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Summary

このビデオスクリプトでは、エッセイ書くことの学びの強力な手法である理由を紹介しています。エッセイを通じて思考力が向上し、コミュニケーション能力が高まるだけでなく、数学や物理学のような科目でも有効であることが説明されています。さらに、エッセイはBloomの分類に沿って高い認知機能を活用し、批判的思考を促進します。スティーブン・ピンカートンのエッセイガイドやBrilliant.orgのインタラクティブレッスンを通じて、効果的な学習戦略を学び、問題解決能力を向上させる方法が提案されています。

Takeaways

• 📝 エッセイ執筆は学習の強力な手法であると示されている。
• 🎓 エッセイは思考力の向上に役立つだけでなく、コミュニケーション能力も向上させる。
• 📚 米歇尔・ド・モンターニュが現代のエッセイ形式を創造し、ルネッサンスの影響を与えた。
• 🧠 学習の科学に基づくエッセイは、人間の脳の働きを理解するための手法として機能する。
• 🤔 エッセイを書くことで、思考、探索、論拠の形成を通じて洞察を深める。
• 📈 ブルームの分類軸（Revised Bloom's Taxonomy）は、エッセイ執筆を通じて学習の深いレベルに達するプロセスを示す。
• 🔍 批判的思考は、エッセイを書く際に重要な役割を果たし、論理的考察や結論の引き出し方を学ぶ。
• 📚 研究によると、エッセイを書く際に使用するリトリーバルプラクティスは最も効果的な学習戦略の一つである。
• ❓ 「どうして？」「なぜ？」といった自己質問は、深い理解を促進し、学習をより効果的にする。
• 🔗 学習内容を既存の知識にリンクさせることで、長期記憶に情報を移し、より良い学習効果を得る。
• 📘 ジョーダン・ペターソンの無料エッセイガイドは、エッセイを書くためのステップバイステップガイドを提供する。

Q & A

エッセイを書くことの効果的な学習手法としての理由は何ですか？

エッセイを書くことで、思考力や洞察力を開発し、理解を深めることができます。また、コミュニケーション能力の向上にもつながります。

ミシェル・ド・モンターニュが現代のエッセイ形式を創った時期とその背景は何ですか？

ミシェル・ド・モンターニュは16世紀のフランスの作家で、38歳の誕生日に城の塔に机と千冊の本を持ち込み、エッセイを書くことを始めました。

エッセイの言葉の由来は何であり、どのような意味を持ちますか？

エッセイという言葉はフランス語の「essai」由来で、意味は「試みる」または「試行錯誤」を指します。

ジョージ・オーウェルやバーバラ・オークリーなど、著名な作家たちはエッセイを書くことで何を得ていますか？

彼らはエッセイを書くことで、自分の考えを形成し、意味を探求し、論点を展開することで、より深い理解を得ています。

ブルームの分類体系とは何であり、エッセイ書庫とどのように関連していますか？

ブルームの分類体系は、学習者が必要とする認知的ステップを分類した体系で、エッセイを書く過程ではこれらのステップを経ないと言えません。

批判的思考とは何であり、エッセイ書庫でどのように活用されますか？

批判的思考は証拠を特定し、評価し、論理の欠陥を指摘し、結論を引き出す能力です。エッセイ書庫では、論文の分析や評価を通じてこのスキルを活用します。

エッセイを書く際に使用される最も効果的な学習戦略の1つは何ですか？

エッセイを書く際に使用される最も効果的な学習戦略の1つはリトリーブ・プラクティスで、再読書よりも効果的です。

エッセイを書くことで得られるコミュニケーション能力の向上とはどのようなものですか？

エッセイを書くことで、自分のアイデアをより明確に伝える書面と口頭でのコミュニケーション能力が向上します。

ジョーダン・ピーターソンのエッセイガイドの内容とその利点は何ですか？

ジョーダン・ピーターソンのエッセイガイドは、エッセイを書くためのステップバイステップガイドを提供し、構造や編集方法についてアドバイスを提供しています。

ブリリアント.orgはどのようなサービスで、どのように学習に役立つか説明してください。

ブリリアント.orgは、数学、データ分析、プログラミング、AIなどの数千のインタラクティブなレッスンを提供する学習プラットフォームで、エキスパートによる創設であり、インタラクティブな問題を通じて概念を学び、問題解決スキルと批判的思考スキルを開発できます。

Outlines

00:00

📝 エッセイの学びの力

この段落では、エッセイを書くことの学びの効果について述べています。エッセイは思考や理解を深める強力な学習手法であり、数学や物理のような科目にも適用可能であると紹介されています。また、エッセイの歴史にはフランスの作家モンターニュの貢献が大きく、彼の書いたエッセイは当時の文学に大きな影響を与えました。さらに、エッセイを通じて思考を深め、自己の理解を深めるだけでなく、コミュニケーション能力も向上するとも述べています。

