Proses Pembuatan Urea || Proses Industri Kimia

Summary

The presentation focuses on the industrial production of urea, a high-nitrogen fertilizer vital for agriculture. The process involves six main units: synthesis, stripping, purification, crystallization, cooling, and treatment. The speaker explains how ammonia and carbon dioxide react to form ammonium carbamate, which is subsequently processed into solid urea. Additionally, common challenges such as water quality and dust emissions are addressed, with solutions including water treatment plants and cleaner production practices. The talk concludes with a call for environmental responsibility in chemical production.

Takeaways

• 😀 Urea is a high-nitrogen fertilizer, containing about 45-46% nitrogen, which is quickly available to plants.
• 😀 The primary raw materials for urea production are liquid ammonia and carbon dioxide gas from ammonia plants.
• 😀 The urea production process consists of six main units: synthesis, stripping, purification, condensation, crystallization, and final processing.
• 😀 In the synthesis unit, liquid ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbamate in the urea reactor.
• 😀 The stripping unit removes dissolved gases from the urea solution produced in the synthesis unit.
• 😀 The purification unit separates unreacted ammonium carbamate and excess ammonia through pressure reduction and heating.
• 😀 The crystallization unit concentrates the urea solution into solid urea using vacuum evaporators.
• 😀 Challenges in urea production include ensuring clean water supply and managing dust emissions from the prilling tower.
• 😀 Solutions to address water supply issues include implementing a water treatment plant to ensure water quality.
• 😀 Adopting clean production systems can help mitigate dust emissions and promote responsible environmental practices in urea production.

Q & A

What is urea, and why is it significant in agriculture?

Urea is a high-nitrogen fertilizer containing approximately 45-46% nitrogen. Its high solubility allows it to be quickly available for plant uptake, making it essential for promoting plant growth.

What are the primary raw materials used in urea production?

The primary raw materials for urea production are liquid ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are supplied from ammonia production plants.

Can you describe the first step of the urea production process?

In the synthesis unit, liquid ammonia is heated, and carbon dioxide is also heated to meet the reactor's temperature requirements. Both substances are then reacted in a reactor to form ammonium carbamate.

What chemical reaction occurs in the synthesis unit?

The chemical reaction that occurs is: 2 NH₃ + CO₂ → NH₂COONH₄, where ammonia and carbon dioxide combine to form ammonium carbamate.

What happens to ammonium carbamate in the production process?

Ammonium carbamate undergoes dehydration to produce urea and water, following the reaction: NH₂COONH₄ → NH₂COONH₂ + H₂O.

How does the stripping unit function in the urea production process?

The stripping unit removes dissolved gases from the urea mixture by treating it with carbon dioxide, allowing for the recovery of ammonia and carbon dioxide.

What is the purpose of the purification unit in urea production?

The purification unit separates unreacted ammonium carbamate and excess ammonia from the urea solution through depressurization and heating, leading to the recovery of gases for recycling.

What role does the crystallization unit play in the production of urea?

The crystallization unit concentrates the urea solution using vacuum evaporators, resulting in the formation of urea crystals.

What environmental issues are associated with urea production?

Key environmental issues include the need for clean water in the production process and dust emissions from the prilling tower, which can lead to air pollution.

What solutions are proposed for managing water quality in urea production?

Establishing water treatment plants is proposed to ensure that the water used in the production process is of high quality, preventing equipment damage and inefficiencies.

How can dust emissions from the prilling tower be mitigated?

Implementing a clean production management system can help reduce dust emissions and improve overall environmental quality.

What is the final product of the urea production process?

The final product of the urea production process is granulated urea, which is formed in the prilling unit after cooling and shaping the urea crystals.