the APRA rebellion?
-The APRA rebellion was repelled by the APRIS troops, and the plan to kidnap ministers and kill the Defense Minister was thwarted.
What was the South Moluccan Republic (RMS) rebellion about?
-The RMS rebellion was related to the government's policy to dissolve the states and unite them within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), which RMS rejected.
Who was one of the leaders of the RMS rebellion?
-One of the leaders of the RMS rebellion was Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson, a former Attorney General of the Eastern Indonesia State.
What was the result of the government's military operation against the RMS?
-The government suppressed the RMS rebellion with a military operation, which included operations Senopati 1 and Senopati 2, leading to the capture of key figures and the eventual surrender of the rebellion.
What was the reason behind the PRRI rebellion?
-The PRRI rebellion was triggered by the perceived neglect of regional development by the central government under President Soekarno's administration.
What was the outcome of the Permesta rebellion?
-The Permesta rebellion ended with the government offering amnesty and abolition for those involved, and the movement declared its dissolution in 1961.
Outlines
🏛️ APRA Rebellion and Its Impact on Indonesia's Federalism
The first paragraph discusses the APRA (Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil) rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling, a Dutch military officer. The rebellion aimed to maintain a federal state structure in Indonesia, with its own army in the provinces. On January 23, 1950, APRA forces briefly occupied key locations in a city, including the Siliwangi Division headquarters. They also entered Jakarta on January 26, 1950, with plans to attack the cabinet meeting location and kidnap ministers. However, these plans were thwarted by the Indonesian army. Sultan Hamid II, another key figure behind the APRA rebellion, was captured in Singapore on February 26, 1958, after fleeing Indonesia. The paragraph also touches on Andi Azis's integration into APRA and the subsequent military operations against the rebellion.
🛡️ The South Moluccan Republic Uprising and Government Response
The second paragraph delves into the South Moluccan Republic Uprising (RMS), which was a response to the government's policy of dissolving autonomous states and integrating them into the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The RMS, led by figures such as Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson, sought independence from the NKRI. The proclamation of the RMS occurred on April 25, 1950, with JH Manuhutu as president and Albert Warisan as prime minister. The government attempted to quell the uprising through peaceful negotiations and military operations. The military operations, led by Colonel Dilarang and involving operations Senopati 1 and Senopati 2, were aimed at capturing key strongholds like Fort Victoria in Ambon. The rebellion continued with guerrilla warfare until the capture and trial of Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, who was sentenced to death.
💥 The PRRI and Permesta Movements: Regional Discontent and Military Actions
The third paragraph covers the PRRI (Pemerkumatan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia) and Permesta movements, which arose from regional discontent with the central government's allocation of development funds. The PRRI began with the formation of regional councils in Sumatra, led by various military figures, and culminated in the declaration of a revolutionary government in Bukittinggi on February 15, 1958. The central government responded with military operations named Tegas, 17 Agustus, and Saptamarga. The Permesta movement, which sought greater attention to regional governance, was declared in Makassar in March 1957 and involved guerrilla warfare. The government eventually quelled the Permesta rebellion through combined operations named Merdeka and Saptamarga, leading to negotiations, amnesty, and the dissolution of the movements by 1961.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Pergolakan
💡APRA
💡Federalism
💡Pemberontakan
💡RMS
💡PRRI
💡Permesta
💡Amnisti
💡Panglima
💡Operasi Militer
💡NKRI
Highlights
Discussion on the rebellions in Indonesia with a background in ideology and interests.
Indonesia's history records rebellions related to interests that threaten the country's integration.
The APRA rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling, a Dutch military officer.
APRA aimed to maintain a federal state form in Indonesia with its own soldiers in the states of the RIS.
On January 23, 1950, APRA forces occupied key locations in the city of Dukuh for several hours.
Plan to kidnap ministers and kill Defense Minister Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX foiled by APRIS soldiers.
Sultan Hamid II, a figure behind the APRA rebellion, captured in Singapore on February 26, 1958.
