Globalisasi Ekonomi dan Liberalisasi Perdagangan

Summary

The transcript discusses economic globalization, highlighting its impact on international trade and cooperation among countries. It explains how globalization allows for production shifts to countries with lower costs, exemplified by American companies outsourcing to Indonesia. The text outlines supportive and restrictive policies that nations employ to regulate trade, such as tariffs and subsidies, and mentions key organizations like the WTO and ASEAN. Additionally, it addresses both positive effects, such as increased market access and investment opportunities, and negative consequences, including competition with imports and the risk to local businesses.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Economic globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of economies worldwide, making national borders less significant.
• 🏭 An example of globalization is when the U.S. produces goods in countries with lower labor costs, like Indonesia, to reduce production expenses.
• 🍔 Global companies like KFC and McDonald's entering local markets illustrate the influence of globalization on consumer choices.
• 📈 There are two main policies governing economic globalization: supportive policies that facilitate international trade and restrictive policies that protect local economies.
• 💰 Supportive policies may include export subsidies, foreign trade zones, and special government agencies to enhance trade.
• 🚧 Restrictive policies can involve tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and administrative controls to safeguard local markets from foreign competition.
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia employs a mix of both supportive and restrictive policies, such as foreign trade zones and tariffs on imported goods.
• 🤝 Indonesia collaborates in international trade organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the ASEAN Economic Community.
• 🌐 The WTO, established on January 1, 1995, plays a crucial role in regulating trade agreements among member countries.
• ⚖️ Globalization has both positive and negative impacts, including increased access to foreign markets and investment, as well as challenges for local businesses due to competition.

Q & A

What is economic globalization?

Economic globalization refers to the worldwide integration of economic activities, resulting in reduced recognition of national borders in trade and investment.

How does globalization affect production decisions of companies?

Globalization allows companies to shift production to countries with lower labor costs, which can reduce overall production expenses and enhance competitiveness.

What are some examples of foreign companies entering the Indonesian market?

Examples include multinational fast-food chains like KFC and McDonald's, which have established operations in Indonesia.

What are the two main types of policies governing economic globalization?

The two main types are supportive policies, which facilitate international trade, and hindering policies, which protect local economies from foreign competition.

Can you give examples of supportive policies?

Supportive policies include subsidies for exporters, establishment of foreign trade zones, and government agencies that assist in international trade.

What are some hindering policies implemented by Indonesia?

Hindering policies in Indonesia include tariffs on imported goods, non-tariff barriers, and quotas on specific imports like cattle.

What role does the World Trade Organization (WTO) play in global trade?

The WTO regulates international trade agreements, facilitates negotiations among member countries, and addresses trade disputes.

How does globalization positively impact Indonesia?

Positive impacts include increased access to export markets, foreign investment opportunities, and improved tourism.

What negative effects does globalization have on Indonesia's economy?

Negative effects include competition from cheaper imports, the risk of foreign labor affecting local job markets, and increased financial speculation.

What is the purpose of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area?

The ASEAN-China Free Trade Area aims to enhance economic cooperation and trade liberalization among ASEAN member countries and China.