Materi IPS Kelas 9 Bab 4: Perkembangan Politik Indonesia Pada Masa Kemerdekaan

Summary

This educational video explains the political developments in Indonesia during its early independence years. It covers the formation of the Republic of Indonesia's federal structure as the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS), the political struggles faced, including the PKI Madiun rebellion and the Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) movement. The video delves into these political disturbances, highlighting key events such as the collapse of RIS and its return to the unitary state of Indonesia. It also addresses the government's efforts in maintaining national unity amidst these challenges.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the development of Indonesian politics during the independence period, focusing on the transition from the Dutch colonial rule.
• 😀 The formation of the Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS) on December 27, 1945, after the Round Table Conference (KMB) led to a federal system with several states and regions within Indonesia.
• 😀 RIS included various states like Negara Indonesia Timur, Negara Pasundan, Negara Madura, and parts of Sumatra, among others.
• 😀 The government of RIS was led by President Sukarno and Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta.
• 😀 The federal system of RIS was not in line with the aspirations for a united Indonesia, leading to protests and calls for the dissolution of RIS.
• 😀 On May 19, 1950, an agreement was signed, leading to the dissolution of RIS and the re-establishment of a unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
• 😀 The script highlights various security disturbances and rebellions against the government, including the Madiun PKI Rebellion in 1948, which sought to replace Pancasila with communism.
• 😀 The PKI Madiun Rebellion was led by Muso and was crushed by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in cooperation with local forces.
• 😀 The Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) rebellion sought to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia and spread across several regions including West Java, Aceh, Sulawesi Selatan, and Kalimantan Selatan.
• 😀 The DI/TII rebellion was led by figures like SM Kartosuwiryo in West Java, Kahar Muzakkar in Sulawesi Selatan, and Daud Beureuh in Aceh, but all rebellions were ultimately suppressed by the Indonesian government.
• 😀 The script concludes with the importance of national unity and the collective desire of the Indonesian people for independence and peace.

Q & A

What was the Republic of Indonesia's form of government after the agreement at the KMB?

After the agreement at the Konferensi Meja Bundar (KMB), the Republic of Indonesia was transformed into the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS), a federal state, which was established on December 27, 1949.

What did the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) consist of?

The Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) consisted of federal states and territorial units. The federal states included Indonesia Timur, Pasundan, East Java, Madura, South Sumatra, and East Sumatra. Additionally, there were territorial units such as West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Southeast Kalimantan, Banjar, Dayak, Bangka Belitung, Riau, and Central Java.

Who were the key leaders in the Republic of Indonesia Serikat?

The key leaders of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) were President Soekarno and Prime Minister Dr. Mohammad Hatta.

Why did the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) not last?

The Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) did not last because it did not align with the ideals of national unity and the desires of the Indonesian people. There were protests and demonstrations in the federal states, which led to the dissolution of RIS. On May 19, 1950, an agreement was signed to reunite Indonesia into a unitary state, the Republic of Indonesia.

What event led to the Republic of Indonesia becoming a unitary state again?

The Republic of Indonesia became a unitary state again after the signing of an agreement on May 19, 1950, between the RIS government and the Indonesian Republic government, which led to the dissolution of RIS and the return to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) on August 17, 1950.

What were some of the security disturbances Indonesia faced after its independence?

After its independence, Indonesia faced several security disturbances, including the PKI Madiun rebellion in 1948 and the Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) rebellions, which were efforts to overthrow Pancasila and establish an Islamic state.

What was the goal of the PKI Madiun rebellion in 1948?

The goal of the PKI Madiun rebellion, led by Muso, was to replace Pancasila as the state ideology with communism and to establish the Soviet Republic of Indonesia.

How was the PKI Madiun rebellion suppressed?

The PKI Madiun rebellion was suppressed on September 30, 1948, by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) with the help of local citizens. The operation was led by Colonel Gatot Subroto and Colonel Sungkono.

What was the Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) movement about?

The Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) movement was a rebellion led by groups wanting to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia. The movement spread across various regions, including West Java, Central Java, Aceh, South Sulawesi, and South Kalimantan, with each region having its own leader.

Who were the main leaders of the DI/TII movement in different regions?

The main leaders of the DI/TII movement in different regions were SM Kartosuwiryo in West Java, Kahar Muzakkar in South Sulawesi, Daud Beureuh in Aceh, and Ibnu Hajar in South Kalimantan. All of them aimed to establish an Islamic state under the leadership of Kartosuwiryo.