Andi Azis and his forces joined APRIS in front of Lieutenant Colonel Adjie Mogoginta in East Territory.
Andi Azis refused the integration of APRIS troops from the TNI in South Sulawesi due to discomfort.
Andi Azis's rebellion led to the capture of Makassar and an ultimatum from President Soekarno.
Andi Azis was sentenced to 15 years in prison after being tried in a Military Court in Yogyakarta.
The South Moluccan Republic rebellion (RMS) related to the government's policy of dissolving states.
RMS wanted to separate from the RIS and NKRI, led by Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson.
Proclamation of the South Moluccan Republic with JH Manuhutu as president and Albert Warisan as prime minister.
Government used both peaceful negotiations and military operations to suppress the RMS rebellion.
Colonel Slamet Riyadi died during the military operation to occupy Fort Victoria in Ambon.
RMS rebels continued their guerrilla warfare after fleeing to Haruku Island, with S. Poko Moa captured in 1963.
Background of PRRI due to regional governments' jealousy towards the central government under President Soekarno.
Formation of regional councils as part of the PRRI rebellion, including the Banteng Council led by Letkol Ahmad Husein.
PRRI declared after the central government ignored the ultimatum issued by Ahmad Husein on February 15, 1958.
Military operations by the central government to suppress PRRI, including Operation Tegas and Operation Saptamarga.
Permesta movement arose due to dissatisfaction with the central government's allocation of development funds.
Proclamation of the Permesta struggle in Makassar, supported by military commanders and regional figures.
Permesta continued the rebellion with guerrilla warfare tactics.
Government quelled the Permesta rebellion with joint operations, including Operation Merdeka and Operation Saptamarga.
Permesta declared its willingness to negotiate with the central government in 1963 and received amnesty in 1961.
Transcripts
Hai Hai sobat masa di video Sebelumnya
kita telah membahas pergolakan yang
berlatar belakang Ideologi dan pada
video ini pembahasan kita akan berlanjut
pada pergolakan yang berkaitan dengan
kepentingan dan pergolakan yang
berkaitan dengan sistem pemerintahan
seperti biasa ambil cemilan dulu dan
nikmati video ini sampai selesai
[Musik]
Indonesia
Hai sejarah mencatat pergolakan
berkaitan dengan kepentingan turut
mengancam integrasi Indonesia bagaimana
terjadinya pergolakan yang berkaitan
dengan kepentingan yuk simak pembahasan
berikut ini pemberontakan APRA atau
Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil dipimpin oleh
Kapten Raymond Westerling Iya merupakan
seorang prajurit militer Belanda yang
dikirim untuk membantu koordinasi
tawanan Sekutu di Indonesia gerakan APRA
bertujuan mempertahankan bentuk negara
federal di Indonesia dan memiliki
tentara sendiri di negara-negara bagian
RIS APRA menuntut agar mereka diakui
sebagai tentara negara Pasundan pada 23
Jan 1950 pasukan APRA berhasil menduduki
hampir semua tempat penting di kota
dulu selama beberapa jam termasuk markas
divisi Siliwangi
Hai pasukan APRA juga memasuki wilayah
Jakarta pada 26 Januari 1950 di Jakarta
Kapten Westerling berencana menyerang
gedung tempat diselenggarakannya sidang
kabinet Ris mereka berencana menculik
semua menteri dan membunuh pendrive
pertahanan Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono
