Menjauhkan Sukarno dari Pancasila, Jejak Desukarnoisasi ala Orba | Buka Data

Narasi Newsroom

16 Jun 202008:01

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the history and significance of Pancasila, Indonesia's philosophical foundation, introduced by Sukarno in 1945. It highlights the contrast between the first commemoration in 1964 and the establishment of 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' in 1966, influenced by political upheavals, including the failed coup of 1965. The narrative explores the efforts of the New Order regime to distance Pancasila from Sukarno and the subsequent rehabilitation of the 'Hari Ulang Tahun Pancasila' under President Jokowi, who declared June 1st as a national holiday.

Takeaways

🇮🇩 The script discusses the importance of Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of Indonesia, and its significance in the country's history.
🗣️ Soekarno, the first president of Indonesia, introduced the five principles of Pancasila during a speech, which later became the foundation of the Indonesian state.
📅 The script mentions two significant dates related to Pancasila: the first national commemoration in 1964 and the establishment of 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' in 1966.
🏛️ On May 29, 1945, the BPUPKI (Preparatory Committee for the Independence of Indonesia) held its first meeting, where the foundation of the state was discussed.
📝 The five principles of Pancasila were formulated and finalized in the final version of the 1945 Constitution by the PPKI (Preparation Committee for Indonesian Independence).
🔄 The script highlights a political shift in 1965 with the failed coup attempt, which led to Soekarno's sidelining and the rise of Soeharto as the new leader.
🛑 The New Order regime under Soeharto sought to distance Pancasila from Soekarno's personal influence and established October 1st as 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila'.
📜 The script refers to a historical debate about the authenticity of Pancasila's origins, with some arguing that it was the idea of Yamin, not Soekarno.
📚 The New Order regime's version of Pancasila history was based on a single source document, which was later found to be incomplete and disputed.
📅 After the fall of the New Order, efforts were made to rehabilitate the celebration of Pancasila's birthday, with President Jokowi recognizing June 1st as a national holiday.
🎉 The government continues to commemorate both the 'Hari Kelahiran Pancasila' and 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila', reflecting the ongoing importance of Pancasila in Indonesian society.

Q & A

What is the significance of the 'Pancasila' in Indonesia?
-Pancasila is the philosophical foundation and the state ideology of Indonesia, consisting of five principles that guide the nation's political and social life.
When was Pancasila first commemorated as a national event?
-Pancasila was first commemorated as a national event on June 1, 1964.
Why was there a second commemoration day for Pancasila, known as 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila'?
-Hari Kesaktian Pancasila was introduced later in 1966 to commemorate the successful defense of Pancasila against the September 30th Movement, emphasizing its importance as the state ideology.
What event led to the establishment of the second Pancasila commemoration day?
-The failed coup attempt on September 30, 1965, which was followed by the rise of General Suharto and the establishment of the New Order government, led to the establishment of the second commemoration day.
Who was the key figure in the formulation of Pancasila?
-Soekarno, the first President of Indonesia, played a key role in formulating Pancasila and presenting it as the foundation of the Indonesian state.
What is the historical context of the first Pancasila principles being proposed?
-The first Pancasila principles were proposed by Soekarno during the BPUPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) meeting on June 1, 1945.
How did the New Order government under Suharto attempt to distance Pancasila from Soekarno?
-The New Order government tried to distance Pancasila from Soekarno by promoting the idea that Pancasila was a collective creation and not solely attributed to Soekarno, and by emphasizing the version formulated by the PPKI on August 18, 1945.
What was the role of the 'BPUPKI' in the early days of Indonesia's independence?
-The BPUPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) was responsible for preparing the groundwork for Indonesia's independence, including the formulation of the state's foundational principles.
Why was the 'Hari Ulang Tahun Kemerdekaan' (Independence Day) moved to a different date during the New Order era?
-The New Order government under Suharto moved the celebration of Independence Day to commemorate the success of Pancasila in repelling the September 30th Movement, thus shifting the focus to October 1st as 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila'.
What was the significance of the 'Proklamasi' document in the history of Pancasila?
-The 'Proklamasi' document, written by Nugroho Notosusanto, was significant as it provided an authentic account of the formulation of Pancasila and was used as a reference to rewrite the history of Pancasila during the New Order era.
How did President Jokowi approach the commemoration of Pancasila after the fall of the New Order?
-President Jokowi reinstated June 1 as the national holiday for the birth of Pancasila, recognizing its importance in the nation's history and identity, while still commemorating 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila'.

Outlines

00:00

🇮🇩 The Birth and Evolution of Pancasila

This paragraph discusses the historical origins and development of Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state. It begins with the first commemoration of Pancasila in 1964 and the subsequent establishment of 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' in 1966. The narrative then delves into the pivotal event of May 29, 1945, where the BPUPKI (Preparatory Committee for the Independence of Indonesia) held its first meeting, leading to the proposal of the state's foundational principles. The five principles, introduced by Soekarno, were later enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. The paragraph also touches on the political dynamics that followed, including the 1965 coup attempt and the rise of Suharto's New Order regime, which sought to distance Pancasila from Soekarno's personal influence and established October 1st as 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' to commemorate its role in overcoming the coup.