05:00

🧠 エッセイと批判的思考

この段落では、エッセイを書くことの過程で批判的思考能力を養う方法について説明しています。エッセイを書くことで、事実を評価し、論理的欠陥を見つけ出し、結論を導くことができるようになります。また、エッセイを書く際には、事前の情報収集や自己質問を行い、より深い理解を目指すことが重要です。さらに、エッセイを書くことは、最も効果的な学習戦略であるリトリーブプラクティスや自己質問を通じて学びを深めることを促します。

10:01

📚 エッセイの書き方とリソース

この段落では、エッセイを書くための具体的なアドバイスとリソースを紹介しています。タイトルの重要性や、エッセイの構成、主張の立証、反対意見への対応など、エッセイの書き方に関する基本的なガイドラインを提供します。また、ジョーダン・ピーターソンによって作成された無料のエッセイガイドや、brilliant.orgという学習プラットフォームを紹介し、それらを活用してエッセイを効果的に書く方法を提案しています。

Keywords

💡エッセイ

エッセイとは、特定のトピックに関する個人的な見解や論考を表現する文章のことです。このビデオでは、エッセイを書くことが学習の強力な手法であると示しており、思考力やコミュニケーション能力の向上に役立つと主張しています。例えば、ビデオではエッセイを通じて思考を深め、論理的に主張を展開し、反対意見に対処する方法が示されています。

💡ミシェル・ド・モンタニュ

ミシェル・ド・モンタニュは、フランスの作家兼哲学者で、現代のエッセイ形式を創造したとされています。ビデオでは、モンタニュが書斎に書庫を移してエッセイを書いたことで、彼の洞察力と自己表現の力について触れています。エッセイの力は、彼の作品を通じて多くの人々に影響を与え、特に英語とフランスの文学に大きな影響を与えました。

💡ブルームの分類

ブルームの分類とは、教育心理学者であるベンジャミン・ブルームが提唱した、学習における認知機能のレベルを分類する体系のことです。ビデオでは、エッセイを書くことでこれらのレベルを経験し、専門家になるために必要な認知ステップを踏むことができると説明しています。例えば、「分析する」「評価する」「創造する」といったステップは、エッセイを書く上で不可欠な要素とされています。

💡批判的思考

批判的思考とは、証拠を特定し評価し、論理的思考を行い結論を引き出す能力を指します。ビデオでは、エッセイを書くことで批判的思考能力を養うことができると述べており、論文の分析や反対意見への対応など、具体的な例を提供しています。

💡リトリーバルプラクティス

リトリーバルプラクティスは、学習戦略の1つで、情報を復習することによって記憶を強化する手法です。ビデオでは、エッセイを書く前にはリトリーバルプラクティスを用いて読書を行ったほうが、より効果的な学習になると述べています。例えば、ページを読んでから本を閉じ、覚えた内容を書き出すという手順が紹介されています。

💡問題解決能力

問題解決能力とは、新しい状況や問題に直面した際に、効果的に対処するためのスキルを指します。ビデオでは、エッセイを書くことで問題解決能力が向上すると主張しており、論文の主張や反対意見を論理的に展開し、結論を導く過程でこのスキルが発達すると説明しています。

💡ジョージ・オーウェル

ジョージ・オーウェルは、20世紀の著名な英国の小説家であり、エッセイの執筆者でもあります。ビデオでは、オーウェルがモンタニュのファンであったことや、エッセイを通じて思考を深めることができると触れています。

💡ジャン・ディーダン

ジャン・ディーダンは、20世紀のフランスの小説家で、エッセイの執筆者としても知られています。ビデオでは、ディーダンがエッセイを書くことで自身の思考を明確にし、理解を深めることに重点を置いていると紹介しています。

💡エッセイの構造

エッセイの構造とは、主張や論理を効果的に展開するための文章の構成を指します。ビデオでは、エッセイの構造に関するアドバイスを提供しており、例えば、100単語の要旨、10文の段落、各段落が1つのアイデアを扱うなど、具体的な構成案を提案しています。

💡ブリリアント.org

ブリリアント.orgは、数学、データ分析、プログラミング、AIなどの分野で学ぶためのインタラクティブなレッスンを提供するウェブサイトです。ビデオでは、ブリリアントを通じて学ぶことで、問題解決能力や批判的思考能力を養うことができると紹介しています。

Highlights

Essay writing is a powerful learning technique that can improve thinking and is applicable to subjects like maths and physics.

Essays originated in 16th Century France with Michel de Montaigne, who recognized the power of writing for developing understanding.

Essayists like George Orwell and Virginia Woolf used writing to form and explore their ideas, not just to share them.