ke-9 akan tetapi pasukan APRA tersebut
berhasil dipukul mundur oleh tentara
apris dan rencana tersebut dapat
digagalkan tokoh lain yang berada
dibalik pemberontakan APRA adalah Sultan
Hamid 2
Hai pemerintahan serius segera mengirim
pasukannya ke Bandung untuk mengatasi
keadaan
Hai pada 22 Februari 1958 luas terling
meninggalkan Indonesia dan ia ditangkap
di Singapura pada 26 Februari 1958
hai hai
hai hai
Hai pada 30 Mar 1950 Andi Azis bersama
pasukannya menggabungkan diri ke dalam
apris di hadapan panglima tentara dan
teritorium timur Letnan Kolonel Adjie
mogoginta namun tidak berselang lama
pada 5 April 1950 terdengar berita bahwa
pemerintah Ris mengirimkan sekitar
900-an apris yang berasal dari TNI ke
Makassar untuk menjaga keamanan
Hai kedatangan pasukan apris tersebut
menyebabkan pasukan bekas nil khawatir
akan terdesak oleh pasukan baru tersebut
Hai dibawah komando Andi Azis pasukan
vinyl menolak masuknya pasukan apris
dari unsur TNI ke Sulawesi Selatan Andi
Azis dan pendukungnya menolak keputusan
pemerintah terkait apris karena takut
terdesak dan tidak bersedia bekerjasama
dengan pasukan baru tersebut kondisi ini
disebabkan pasukan kniel sebelumnya
merupakan tentara Belanda sehingga
antara dua pihak muncul perasaan tidak
nyaman jika harus bekerja sama
Hai kedatangan pasukan tersebut juga
dipandang dapat mengancam kedudukan
kelompok masyarakat yang pro terhadap
negara federal pada 5 April 1950 pagi
sebelum pasukan apris mendarat di
Sulawesi Selatan Sasuke bekas email
dibawah pimpinan Andi Azis menangkap
beberapa anggota pasukan apris di
Makassar dan merebut Kota Makassar
Hai pada 8 April 1994 Winnie tah
mengeluarkan ultimatum yang isinya bahwa
dalam waktu empat kali 24jam Andi Azis
harus melaporkan diri kepada pemerintah
resmi Jakarta untuk
mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya
Presiden Soekarno menyatakan bahwa Andi
Azis adalah seorang pemberontak
Hai pada 15 APR 1972 Azis akhirnya
berangkat ke Jakarta setelah didesak
oleh presiden negara Indonesia timur
Sukawati akan tetapi Andi Azis terlambat
lapor sebagai konsekuensinya Andi Azis
dihadapkan ke Pengadilan Militer di
Yogyakarta dan dijatuhi hukuman 15 tahun
penjara
[Musik]
Hai pemberontakan Republik Maluku
Selatan atau RMS terjadi berkaitan
dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang ingin
membubarkan negara-negara bagian dan
menyatukannya dalam NKRI RMS menolak
kebijakan tersebut salah satu Pelopor
dari berdirinya RMS adalah dokter
Christian Robert stephenson mokyo mantan
Jaksa Agung Negara Indonesia Timur Iya
merasa tidak puas apabila nitr0 kembali
menjadi bagian NKRI RMS sejatinya tidak
hanya ingin memisahkan diri dari net10
juga ingin memisahkan diri dari NKRI
Hai pada 25 April 1950 terjadi
proklamasi berdirinya Republik Maluku
Selatan dengan mengangkat JH Manuhutu
sebagai presiden dan Albert warisan
sebagai perdana menteri pada Mei 1950
Smokey menggantikan Manuhutu sebagai
presiden RMS kemudian ia membentuk
sebuah Angkatan Perang RMS atau HP RMS
Untuk menumpas pemberontakan RMS
pemerintah Ris menggunakan dua cara-cara
pertama dilakukan secara damai karena
damai ini ditempuh melalui perundingan
dengan mengirim toko asli Maluku yaitu
jelena putuhena Oke si dan rehat uh ke
Ambon untuk melakukan kompromi dengan
somo kill dan pengikutnya
Hai akan tetapi misi ini ditolak oleh
smokel yang tetap pada pendiriannya
untuk memisahkan diri dari nit2 Upun
dress pada akhirnya pemerintah menumpas
