Inilah Mengapa Nenek Moyang Kita (Benar2) Seorang Pelaut || Series Kerajaan Nusantara: Gowa-Tallo ⛵⚓

Summary

This script delves into the Islamic maritime kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Makassar, Indonesia, highlighting its rise and fall. It discusses the union of two kingdoms under Islamic rule, the cultural and social stratification influenced by Hindu-Buddhist remnants, and the kingdom's peak under Sultan Hasanuddin. The narrative also touches on Dutch influence, internal power shifts, and the strategic alliance with Arung Palaka that led to Dutch dominance in the region, ending with the recognition of the Pinisi shipbuilding tradition as a UNESCO cultural heritage.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, focusing on the maritime kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Makassar, which was significant in the spread of Islam and the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms.
• 🌊 The script highlights the unification of the two kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo under the leadership of Raja Goa, Daeng Mrababa, who converted to Islam and became Sultan Alauddin, and Raja Tallo, Karaeng Matoaya, who became Sultan Abdullah.
• 🕌 The spread of Islam in Indonesia is emphasized, showing how the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms and the adoption of Islam by royal families and the populace led to the rise of Islamic kingdoms.
• 🏙️ The capital of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom was in Somba Opu, South Sulawesi, chosen for its adherence to Islamic practices and to avoid conflict with social norms and Islamic teachings.
• 👥 The social stratification within the Gowa-Tallo kingdom is described, with the highest class being the nobility (anakarung or kare), the middle class being the general populace (tomaradeka), and the lowest class being the untouchables (APTA).
• 🛶 The Pinisi ship, a type of sailing ship, is mentioned as a symbol of the maritime prowess of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, which UNESCO recognized as a cultural heritage in 2017.
• 📜 The script refers to the 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek', a maritime law inscribed in the Lontar, which indicates the kingdom's advanced maritime trade and navigation practices.
• 👑 Sultan Hasanuddin, known for his bravery and resistance against the Dutch, is highlighted as a key figure who brought prosperity to Makassar through trade and seafaring, earning the nickname 'ayam jantan' or 'rooster from the east'.
• 🤝 The Dutch East India Company (VOC) is portrayed as having a significant influence on the region, with Arung Palaka, a prince from the defeated Bone kingdom, seeking their help to regain independence.
• ✍️ The Bongaya Treaty is mentioned, which led to Dutch monopoly over the spice trade in Makassar and the establishment of a fortress, signifying the beginning of Dutch control over the region.
• 🏰 The fall of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom is discussed, showing how external forces, particularly the Dutch and internal conflicts, led to the end of the kingdom's power and the rise of Dutch control in South Sulawesi.

Q & A

What topic is discussed in the video script?

The video script discusses the Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the maritime kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Makassar.

Why was the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo chosen to start the video series on Islamic kingdoms?

The kingdom of Gowa-Tallo was chosen to start the video series because it might open the viewers' eyes to the reasons behind the emergence of Islamic kingdoms and the fall of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia.

What does 'Goa Talo' mean in the context of the script?

In the script, 'Goa Talo' refers to two separate kingdoms, the Kingdom of Goa and the Kingdom of Talo, which later united under the leadership of Raja Goa, known as Sultan Alauddin, and Raja Talo, known as Sultan Abdullah.

What significant change occurred in the kingdoms of Goa and Talo after they adopted Islam?

After adopting Islam, the kingdoms of Goa and Talo united under the leadership of Sultan Alauddin and Sultan Abdullah, which contributed to the spread of Islam in Indonesia and the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms.

What was the role of the Mangku Bumi in the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo?

The Mangku Bumi was a title for a prince who also served as the head of administration in the government, assisting in the governance alongside the religious officials.

How did the social stratification in the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo differ from Islamic principles?

Although Islam does not recognize social stratification, the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo maintained a social hierarchy influenced by the remnants of Hindu-Buddhist culture, with the highest class being the nobility, followed by common people, and the lowest class being the APTA.

What was the significance of the 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek' law in the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo?

The 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek' law was a maritime law that regulated trade and navigation, contributing to the prosperity of Makassar as a trading port and the recognition of the Makassarese as skilled sailors.

Why was Sultan Hasanuddin referred to as 'ayam jantan' or 'rooster from the east'?

Sultan Hasanuddin was referred to as 'ayam jantan' due to his bravery and determination in resisting the Dutch, with the term signifying a strong and courageous figure from Eastern Indonesia.

What was the role of Arung Palaka in the downfall of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom?

Arung Palaka, seeking revenge and the independence of his kingdom of Bone, allied with the Dutch against Gowa-Tallo, which eventually led to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty and the Dutch monopoly over the spice trade in Makassar.

How did the Dutch influence contribute to the decline of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom?

The Dutch, through political and economic domination, weakened the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, eventually leading to the Dutch control over South Sulawesi and the end of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom's rule.

What cultural legacy of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom is recognized by UNESCO?

The cultural legacy of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, specifically the tradition of Pinisi shipbuilding, was recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage in 2017.