Sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit | Sejarah SMA

Summary

The Majapahit Kingdom, spanning 234 years from 1293 to 1527, was the largest archipelago-unifying empire, with its zenith under Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada. Built on maritime trade, Majapahit's wealth and influence extended from the Malay Peninsula to the Philippines. The kingdom, the last Hindu-Buddhist state, saw internal strife, rebellions, and eventually succumbed to the Islamic Demak Sultanate. Majapahit's legacy includes historic buildings, inscriptions, and the Negarakertagama, chronicling its administration and glory.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The Majapahit Kingdom was the largest and most successful kingdom in the Indonesian archipelago, standing for 234 years from 1293 to 1527.
• 🌊 Majapahit's wealth and power were greatly enhanced by its vast maritime and trade network, particularly during the reign of Hayam Wuruk and under the governance of Gajah Mada.
• 🤝 Gajah Mada's Palapa Oath was a significant declaration of his intent to unify the entire archipelago under Majapahit's rule.
• 🕉 Majapahit was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in the region before the rise of Islamic Demak.
• 📍 The government's center was initially in Mojokerto, East Java, and later shifted to the Trowulan area.
• 👑 Raden Wijaya founded the Majapahit Kingdom in 1293 after the fall of the Singasari Kingdom and was crowned as Prabu Kertarajasa Jayawardana.
• 🛡️ Majapahit's influence extended overseas, reaching the Malay Peninsula, Tumasik (Singapore), and parts of Thailand and the Philippines at its peak.
• 💔 A conflict with the Sunda Kingdom in 1357 led to a one-sided battle with significant casualties, after a failed marriage proposal from Hayam Wuruk.
• 🛑 The Paregreg War in 1404 marked the beginning of Majapahit's decline, with many areas breaking away due to internal strife and civil war.
• 📜 The Negarakertagama, written by Mpu Prapanca, chronicles the glory and administration of the Majapahit government.
• 🏛️ Majapahit's legacy includes numerous historical buildings and inscriptions, such as the Rat Temple, Bajang Ratu Gate, Kudadu inscription, and Canggu inscription.

Q & A

What was the Majapahit Kingdom known for in the archipelago?

The Majapahit Kingdom was known as the largest and most successful kingdom that united most of the archipelago, with a wealth built on a vast maritime and trade network.

Who were the key figures in building the wealth of Majapahit?

Hayam Wuruk and his patih (governor), Gajah Mada, were the key figures in building the wealth of Majapahit through their maritime and trade network.

What was the significance of the Palapa Oath?

The Palapa Oath was significant as it demonstrated Gajah Mada's determination to unite the entire archipelago under the rule of Majapahit.

How long did the Majapahit Kingdom last and where was its government center located?

The Majapahit Kingdom lasted for 234 years, from 1293 to 1527, with its government center initially in Mojokerto, East Java, and later shifting to the Trowulan area.

What event marked the beginning of the Majapahit Kingdom?

The beginning of the Majapahit Kingdom was marked by the fall of the Singasari Kingdom and the subsequent founding of Majapahit by Raden Wijaya in 1293.

Who was Raden Wijaya and how did he become the first king of Majapahit?

Raden Wijaya was the son-in-law of King Kertanegara of the Singasari Kingdom. After the death of Kertanegara, Raden Wijaya, with the help of Arya Wiraraja, defeated Jayakatwang and founded the Majapahit Kingdom, becoming its first king with the title Prabu Kertarajasa Jayawardana.

What was the role of Gajah Mada during the Majapahit era?

Gajah Mada served as the Mahapatih (governor) during the Majapahit era, took the Palapa Oath, and played a crucial role in the kingdom's expansion and administration.

What was the impact of the Paregreg War on Majapahit?

The Paregreg War caused significant losses and led to the breaking away of many areas of Majapahit power outside Java, marking the beginning of the kingdom's decline.

How did the Majapahit Kingdom eventually collapse?

The Majapahit Kingdom eventually collapsed after experiencing an economic crisis, political conflict, and being attacked twice by the Demak Sultanate, which was founded by Raden Patah, the son of Brawijaya V.

What are some of the historical artifacts and records left from the Majapahit era?

Historical artifacts from the Majapahit era include buildings like the Rat Temple and the Bajang Ratu Gate, inscriptions such as the Kudadu and Canggu inscriptions, and the Negarakertagama Book written by Mpu Prapanca, which details the kingdom's glory and administration.

What was the Majapahit Kingdom's relationship with the Sunda Kingdom?

The Majapahit Kingdom had a contentious relationship with the Sunda Kingdom, as evidenced by a battle in 1357. Initially, Hayam Wuruk wanted to marry Dyah Pitaloka, the daughter of the King of Sunda, but the situation escalated into a battle due to Gajah Mada's unilateral decision to treat her as a tribute.