Mikoriza : Pengertian dan Macam Mikoriza

Summary

In this educational video, Kak Mimi explains the concept of mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and the roots of higher plants. Mycorrhizae help plants by enhancing water and nutrient absorption, while fungi benefit from organic substances produced by the plant. The video distinguishes between two types of mycorrhiza: ectomycorrhiza, which forms a protective outer mantle, and endomycorrhiza, which penetrates the plant's root cells. The video also covers their practical applications, including plant disease resistance and drought tolerance. Kak Mimi concludes with examples and a brief quiz to test viewers' understanding.

Takeaways

• 😀 Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots, where both organisms benefit.
• 😀 The term 'mycorrhiza' is derived from Greek and Latin words meaning 'fungus' and 'root', respectively.
• 😀 Mycorrhizae are not a separate kingdom or division, but rather a type of symbiosis.
• 😀 Fungi in mycorrhizal relationships receive organic substances from plant roots that perform photosynthesis.
• 😀 In return, fungi protect plant roots from diseases caused by bacteria and increase the plants' resistance to drought.
• 😀 The plant roots in mycorrhizal relationships receive better access to water and nutrients than they would without the fungi.
• 😀 Mycorrhizal symbiosis helps plants survive in environments with high salinity or drought conditions.
• 😀 There are two main types of mycorrhizal relationships: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza.
• 😀 Ectomycorrhiza forms a protective mantle around the plant root and does not penetrate the cells of the root.
• 😀 Endomycorrhiza penetrates the plant root cells, forming structures like arbuscules (or haustoria) that absorb nutrients.
• 😀 Ectomycorrhiza is typically found in coniferous trees like pine, while endomycorrhiza is commonly found in fruit and vegetable plants.

Q & A

What is mycorrhiza and how does it benefit plants?

Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between fungi and the roots of higher plants. The fungi benefit by obtaining organic substances from the plant roots, which perform photosynthesis, while the plants receive enhanced access to water and nutrients, such as nitrogen and minerals, which improves their resistance to diseases and environmental stresses like drought.

Why is mycorrhiza not classified as a kingdom or division?

Mycorrhiza is not classified as a kingdom or division because it is a type of symbiotic relationship, not a distinct organism or biological group. It represents a mutualistic interaction between fungi and the roots of higher plants.

What are the two types of mycorrhiza based on fungal interaction with plant roots?

The two types of mycorrhiza are ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza. Ectomycorrhiza is found on the outer part of the root, forming a mantle, while endomycorrhiza penetrates the root cells to form structures like arbuscules.

What is the role of ectomycorrhiza?

Ectomycorrhiza forms a mantle around the outside of the plant root and extends into the soil, aiding the plant in absorbing water and nutrients. It does not penetrate root cells but creates a network around them, which helps protect the plant from pathogens and environmental stress.

How does endomycorrhiza differ from ectomycorrhiza?

Endomycorrhiza differs from ectomycorrhiza in that it penetrates the plant's root cells, forming structures like arbuscules or haustoria inside the cells. This allows it to directly exchange nutrients with the plant, especially in terms of absorbing organic substances.

What is the role of arbuscules in endomycorrhiza?

Arbuscules are specialized fungal structures formed in endomycorrhiza that facilitate the exchange of nutrients between the fungi and the plant. They are crucial for the absorption of organic substances, including water and nutrients, directly from the plant cells.

How do plants benefit from the mycorrhizal relationship in terms of disease resistance?

Plants in a mycorrhizal relationship gain increased resistance to diseases caused by bacteria and fungi in the soil. The fungi act as a protective layer for the plant's roots, helping it defend against harmful pathogens.

What environmental stressors can mycorrhiza help plants tolerate?

Mycorrhiza helps plants tolerate various environmental stressors such as drought, high salinity in the soil, and other adverse conditions that might otherwise harm the plant. The symbiotic relationship improves the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients even under challenging conditions.

Which plants typically form endomycorrhizal relationships?

Endomycorrhizal relationships are most commonly found in vegetables, fruit-bearing plants, and other herbaceous plants. This type of mycorrhiza is especially important for plants that need to efficiently absorb nutrients from the soil.

What is the significance of haustoria in mycorrhizal fungi?

Haustoria are specialized fungal structures that penetrate plant cells to absorb organic compounds. These structures play a key role in the exchange of nutrients, with the fungi absorbing water and organic materials from the plant, which benefits both the fungi and the plant.