Persebaran Flora dan Fauna di Indonesia dan Dunia | Geograsi SMA

Summary

This video explores the fascinating distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia and around the world. It explains why certain animals, like kangaroos and tapirs, are found in specific regions due to historical land connections such as the Sahul and Sunda Shelves. Indonesia's fauna is categorized into Asiatic, Transitional, and Australian regions, while its flora is divided into four main zones. The video also presents global animal and plant distribution zones, highlighting how geography and climate influence biodiversity. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these patterns for environmental awareness, conservation, and practical applications like selecting suitable plants for local climates.

Takeaways

• 🌏 Kangaroos are found in Papua and Australia due to the historical land connection of the Sahul Shelf during the Ice Age.
• 🐘 Tapirs are found in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula because these areas were once connected as the Sunda Shelf.
• 🦁 Indonesia’s islands have distinct flora and fauna due to their unique geological histories and past land connections.
• 🗺️ Animal distribution in Indonesia is divided into three regions: Asiatic, Transitional, and Australian.
• 🐅 Asiatic region animals include elephants, Sumatran tigers, rhinos, and Mahakam dolphins found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan.
• 🦎 Transitional region animals include Komodo dragons, maleo birds, cuscuses, and flying frogs found in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku Islands.
• 🦘 Australian region animals include kangaroos, wallabies, birds of paradise, and cassowaries found in Papua and surrounding islands.
• 🌿 Plant distribution in Indonesia is divided into four zones: Sumatra/Kalimantan, Java/Bali, Walsia Archipelago, and Papua, each with unique species.
• 🌎 Global fauna is divided into eight regions: Ethiopian, Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Australian, Oceanic, and Antarctic, each with representative animals.
• 🌱 Global flora is divided into six zones: grasslands, deserts, tundra, tropical forests, deciduous forests, and taiga, each with characteristic plant species.
• 💡 Understanding the distribution of flora and fauna helps in practical applications like planting suitable crops and raises awareness about environmental protection and biodiversity conservation.
• 🛡️ Studying flora and fauna distribution also highlights the impact of deforestation, pollution, and climate change on ecosystems and promotes sustainable habits.

Q & A

Why are kangaroos found in Australia and Papua but not on other islands in Indonesia?

Kangaroos are found on the Sahul Shelf, which included Australia and Papua during the Ice Age. After rising sea levels and geological activity separated the landmasses, kangaroos remained in these regions.

Why are tapirs found only in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula?

Tapirs live on the Sunda Shelf, which connected Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula during the Ice Age. Even though they are now separated by the Strait of Malacca, tapirs remained in these areas due to their original distribution.

What are the main animal distribution zones in Indonesia?

Indonesia's animal distribution zones are divided into three: the Asiatic region, the Transitional region, and the Australian region.

Which islands are included in the Asiatic animal region of Indonesia, and what animals are found there?

The Asiatic region includes Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan, and surrounding small islands. Typical animals include elephants, Sumatran tigers, rhinos, and Mahakam dolphins.

Which animals inhabit the transitional area of Indonesia?

The transitional area includes Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and the Maluku Islands. Animals found there include Komodo dragons, maleo birds, cuscuses, and flying frogs.

Which animals are characteristic of the Australian region of Indonesia?

The Australian region includes Papua and surrounding small islands. Typical animals include kangaroos, wallabies, birds of paradise, and cassowaries.

How are plants in Indonesia distributed across different regions?

Plants in Indonesia are classified into four zones: Sumatra-Kalimantan, Java-Bali, Walsia Archipelago (Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku), and Papua. Each zone has unique flora adapted to the local environment.

What are the main global fauna distribution zones and their examples?

The eight global fauna zones are: Ethiopian (zebras, lions), Palearctic (pandas, camels), Nearctic (bison, raccoons), Neotropical (piranhas, anacondas), Oriental (Sumatran tiger, orangutan), Australian (kangaroos, koalas), Oceanic (kiwi, spenodon), and Antarctic (penguins, seals).

Which global flora zones exist, and what are some representative plants?

Global flora zones include Grasslands (bluem grass, Indian grass), Deserts (cactus, date palm), Tundra (lichens, reindeer moss), Tropical forests (meranti trees, acacia), Deciduous forests (maple, linden), and Taiga (conifer, spruce, birch).

Why is studying the distribution of flora and fauna important in daily life?

It helps select suitable plants for local climates, understand natural resources, and promotes awareness of protecting habitats, which contributes to preserving biodiversity for future generations.

How did past geological events affect animal and plant distribution in Indonesia?

During the Ice Age, landmasses like the Sahul and Sunda shelves connected regions. After sea levels rose and geological activity occurred, these landmasses separated, leading to distinct flora and fauna on each island.

Which Indonesian islands are part of the Oriental fauna zone?

The Oriental zone in Indonesia includes Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan. Typical fauna are the Sumatran tiger, one-horned rhinoceros, and orangutan.