RMS dengan operasi militer
Hai orasi militer dipimpin oleh kolonel
dilarang selaku panglima tentara dan
teritorium Indonesia timur operasi
militer ini terbagi dalam operasi
Senopati 1 dan senapati dua dalam
penyerangan menduduki benteng Victoria
di Kota Ambon Kolonel Slamet Riyadi
gugur
Hai operasi senopati2 berhasil menguasai
Ambon pada 1950
Hai para pemberontakan RMS kemudian
melarikan diri ke pulau separuh haruko
dan siram mereka melanjutkan
pemberontakan bergerilya sampai akhirnya
spomo Kill The tangkap pada tiga
Desember males 63 dalam sidang mahkamah
militer Angkatan Darat di Jakarta semua
file dijatuhi hukuman mati
Hai melakukan PRRI dilatarbelakangi
adanya kecemburuan pemerintah di daerah
terhadap pemerintahan pusat pada masa
pemerintahan Presiden Soekarno
pemerintahan pusat melakukan pembangunan
besar-besaran akan tetapi pembangunan
tersebut terkesan mengabaikan
pembangunan daerah-daerah lain
pemberontakan pemerintahan revolusioner
Republik Indonesia atau verely dimulai
dengan pembentukan dewan-dewan daerah
beberapa dewan daerah yang terbentuk
yaitu dewan banteng di Sumatera Barat
yang dipimpin oleh Letkol Ahmad Husein
Dewan Gajah di Sumatera Utara yang
dipimpin oleh m Simbolon dewan garuda di
Sumatera Selatan yang dipimpin oleh
Letkol Barlian serta dewan Manguni di
isi Utara yang dipimpin oleh kolonel
ventje sumual pada 10 Februari 1958
Letkol Ahmad Husein mengeluarkan
ultimatum agar Kabinet Djuanda mundur
akan tetapi pemerintahan pusat tidak
menanggapi Isi ultimatum tersebut oleh
karena itu 5 hari kemudian yaitu pada 15
Feb Letkol Ahmad Husein memproklamasikan
berdirinya pemerintahan revolusioner
Republik Indonesia di Bukittinggi
sjafruddin prawiranegara diangkat selaku
Perdana Menteri PRRI pemerintah
memutuskan untuk melakukan operasi
militer yang dibagi menjadi operasi
tegas operasi 17agustus operasi
saptamarga Operasi sadar dan operasi
Hai operasi pertama kali dilakukan pada
14 Mar 1958 dan ditujukan ke Pekanbaru
untuk mengamankan sumber-sumber minyak
operasi militer kemudian dikembangkan ke
pusat pertahanan PRRI di Padang dan
Bukit Tinggi TNI dapat merebut kota
Medan pada 17 Mar 1958 Dan sebulan
kemudian kota Padang berhasil dikuasai
selanjutnya pada 5.mei 1958 Bukittinggi
berhasil direbut kembali pada dekade
1950 an beberapa daerah di Sumatera dan
di Sulawesi merasa tidak puas dengan
pembagian alokasi biaya pembangunan dari
pemerintahan pusat
Hai sikap itu didukung oleh beberapa
Panglima militer kondisi inilah yang
melatarbelakangi terbentuknya gerakan
Permesta gerakan Permesta menginginkan
adanya perhatian pemerintah pusat
terhadap pemerintahan daerah pada dua
Maret 1957 panglima tentara dan
teritorium 7 laptop hang Jo sumual
memproklamasikan piagam perjuangan
rakyat semesta atau Permesta di Makassar
piagam tersebut ditandatangani oleh 51
tokoh wilayah gerakannya meliputi
Sulawesi Nusa Tenggara dan Maluku
pasukan Permesta melanjutkan
pemberontakan dengan cara bergerilya
Hai penumpasan pemberontakan Permesta
dilakukan pemerintah dengan melancarkan
operasi gabungan koperasi tersebut
terdiri atas operasi merdeka dan operasi
saptamarga pada 1963 Permesta menyatakan
kesediaannya berunding dengan
pemerintahan pusat dan pada 1961
pemerintahan pusat memberi amnesti dan
abolisi bagi orang-orang yang terlibat
PRRI dan Permesta pada tahun itu pula
Permesta dinyatakan bubar
[Musik]
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