Bloom's taxonomy, particularly the revised version, shows that writing an essay involves all steps of cognitive development.

Essay writing enhances critical thinking by requiring analysis, evaluation, and creation of original arguments.

Retrieval practice, a highly effective learning strategy, can be incorporated into the essay writing process.

Asking 'how' and 'why' questions during reading deepens understanding and is a technique recommended for essay writing.

The 'Learn it linked' approach helps move information from working memory to long-term memory, beneficial for essay writing.

Essay writing encompasses most effective learning strategies, making it an efficient way to learn and understand new topics.

A good essay title should allow for reasoning, analysis, and evaluation on a specific topic.

Jordan Peterson's free essay guide offers a comprehensive step-by-step process for writing effective essays.

Brilliant.org, the sponsor, provides interactive lessons that develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

Learning by doing with interactive problems on Brilliant.org is proven to be more effective than passive learning methods.

Brilliant.org's programming courses help build a strong foundation and develop a programmer's mindset.

Essay writing not only improves understanding but also significantly boosts communication skills, both written and verbal.

The process of writing an essay naturally includes the top cognitive steps of analyze, evaluate, and create from Bloom's taxonomy.

Montaigne's introduction to his essays, despite being considered frivolous, became a bestseller and influenced literature.

The word 'essay' comes from the French word 'essayer', meaning an attempt or a trial.