05:02

📜 Authentic Pancasila and Historical Legitimacy

The second paragraph focuses on the quest for the authentic version of Pancasila and the historical legitimacy of its origins. It mentions the role of Nugroho Notosusanto, who argued that the authentic Pancasila was the one formulated by the PPKI on August 18, 1945. This version became the basis for the New Order's narrative on Pancasila. The paragraph highlights the controversy surrounding the original documents and the differing accounts of the state's foundational principles, including the debate over whether the original five principles were proposed by Soekarno or by another figure, Yamin. It also discusses the efforts to rehabilitate the original date of Pancasila's birth, June 1st, and the decision by President Jokowi to make it a national holiday, while still recognizing 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila'.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, consisting of five principles: belief in one supreme God, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice. It is central to the video's theme as it discusses the history and significance of Pancasila in Indonesia's political and social framework. The script mentions Pancasila's first proclamation by Soekarno and its role as the ideological underpinning of the nation.

💡Soekarno

Soekarno, also known as Bung Karno, is a key figure in Indonesian history and the first President of Indonesia. The video script refers to his role in the establishment of Pancasila and his influence on the country's early political landscape. His speeches and actions are pivotal to understanding the development of the Indonesian state ideology.

💡Hari Kesaktian Pancasila

Hari Kesaktian Pancasila, or Pancasila Day, is a national holiday in Indonesia celebrated to commemorate the reaffirmation of Pancasila as the state ideology. The script discusses the establishment of this day by Soeharto in 1966 to remember the success of Pancasila in repelling the September 30th Movement and to distance the ideology from Soekarno.

💡Soeharto

Soeharto is a significant political figure in Indonesia, who succeeded Soekarno as the President and initiated the New Order era. The script describes how Soeharto used the Pancasila to consolidate his power and reshape the state ideology, establishing Hari Kesaktian Pancasila and later transforming it into a national holiday.

💡BPUPKI

BPUPKI stands for Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or the Investigative Body for the Preparation of Indonesian Independence. It was a key organization in the early stages of Indonesia's independence, as mentioned in the script, where the principles of the state were discussed and formulated.

💡PPKI

PPKI, or Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, is the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. The script indicates that the final version of Pancasila was included in the 1945 Constitution by this committee, highlighting its role in shaping the nation's foundational principles.

💡September 30th Movement

The September 30th Movement refers to a failed coup attempt in 1965 by a group of military officers in Indonesia. The script explains that this event led to Soeharto's rise to power and the subsequent political changes, including the establishment of Hari Kesaktian Pancasila.

💡Yamin

Yamin is mentioned in the script as a significant figure in the history of Pancasila. He is portrayed as having a role in the formulation of the state's foundational principles and is later recognized as the 'inventor' of Pancasila by the New Order government, which sought to de-Soekarnonize the ideology.

💡De-Soekarnonization

De-Soekarnonization refers to the process of removing Soekarno's influence from the state ideology and political narrative. The script describes how the New Order government attempted this by promoting figures like Yamin and redefining the history and interpretation of Pancasila.

💡Orde Baru

Orde Baru, or the New Order, is the period of authoritarian rule under Soeharto in Indonesia. The script discusses how this era sought to redefine Pancasila and reshape the national identity, including the establishment of Hari Kesaktian Pancasila and the suppression of the original Pancasila Day.

💡Jokowi

Jokowi, or President Joko Widodo, is the current President of Indonesia as of the script's knowledge cutoff in 2023. The script mentions his decision to reinstate June 1st as Pancasila Day, reflecting a rehabilitation of the original date and an attempt to reconcile historical narratives.

Highlights

Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of Indonesia, was first commemorated on two different dates: the first national commemoration in 1964 and the establishment of 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' in 1966.

The first proposal of the state's principles was made during the BPUPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) meeting on June 1, 1945, by Soekarno, who introduced the five principles known as Pancasila.

Pancasila was initially formulated as the basis for the state during the BPUPKI meeting and later included in the 1945 Constitution by the PPKI (Preparation Committee for Indonesian Independence).

The 1965 coup attempt, known as 'G30S', led to significant political changes, with Soeharto emerging as the military leader and eventually becoming president, initiating the New Order era.

Soeharto's New Order regime sought to distance Pancasila from Soekarno's influence, emphasizing Pancasila's role in repelling the September 30th Movement and establishing October 1st as 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila'.

The New Order era attempted to 'de-Soekarnonize' Pancasila, with efforts to present it as a collective creation rather than Soekarno's individual ideology.

After Soekarno's death, the New Order continued to revise the history of Pancasila, with Nugroho Notosusanto's writings emphasizing the PPKI's formulation of Pancasila on August 18, 1945.

Controversies arose regarding the authenticity of Pancasila's origins, with claims that Yamin, not Soekarno, was the true founder, based on stenographic records of the BPUPKI meeting.

Yamin's speech on May 29, 1945, suggested a three-pillar foundation for the Indonesian state, differing from the five principles later established as Pancasila.

The New Order regime faced challenges in legitimizing its historical narrative, with disputes over the authenticity of documents and the role of key figures like Yamin and Abdul Gafar Pringgodigdo.

Despite the New Order's attempts to suppress the celebration of Pancasila's birthday on June 1, the significance of the date persisted in Indonesian society.

President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) reinstated June 1 as a national holiday to commemorate Pancasila's birthday, reflecting a rehabilitation of the date's importance.

The New Order continued to observe 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' on October 1, despite the controversy surrounding its establishment and significance.

The transcript highlights the complex history and political dynamics surrounding Pancasila, from its inception to its role in shaping Indonesian national identity and ideology.

The commemoration of Pancasila's birthday and 'Hari Kesaktian Pancasila' reflects the evolving interpretations and political uses of Pancasila throughout Indonesia's history.

The debate over Pancasila's origins and the role of Soekarno and Yamin underscores the ongoing struggle to define the philosophical and historical underpinnings of the Indonesian state.

The New Order's efforts to reshape the narrative around Pancasila and its commemoration dates reveal the interplay between political power and the construction of national history.