Sejarah Kerajaan Mataram Kuno | Sejarah SMA

Summary

The video delves into the history of the ancient Mataram Kingdom, a Hindu-Buddhist realm that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries. It traces the kingdom's evolution, from its foundation by King Sanjaya to its peak under the reign of dynasties like Sanjaya, Syailendra, and Isyana. Notable for its grand temples, such as Borobudur and Prambanan, the kingdom influenced regions across Southeast Asia and beyond. The video also explores its complex relationships, including rivalries with Sriwijaya and military expansions. Ultimately, the kingdom fell due to internal strife and external pressures, but its legacy continued through later kingdoms, like Medang Kahuripan.

Takeaways

• 😀 Mataram Kuno, also known as Kerajaan Medang, was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that existed from the 8th to the 11th century in Java, Indonesia.
• 😀 The kingdom was known for its magnificent temple heritage, including the famous Borobudur and Prambanan, which are considered cultural icons of Indonesia.
• 😀 The civilization of Mataram Kuno is often referred to as the peak of ancient Javanese culture, with art, architecture, and culture flourishing during this period.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno's influence spread across Southeast Asia, impacting regions like Sriwijaya, Sumatra, Bali, the Philippines, and even reaching as far as Vietnam and Africa.
• 😀 The kingdom was founded by King Sanjaya of the Sanjaya Dynasty in 732 CE, and its history saw rule by three major dynasties: Sanjaya, Syailendra, and Isyana.
• 😀 The kingdom’s economy relied heavily on agriculture, particularly rice farming, and maritime trade became increasingly important as the kingdom expanded.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno's political and social structure was hierarchical, consisting of nobility, royal servants, priests, and commoners.
• 😀 The oldest record of the kingdom is found in the Canggal inscription (732 CE), which marks the establishment of the kingdom under King Sanjaya.
• 😀 Under the reign of King Panangkaran, Mataram Kuno saw the construction of many monumental temples and the peak of Javanese civilization between 760 and 910 CE.
• 😀 The kingdom's decline began after a political marriage between Hindu and Buddhist royal families, leading to internal conflict, invasions, and the eventual fall of Mataram Kuno in the 11th century, ending with the death of King Dharmawangsa.

Q & A

What was the main religion of the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno?

The Kingdom of Mataram Kuno primarily followed Hinduism and Buddhism, with the Sanjaya dynasty being Hindu and the Syailendra dynasty being Buddhist.

Which historical monuments are associated with Mataram Kuno?

Mataram Kuno is known for its magnificent temples, such as Borobudur, Prambanan, and Sewu, which represent the peak of ancient Javanese civilization.

What significant event marked the end of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom?

The Kingdom of Mataram Kuno ended after a period of internal conflict and an attack by forces likely supported by Sriwijaya, leading to the decline of the dynasty.

Who was the founder of the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno?

The Kingdom of Mataram Kuno was founded in 732 AD by King Sanjaya from the Sanjaya dynasty.

What was the economic foundation of Mataram Kuno?

The economy of Mataram Kuno was primarily based on agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, although maritime trade became increasingly important in later years.

What was the relationship between Mataram Kuno and the Srivijaya Kingdom?

Mataram Kuno had a close yet competitive relationship with the Srivijaya Kingdom, marked by both cooperation and rivalry, which contributed to the kingdom's eventual downfall.

What was the significance of the marriage between Princess Pramodhawardhani and Rakai Pikatan?

The marriage between Princess Pramodhawardhani (a Buddhist) and Rakai Pikatan (a Hindu) is seen as an attempt to foster religious tolerance and unity between the Hindu and Buddhist communities in the kingdom.

What event triggered the relocation of Mataram Kuno's capital to East Java?

The capital was moved to East Java, particularly to the Brantas River area, possibly due to volcanic eruptions, disease outbreaks, and the shift towards a maritime economy.

What caused the fall of the Syailendra dynasty within Mataram Kuno?

The fall of the Syailendra dynasty within Mataram Kuno was due to internal rebellions, exacerbated by external pressures from the Srivijaya Kingdom, and the eventual failure of the Syailendra-backed forces in their struggles for power.

How did the end of Mataram Kuno lead to the rise of the Kingdom of Medang Kahuripan?

After the downfall of Mataram Kuno, the line of the Isyana dynasty continued through Airlangga, the nephew of Dharmawangsa, who founded the Kingdom of Medang Kahuripan in 1019 AD.