Fat Soluble Vitamins
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, highlighting their roles in bodily functions and potential for toxicity due to storage in fat tissues. It emphasizes the importance of vitamin A for vision and skin health, vitamin D for bone strength, vitamin E as an antioxidant, and vitamin K for blood clotting. The source of each vitamin and their deficiency symptoms are discussed, along with the unique ability of the body to produce vitamin D from sunlight.
Takeaways
- 🧡 Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the body's fat tissues and do not require regular replacement.
- 👀 Vitamin A is crucial for the formation of visual purple, a pigment in the retina that allows seeing in dim light.
- 🛡️ Vitamin A also helps maintain healthy skin and provides resistance to infections, as well as supports growth and acts as an antioxidant.
- 🥩 Sources of Vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk, with beta-carotene found in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables.
- 🚫 A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness and dry skin, while an excess can cause fatigue, joint pain, and liver damage.
- ☀️ Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is linked to calcium and phosphorus absorption and is essential for strong bones.
- 🦴 A lack of Vitamin D can result in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak and soft bones.
- 🍳 Sources of Vitamin D include liver, egg yolk, oily fish, whole fat milk, cheese, and sunlight exposure.
- 🛡️ Vitamin E, or tocopherol, is an antioxidant that prevents oils from going rancid and helps maintain healthy nerves and muscles.
- 🥜 Vitamin E is found in liver, egg yolk, vegetable oils, nuts, and whole grains, and a deficiency can lead to hemolysis and nerve disease.
- 🩸 Vitamin K, or nectar quinone, is necessary for normal blood clotting, with sources including liver, vegetable oils, legumes, and green leafy vegetables.
- 💉 A Vitamin K deficiency can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, but toxicity is rare.
Q & A
What are fat-soluble vitamins and why are they different from other vitamins?
-Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K. They are different because they dissolve in fat and can be stored in the body's fat tissues, unlike water-soluble vitamins which need regular replacement as they are not stored and are excreted from the body.
Why is it possible to have too much of fat-soluble vitamins?
-Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body, there is a risk of accumulating too much of these vitamins, which can lead to toxicity.
What is the primary function of Vitamin A in relation to vision?
-Vitamin A is essential for forming visual purple, a pigment in the retina of the eye that allows us to see in dim light.
How does Vitamin A contribute to skin health?
-Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy skin, which is why it is often included in skincare products like moisturizing creams.
What are some dietary sources of Vitamin A?
-Dietary sources of Vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk. It is also found in the form of beta-carotene in red, yellow, and orange colored fruits and vegetables.
What are the consequences of a Vitamin A deficiency?
-A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness, dry and rough skin, and in severe cases, it can result in blindness.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity?
-Symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity can include fatigue, painful joints, birth defects, nausea, diarrhea, liver and nervous system damage, hair loss, and skin disorders.
How does Vitamin D relate to bone health?
-Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for forming strong bones and teeth.
What are the effects of a Vitamin D deficiency in children and adults?
-In children, a deficiency in Vitamin D can lead to rickets, characterized by soft and weak bones and bowed legs. In adults, it can cause osteomalacia, which is the softening and weakening of bones.
What is the role of Vitamin E as an antioxidant?
-Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, preventing fats from oxidizing and going rancid. It also helps maintain healthy nerves and muscles.
What are some sources of Vitamin E?
-Sources of Vitamin E include liver, egg yolk, vegetable oils, nuts, and whole grain foods such as brown bread or wholemeal bread.
What is the primary function of Vitamin K and its dietary sources?
-Vitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting. It is found in liver, green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and legumes.
What happens if there is a deficiency in Vitamin K?
-A deficiency in Vitamin K can lead to improper blood clotting, resulting in excessive bleeding from wounds.
Outlines
🌟 Fat-Soluble Vitamins Overview
This paragraph introduces fat-soluble vitamins, including A, D, E, and K, which are stored in body fat and can lead to toxicity if consumed in excess. Vitamin A is highlighted for its role in forming visual purple for night vision and maintaining healthy skin. Sources of vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolks, with beta-carotene being a precursor found in colorful fruits and vegetables. The paragraph also covers the consequences of vitamin A deficiency, such as night blindness and dry skin, and toxicity, which can result in symptoms like fatigue and liver damage.
🌞 Vitamin D and Its Importance for Bone Health
The second paragraph delves into vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, which is crucial for calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone health. It explains that the human body can produce vitamin D through sun exposure, similar to plants producing chlorophyll. Dietary sources of vitamin D include liver, egg yolk, oily fish, whole fat milk, and cheese. The paragraph outlines the risks of vitamin D deficiency, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak and soft bones. It also mentions the potential for hypercalcemia due to excessive vitamin D, which can lead to hardened arteries and organs.
