Sejarah Seru ❗️❗️❗️ Perang Saudara di Bumi Mataram - (Kerajaan Mataram Kuno) SEJARAH INDONESIA

Summary

The video explores the ancient Mataram Kingdom in Central Java during the 8th century, focusing on the political intrigue surrounding Rakai Pikatan and Pramodawardhani's rise to power. Following the controversial succession decision by King Samaratungga, which favored his daughter, tensions arise with his son Balaputradewa, leading to a civil war. The eventual victory of Pramodawardhani and Pikatan fosters religious tolerance between Hindu and Buddhist communities, exemplified by the construction of significant temples like Borobudur and Plaosan, showcasing a unique collaboration between the two faiths.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The Ancient Mataram Kingdom was located in Central Java, surrounded by significant mountains such as Merapi, Merbabu, and Lawu.
• 👑 Rakai Pikatan, a prince from the Sanjaya dynasty, aimed to revive his dynasty and unite it with the Syailendra dynasty.
• ⚔️ The political decision by King Samaratungga to name his daughter Pramodawardhani as his successor led to conflict with his son Balaputradewa.
• 💔 Balaputradewa challenged his father's decision, emphasizing the traditional view that male heirs should inherit the throne.
• 🤔 Pramodawardhani supported her father's decision, reinforcing the idea that a woman could rightfully hold power.
• 📣 The announcement of Pramodawardhani as the crown princess reached Rakai Pikatan, who saw an opportunity to strengthen his position.
• 💍 In 832 AD, Rakai Pikatan successfully married Pramodawardhani, aligning their dynasties politically.
• ⚔️ Following King Samaratungga's death, Balaputradewa claimed the throne, leading to a civil war.
• 🏰 Pramodawardhani and Rakai Pikatan managed to defeat Balaputradewa, who fled to Sumatra and later became the king of Srivijaya.
• 🌈 The coexistence of Hindu and Buddhist practices during their reign promoted religious tolerance in Java.

Q & A

What is the historical context of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom?

The Ancient Mataram Kingdom was established in the 8th century in Central Java, located between significant mountains and near the Indian Ocean.

Who was Rakai Pikatan?

Rakai Pikatan was a prince from the Sanjaya dynasty, known for his ambition to revive the Sanjaya dynasty and unite it with the Syailendra dynasty.

What significant political decision did King Samaratungga make before his abdication?

King Samaratungga decided that his first child with the queen, Pramodawardhani, would be his successor, which was controversial as it was uncommon for a female to inherit the throne.

How did Balaputradewa react to his father's decision?

Balaputradewa opposed the decision, arguing that traditionally, only male heirs were entitled to the throne.

What role did Pramodawardhani play in the royal family dynamics?

Pramodawardhani voiced her support for her father's decision, challenging traditional gender roles by asserting her right to the throne.

What event triggered the civil war within the Mataram Kingdom?

The civil war was sparked by Balaputradewa's challenge to Pramodawardhani and Rakai Pikatan's claim to the throne following King Samaratungga's death.

Where did Balaputradewa establish his defenses during the civil war?

Balaputradewa built his defense fortifications in the hills south of Prambanan, known as Candi Boko.

What was the outcome of the civil war?

Pramodawardhani and Rakai Pikatan ultimately defeated Balaputradewa, who then fled to Sumatra.

What impact did the reign of Pramodawardhani and Rakai Pikatan have on religious tolerance?

Their reign fostered positive inter-religious tolerance between Buddhists and Hindus in Java, promoting mutual respect and cooperation.

How did Pramodawardhani contribute to the cultural landscape of the era?

Pramodawardhani oversaw the completion of significant religious structures, such as the Borobudur temple, and supported the construction of Hindu temples.