Transcripts

you won't believe how effective essays

are as a way of learning I I know you're

jub I was but I wish I discovered them

much sooner I've missed out and I don't

want you to miss out so in this video

I'm going to show you why essay writing

is such a powerful learning technique

I'll show you how it can improve your

thinking and in case you're wondering

whether it works for subjects like maths

and physics it does and I'm going to

share some really useful essay writing

techniques and learning resources to get

you started it's a story where we go

from mid-6th Century France to modern

day Neuroscience a story about the

science of learning the human brain

George Orwell Virginia wolf we even

mentioned Jordan Peterson and by the end

you will have transformed your ability

to learn and think do with that what you

will it's easy to see essays as homework

like an assignment set by a Cher and

they can be that but if that's all they

are to you then you're really missing

out have you heard of the French writer

and philosopher Michel de monana on the

28th of February 1571 which was his 38th

birthday he did something unexpected he

was a nobleman he lived in a castle just

outside Bordeaux and you could say he

had a midlife crisis but instead of

buying a sports car or ill advised

fashion items or chasing women half his

age Montana moved a desk and a thousand

books into one of the towers in his

castle and started to write the result

of that decision was the creation of the

modern essay form and with it one of the

most original and influential thinkers

of the Renaissance Montana innately

recognized the power of writing as a way

of developing understanding and insight

and he turned that in on himself and

despite writing in the introduction to

his book on essays I am myself the

matter of my book you would be

unreasonable to spend your leisure on so

frivolous and vain a subject it became a

bestseller of its day and had a profound

impact on English and French literature

Shakespeare was a fan of Montana here's

an apology I think I've been

mispronouncing his name it's Montaine

not Montana sorry but what's all this

got to do with using essays as a way of

learning well we're not ready for that

bit yet it is coming incidentally the

word essay comes from the French SI I've

probably mispronounced that too meaning

an attempt or a trial some of the

greatest thinkers in recent human

history wrote essays I don't have time

to list them all but there's Carl San

George Orwell Joan didan Virginia wolf

that's just four out of hundreds the

essayist and novelist Jan didan

said I write entirely to find out what

I'm thinking what I'm looking at what I

see and what it means and that's the

point even renowned thinkers writers and

essayists aren't writing simply to share

their thoughts and ideas they write to

form those ideas they write to find

meaning explore thoughts and develop

arguments but what's that got to do with

you will writing essays make you a

well-renowned thinker probably not but

it will make you a better thinker and

it'll improve your understanding of the

world there's another benefit too you

will see a huge Improvement in your

ability to communicate your ideas

written and verbal if you have that kind

of mind you're probably thinking show me

some evidence that what you say is true

okay I will let's start with Bloom

Benjamin Bloom was an educational

psychologist he spent his entire career

researching learning in particular he

studied the different levels of

cognitive function required for certain

types of learning and what it takes to

become an expert he classified the

cognitive steps needed to develop

expertise on the topic these have become

known as Bloom's taxonomy actually

that's not completely true what I've

just shown you is the revised blooms

taxonomy it was changed in 2001 to make

the steps verbs rather than nouns but

looking at it again what do you

notice can you write an essay without

going through these steps I don't think

it's possible let's try and experiment

which of these steps could you drop

remember That's essential understand and

That's essential too

apply we'll come back to that one

analyze to write a good essay you need

to analyze the sources break down their

arguments and work out exactly the ideas

that they're attempting to convey which

ideas are the most convincing and why

are some of the ideas flawed that's

evaluation and create where does that

come in well you're going to be writing

an essay an original work based on these

steps that's everything well apart from

apply maybe but it doesn't really matter

that apply isn't included because it's

these top three steps the analyze

evaluate and create which are the most

important here's why did I say that

essay writing would make you a better

thinker I did let's look at how that

works now we're going to talk about

critical thinking critical thinking is

the ability to identify evidence and

evaluate it to probe to investigate to

spot flaws in logic to reason and draw

conclusions instead of saying the Battle

of Hastings was fought in 1066 which is

descriptive critical analytical writing

would say Williams victory at the Battle

of Hasting transformed England forever

it was the start of Norman rule over the

country which changed the culture

language and economy wait a minute is

that really critical analytical writing

can you believe me when I tell you that

how did it transform England how did it

change the culture language and economy

how was that significant when you're

thinking critically about your own work

or other people's work these are some of

the questions that you should be asking

yourself I'm going to give you some

advice on essay writing soon but before

I do that I want to give you some other

reasons as to why it's really effective

to write an essay you usually need to

read something first which gives you the

opportunity to use the most effective

learning strategy that researchers have

found now if you watch this channel

regularly you'll know what it is because

I rarely stopped talking about it study

after study has shown retrieval practice

to be the most effective form of

learning this metaanalysis of 217

studies into retrieval practice confirms

that it's more useful than rereading

which is counterintuitive but although

it feels reassuring rereading is not

particularly effective because when

you're doing it you're not engaging with

the material like you are when you're

trying to retrieve it and you can use

retrieval practice in your notetaking

process what you do is you read a page

and then close the book and then with

the book still closed you write

everything that you can remember about

that page write as much as you can and

if you take notes that way you'll

remember much more quickly and

thoroughly essay writing also encourages

you to use another technique the

research has shown is highly effective

can you think of something that could

improve your understanding as you're

reading a book how about asking yourself

how and why questions so you're learning

about photosynthesis instead of just

trying to remember what photosynthesis

is you ask yourself why is this

important how does it affect other life

on Earth what would happen if

photosynthesis wasn't possible what does

photosynthesis rely on why should you do

this because it deepens your

understanding of the subject and you can

take it further by connecting what

you're learning to what you already know

in their book on Common Sense teaching

which despite its title is also a great

book about how to learn effectively

efficiently Barbara Oakley Beth rowski

and teren sski delve into the science of

how our brains work and learn they

suggest the learn it linked approach

doing this will help move information

from your limited working memory to your

almost unlimited long-term memory so as

you're summarizing notes ask how and why

questions and Link what you're learning

to what you already know because that

will help you learn but you know what

that's exactly what you should do when

you're writing an essay if you want to

write a good one you see essay writing

encompasses almost all of the most

effective learning strategies so you

want to learn something quickly and well

write an essay on it so how do you write

an essay well that's what this bit's

about first you need a title now if your

essay has been set by a tutor they would

have given you a title if it hasn't then

you'll have to come up with the title

yourself what makes a good title usually

something that gives you the scope to

reason analyze and evaluate consider the

importance of photosynthesis to life on

Earth could be an interesting title the

essay should State your position and a

reasoned argument of how you've arrived

at it it will analyze and evaluate it

will raise objections and then respond

to them with an exquisitly argued

position as to why those objections

don't stand up depending on the type of

essay The Objective could be to persuade

the reader that this is the only

sensible conclusion that can be drawn

and now it's time to talk about Jordan

Peterson now he and I are probably not

natural bedfellows actually I haven't

read any of his books and what little I

know about him is just from a few

YouTube videos that I've seen and most

of those have been about lobsters so I

don't really know enough to form an

opinion on him but I'm about to

recommend something that he's created so

it's important that you know that I'm

not receiving any money or benefiting in

any way to do so now he has created a

free essay guide uh you can download it

from the link in the description and it

is very good I found it by chance when I

was looking for essay writing resources

to share for this video and I think

you'll like it now I've since discovered

that he has a paid for essay advice

platform which I'm not endorsing because

I've never used I've no idea what it's

like but I have read his essay guide

it's 25 pages long the tone and style

are a bit arrogant but I like the advice

it explains the benefits of writing and

gives a step-by-step guide on how to

write an essay it suggests how to

structure it 100 words split into 10

sentences per paragraph with each

paragraph covering one idea the

paragraphs should follow a logical

progression towards the destination of

your argument it talks about topics and

how to create a reading list how to

create an outline and then how to start

writing how to edit and how to improve

prove it's a comprehensive guide on how

to write an essay and Peterson says that

students following it will produce

something that is at least very good I

agree with that um I've linked to it in

the description as well as a couple of

other essay writing resources too if you

want to set yourself a challenge learn

something new and become an expert

Problem Solver then I think you should

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