🛡️ Antioxidant Properties of Vitamin E
Vitamin E, or tocopherol, is the focus of this paragraph as an antioxidant that protects oils from going rancid and maintains the health of nerves and muscles. Sources of vitamin E include liver, egg yolk, vegetable oil, nuts, and whole grain foods. The paragraph describes the effects of vitamin E deficiency, such as hemolysis and anemia, and the potential for nerve disease. It also notes that excessive vitamin E intake can interfere with vitamin K absorption.
🩸 Vitamin K's Role in Blood Clotting
The final paragraph discusses vitamin K, or naphthoquinone, which is essential for normal blood clotting. It mentions that vitamin K can be obtained from liver, vegetable oils, legumes, and green leafy vegetables, and is also produced by bacteria in the large intestine. The paragraph explains the risk of uncontrolled bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency and assures that vitamin K toxicity is rare.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Fat-Soluble Vitamins
💡Vitamin A
💡Visual Purple
💡Beta-Carotene
💡Vitamin D
💡Rickets
💡Vitamin E
💡Hemolysis
💡Vitamin K
💡Toxicity
💡Antioxidant
Highlights
Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which can be stored in the body's fat tissues and do not require regular replacement.
Excess fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity due to their storage capability in the body.
Vitamin A is crucial for forming visual purple, a pigment in the retina that allows seeing in dim light.
A deficiency in vitamin A can result in night blindness and potentially blindness.
Vitamin A contributes to healthy skin and is often included in skincare products.
Vitamin A also plays a role in resistance to infections, growth, development, and acts as an antioxidant.
Sources of vitamin A include liver, milk, fish oils, and egg yolk.
Beta-carotene, found in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables, is a precursor to vitamin A.
Vitamin D, or cholecalciferol, is linked to calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone health.
Sunlight can stimulate the production of vitamin D in the skin, similar to plants producing chlorophyll.
A lack of vitamin D can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, both affecting bone strength.
Excessive vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia, causing hardening of arteries and organ damage.
Vitamin E, or tocopherol, acts as an antioxidant and is added to oils to prevent rancidity.
Vitamin E is essential for maintaining healthy nerves and muscles.
Sources of vitamin E include liver, egg yolk, vegetable oil, nuts, and whole grain foods.
A deficiency in vitamin E can cause hemolysis and anemia, as well as nerve disease.
Vitamin K, or phylloquinone, is necessary for normal blood clotting.
Sources of vitamin K include liver, vegetable oils, legumes, and green leafy vegetables.
A vitamin K deficiency can lead to uncontrolled bleeding from wounds due to impaired clotting.
Vitamin K toxicity is rare, and its normal dietary intake is generally safe.
Transcripts
now let's start with the fat soluble
vitamins
now fat soluble vitamins again are
vitamins a d e and k
they dissolve in the fat tissues in your
body
now because these vitamins can be stored
in the fats in your body they do not
need regular replacement
as a result of that you can actually
easily have too much of these vitamins
because it can store on your body and
because of that that can lead to
toxicity
now the first fat soluble vitamin we'll
look at is vitamin a
um
the functions of vitamin a the most
important ones remember are these two
that they can form visual purple which
is a pigment in the retina of your eye
which allows you to see in dim light so
if you look at this picture of your
eyeball
the retina is at the back of your
eyeball over here
now when you have enough vitamin a
you can form this
pigment called visual purple so
say for example you're in a bright room
and the lights suddenly turn out
when that happens the visual purple will
actually help you to adjust
in the dark light so you can actually
see
sort of in the dim light now if you
didn't have enough vitamin a your eyes
wouldn't adjust and so you you wouldn't
be able to see in dim light anymore just
be very dark so that's what vitamin
helps you to do
all right the second um function of
vitamin a is to
help form and maintain healthy skin so
that's why um vitamin a is put a lot
into
skincare creams like the ones that you
have for your
hand
so like if you see this
example over here it's a
moisturizing cream moisturizing hand
cream and you can see that they put in
vitamin a over here
okay third function is of vitamin a it
helps to
provide you resistance to infections
um it also helps to
helps for growth and development of your
body and also helps to act as an
antioxidant what you need to remember at
least is the first two of these
functions
where you get vitamin a from you
actually get it from
liver you get it from milk fish oils and
egg yolk now
you remember these two liver and egg egg
yolk because that is where
you get a lot of your vitamin u fat
soluble vitamins from
now vitamin a is quite special um it
also comes in this form called
beta-carotene now beta-carotene is the
the form of vitamin a that is found in
red yellow and orange colored fruit and
vegetables
so it's what it's called a precursor
so
when you get the vitamin a from these
vegetables your body is able to convert
the beta-carotene into vitamin a
vitamin a as it says here has very
strong powerful antioxidant
properties and that helps to prevent
against certain cancers and
cardiovascular diseases
okay now what happens if you don't have
enough vitamin a
in children it results in pure growth
and because vitamin a is needed for
healthy skin you actually get dry and
rough skin so you notice that the
functions of the vitamin actually
are related to the deficiency symptoms
because of course if you're not going to
get enough of the vitamin
um then the function is compromised so
when you don't have enough vitamin a
because it forms that visual purple you
also will get night blindness where you
cannot see in the night
now if you
have a very severe deficiency of vitamin
a it actually can lead to blindness
which is what happens to a lot of
children in third world countries
okay on the other hand what happens if
you have too much vitamin a you can have
all these symptoms you can fatigue
painful joints
birth defects in babies nausea diarrhea
liver and nervous system damage
you can get hair loss and you can also
again get skin disorders
and i gave you that example in class
about the polar bear about the person
who was
lost in the
in i think it was the south pole and he
didn't he came across a polar bear and
pulled their liver is really high in
vitamin a so he landed up eating it and
getting these toxicity symptoms and
dying
okay next fat soluble vitamin is vitamin
d it's also known as cholecalciferol
uh main thing is to just remember it's
vitamin d
now vitamin d is very strongly linked to
the mineral calcium and also the mineral
phosphorus
vitamin d is needed for you to actually
absorb calcium and phosphorus and all
these three are needed to form strong
bones and tea
um if you
don't get them from
if you don't get your vitamin d from
food sources your skin can actually
produce vitamin d when it absorbs
sunlight
that's something interesting to note
you're almost like a plant you know that
can produce chlorophyll when you to the
sun now where do you get vitamin d from
again notice that you're going to get
vitamin d from liver and egg yolk
but you also get vitamin d from other
you know fatty sort of foods such as
oily fish
from whole fat milk of course you're not
going to get vitamin d in low fat milk
because the fat's been taken out
get vitamin d from cheese
and
here is sunlight but for sunlight please
note it's not a food source okay
so that again egg yolk and liver
now what happens if you don't get enough
vitamin d
because you need vitamin d to form
strong bones and teeth
um you're going to get weak bones and
teeth from not having enough vitamin d
in children it's called rickets
rickets is when you have softened
soft and weak bones and in children it
results in bold legs so if you see this
picture over here you notice that their
legs aren't straight they're sort of
curved so that's that's a sign of
rickets these children because their
bones don't grow properly they also get
stunted growth
now in adults um if if their bones are
already formed properly in childhood but
as an adult if you don't get enough
vitamin d you get this thing called
osteomalacia now osteo means bone
that means bone here and when you don't
have enough vitamin d
osteomolasia is actually softening and
weakening of bones and adults
okay if you have too much vitamin d on
the other hand which can um occur due to
having too much calcium supplements you
get this thing called
hypercalcemia now hyper means a lot
so a lot of calcium
and that causes the hardening of the
arteries and organs because the calcium
is actually deposited in your arteries
and organs such as your liver and your
kidneys
all right
vitamin e
is the next one also known as tocopherol
now vitamin e is an antioxidant so
some oil manufacturers they'll actually
add vitamin e into oils to stop the oils
from going rancid
so instead of the the fats getting
oxidized it's actually the vitamin e
that gets oxidized within the oil
now vitamin e also helps to maintain
healthy nerves and muscles
where you get vitamin e from again
you're going to see it's from
liver and egg yolk but other than these
two you get them from vegetable oil you
get them from nuts nuts which are very
high in fats and you also get them from
whole grain foods such as brown bread
okay wholemeal bread
okay if you don't have enough vitamin e
you can get rupturing of your red blood
cells rupturing just means breaking
and
this
breaking of the red blood cells is known
as hemolysis
and when you don't have enough red blood
cells it it results in this thing called
anemia
and you can also get nerve disease
okay on the other hand if you have too
much vitamin e
you will not be able to absorb vitamin k
very well into your body
okay last fat soluble vitamin is vitamin
k nectar quinone
it's
now vitamin k you can remember it as
plot
you know spelt with a k oops plot
um and you need vitamin k for normal
blood clotting
where do you get vitamin a uh k from
again it's liver but this time no egg
yolks
oops this is the wrong picture here
ignore that okay you also get vitamin k
from vegetable oils legumes and green
leafy vegetables
good one to remember green leafy
vegetables has a lot of good vitamins in
it
vitamin k is also produced by the
bacteria that lives in your large
intestine okay but the ones to remember
here are liver and green leafy
vegetables
all right if you don't have enough
vitamin k because it's it's needed for
blood clotting then what's going to
happen is that when you get a wound it's
not going to stop bleeding so you won't
be able to your blood won't clot
properly
vitamin k toxicity is quite rare so you
don't have to worry about that
okay and that's the end of
fat soluble vitamins
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